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Fever assessment in children under five: Are we following the guidelines?

World journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第1期13卷 62-72页

作者： Hasan M isa ahmed j isa Murtadha A Alnasheet Mahmood M Mansoor Department of Pediatrics Salmaniya Medical ComplexManama 26671Bahrain Department of Pediatrics Arabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671Bahrain Department of General Surgery Salmaniya Medical ComplexManama 26671Bahrain

BACKGROUND Fever is a common cause of medical consultation and hospital admission,particularly among ***,the United Kingdom’s National Institute for Health and Care Excellence(NICE)updated its guidelines for assessing fever in children under five years of *** efficient assessment and management of children with fever are crucial for improving patient *** To evaluate fever assessment in hospitalized children and to assess its adherence with the NICE Fever in under 5s *** We conducted a retrospective cohort review of the electronic medical records of children under five years of age at the Department of Pediatrics,Salmaniya Medical Complex,Bahrain,between june and july *** data,vital signs during the first 48 h of admission,route of temperature measurement,and indications for admission were *** was defined according to the NICE *** children were divided into five groups according to their age(0-3 months,>3-6 months,>6-12 months,>12-36 months,and>36-60 months).Patients with and without fever were compared in terms of demography,indication for admission,route of temperature measurement,and other vital *** with the NICE Fever in the under 5s guideline was *** compliance was defined as>95%,partial compliance as 70%-95%,and minimal compliance as≤69%.Pearson’sχ^(2),Student’s t test,the Mann-Whitney U test,and Spearman’s correlation coefficient(rs)were used for *** Of the 136 patients reviewed,80(58.8%)were *** median age at admission was 14.2[interquartile range(IQR):1.7-44.4]months,with the most common age group being 36-60 ***-six(26.4%)patients had fever,and 100(73.6%)were *** commonest age group for febrile patients(>12-36 months)was older than the commonest age group for afebrile patients(0-3 months)(P=0.027).The median weight was 8.3(IQR:4.0-13.3)*** with fever had higher weight than those without fever[10.2(IQR:7.3-13.0)vs 7

关键词： Fever Pediatrics Admission patterns Temperature measurement Guidelines Bahrain

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Boundary layer flow of Maxwell fluid due to torsional motion of cylinder: modeling and simulation

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2020年第4期41卷 667-680页

作者： M.KHAN A.ahmed j.ahmed Department of Mathematics Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Basic Sciences University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila 47050Pakistan

This paper investigates the boundary layer flow of the Maxwell fluid around a stretchable horizontal rotating cylinder under the influence of a transverse magnetic *** constitutive flow equations for the current physical problem are modeled and analyzed for the first time in the *** torsional motion of the cylinder is considered with the constant azimuthal velocity *** partial differential equations(PDEs)governing the torsional motion of the Maxwell fluid together with energy transport are simplified with the boundary layer *** current analysis is valid only for a certain range of the positive Reynolds ***,for very large Reynolds numbers,the flow becomes ***,the governing similarity equations are simplified through suitable transformations for the analysis of the large Reynolds *** numerical simulations for the flow,heat,and mass transport phenomena are carried out in view of the bvp4c scheme in *** outcomes reveal that the velocity decays exponentially faster and reduces for higher values of the Reynolds numbers and the flow penetrates shallower into the free stream *** is also noted that the phenomenon of stress relaxation,described by the Deborah number,causes to decline the flow fields and enhance the thermal and solutal energy transport during the fluid *** penetration depth decreases for the transport of heat and mass in the fluid with the higher Reynolds *** excellent validation of the numerical results is assured through tabular data with the existing literature.

关键词： torsional motion Maxwell fluid magnetic field stretchable rotating cylinder bvp4c scheme

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Thermal analysis in swirl motion of Maxwell nanofluid over a rotating circular cylinder

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2020年第9期41卷 1417-1430页

作者： A.ahmed M.KHAN j.ahmed Department of Mathematics Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Basic Sciences University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila 47050Pakistan

In this paper,the mechanism of thermal energy transport in swirling flow of the Maxwell nanofluid induced by a stretchable rotating cylinder is *** rotation of the cylinder is kept constant in order to avoid the induced axially secondary ***,the novel features of heat generation/absorption,thermal radiation,and joule heating are studied to control the rate of heat *** effects of Brownian and thermophoretic forces exerted by the Maxwell nanofluid to the transport of thermal energy are investigated by utilizing an effective model for the nanofluid proposed by *** whole physical problem of fluid flow and thermal energy transport is modelled in the form of partial differential equations(PDEs)and transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations(ODEs)with the help of the suitable flow *** acquired results through the technique bvp4c are reported graphically with physical *** analysis reveals that there is higher transport of heat energy in the Maxwell nanoliquid for a constant wall temperature(CWT)as compared with the prescribed surface temperature(PST).Both thermophoretic and Brownian forces enhance the thermal energy transport in the flowing Maxwell ***,the temperature distribution increases with increasing values of the radiation parameter and the Eckert *** is also noted that an increase in Reynolds number reduces the penetration depth,and as a result the flow and transport of energy occur only near the surface of the cylinder.

关键词： Maxwell nanofluid rotating cylinder heat source/sink joule heating convective condition numerical solution

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Transient flow of magnetized Maxwell nanofluid: Buongiorno model perspective of Cattaneo-Christov theory

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2020年第4期41卷 655-666页

作者： M.KHAN A.ahmed j.ahmed Department of Mathematics Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Basic Sciences University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila 47050Pakistan

The present research article is devoted to studying the characteristics of Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass fluxes in the Maxwell nanofluid flow caused by a stretching sheet with the magnetic field *** Maxwell nanofluid is investigated with the impact of the Lorentz force to examine the consequence of a magnetic field on the flow characteristics and the transport of *** heat and mass transport mechanisms in the current physical model are analyzed with the modified versions of Fourier’s and Fick’s laws,***,the well-known Buongiorno model for the nanofluids is first introduced together with the Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass fluxes during the transient motion of the Maxwell *** governing partial differential equations(PDEs)for the flow and energy transport phenomena are obtained by using the Maxwell model and the Cattaneo-Christov theory in addition to the laws of *** transformations are used to convert the PDEs into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations(ODEs).The homotopic solution methodology is applied to the nonlinear differential system for an analytic *** results for the time relaxation parameter in the flow,thermal energy,and mass transport equations are discussed *** is noted that higher values of the thermal and solutal relaxation time parameters in the Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass fluxes decline the thermal and concentration fields of the ***,larger values of the thermophoretic force enhance the heat and mass transport in the ***,the Brownian motion of the nanoparticles declines the concentration field and increases the temperature *** validation of the results is assured with the help of numerical tabular data for the surface velocity gradient.

关键词： transient flow Cattaneo-Christov theory Maxwell nanofluid Buongiorno model homotopy analysis method (HAM) solution

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An Improved Study of Electronic Band Structure and Optical Parameters of X-Phosphides (X=B, Al, Ga, In) by Modified Becke-johnson Potential

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2012年第11期58卷 777-784页

作者： Masood Yousaf M.A. Saeed R. ahmed M.M. Alsardia Ahmad Radzi Mat isa A. Shaari Physics Department Faculty of ScienceUniversiti Teknologi MalaysiaUTM Skudai81310 JohorMalaysia

We report the electronic band structure and optical parameters of X-Phosphides （X=B, AI, Ga, In） by first-principles technique based on a new approximation known as modified Becke-johnson （roB j）. This potential is considered more accurate in elaborating excited states properties of insulators and semiconductors as compared to LDA and GGA. The present calculated band gaps values of BP, AlP, GaP, and InP are 1.867 eV, 2.268 eV, 2.090 eV, and 1.377 eV respectively, which are in close agreement to the experimental results. The band gap values trend in this study is as： E9 （mBj-GGA/LDA）〉 E9 （GGA）〉 Eg （LDA）. Optical parametric quantities （dielectric constant, refractive index, reflectivity and optical conductivity） which based on the band structure are aiso presented and discussed. BP, AlP, GaP, and InP have strong absorption in between the energy range 4-9 eV, 4-7 ev, 3-7 eV, and 2-7 eV respectively. Static dielectric constant, static refractive index and coefficient of reflectivity at zero frequency, within mBj-GGA, are also calculated. BP, AIP, GaP, and InP show significant optical conductivity in the range 5.2-10 eV, 4.3-8 eV, 3.5- 7.2 eV, and 3.2-8 eV respectively. The present study endorses that the said compounds can be used in opto-electronic applications, for different energy ranges.

关键词： DFT FP-LAPW + lo mBj-GGA optical properties electronic structure

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Rotational flow of Oldroyd-B nanofluid subject to Cattaneo-Christov double diffusion theory

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2020年第7期41卷 1083-1094页

作者： A.HAFEEZ M.KHAN A.ahmed j.ahmed Department of Mathematics Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Basic Sciences University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila 47050Pakistan

A nanofluid is composed of a base fluid component and nanoparticles, in which the nanoparticles are dispersed in the base fluid. The addition of nanoparticles into a base fluid can remarkably improve the thermal conductivity of the nanofluid, and such an increment of thermal conductivity can play an important role in improving the heat transfer rate of the base fluid. Further, the dynamics of non-Newtonian fluids along with nanoparticles is quite interesting with numerous industrial applications. The present predominately predictive modeling studies the flow of the viscoelastic Oldroyd-B fluid over a rotating disk in the presence of nanoparticles. A progressive amendment in the heat and concentration equations is made by exploiting the Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass flux expressions. The characteristic of the Lorentz force due to the magnetic field applied normal to the disk is studied. The Buongiorno model together with the Cattaneo-Christov theory is implemented in the Oldroyd-B nanofluid flow to investigate the heat and mass transport mechanism. This theory predicts the characteristics of the fluid thermal and solutal relaxation time on the boundary layer flow. The von K′arm′an similarity functions are utilized to convert the partial differential equations(PDEs) into ordinary differential equations(ODEs). A homotopic approach for obtaining the analytical solutions to the governing nonlinear problem is carried out. The graphical results are obtained for the velocity field, temperature, and concentration distributions. Comparisons are made for a limiting case between the numerical and analytical solutions, and the results are found in good agreement. The results reveal that the thermal and solutal relaxation time parameters diminish the temperature and concentration distributions, respectively. The axial flow decreases in the downward direction for higher values of the retardation time parameter. The impact of the thermophoresis parameter boosts the temperature di

关键词： Oldroyd-B nanofluid rotating disk magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) Cattaneo-Christov theory analytical solution

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Von Kármán rotating flow of Maxwell nanofluids featuring the Cattaneo-Christov theory with a Buongiorno model

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2020年第8期41卷 1195-1208页

作者： A.ahmed M.KHAN j.ahmed A.HAFEEZ Department of Mathematics Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Basic Sciences University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila 47050Pakistan

This research paper analyzes the transport of thermal and solutal energy in the Maxwell nanofluid flow induced above the disk which is rotating with a constant angular *** significant features of thermal and solutal relaxation times of fluids are studied with a Cattaneo-Christov double diffusion theory rather than the classical Fourier’s and Fick’s laws.A novel idea of a Buongiorno nanofluid model together with the Cattaneo-Christov theory is introduced for the first time for the Maxwell fluid flow over a rotating ***,the thermal and solutal distributions are controlled with the impacts of heat source and chemical *** classical von Karman similarities are used to acquire the non-linear system of ordinary differential equations(ODEs).The analytical series solution to the governing ODEs is obtained with the well-known homotopy analysis method(HAM).The validation of results is provided with the published results by the comparison *** graphically presented outcomes for the physical problem reveal that the higher values of the stretching strength parameter enhance the radial velocity and decline the circumferential *** increasing trend is noted for the axial velocity profile in the downward direction with the higher values of the stretching strength *** higher values of the relaxation time parameters in the Cattaneo-Christov theory decrease the thermal and solutal energy transport in the flow of Maxwell *** higher rate of the heat transport is observed in the case of a larger thermophoretic force.

关键词： Maxwell fluid nanoparticle Cattaneo-Christov theory rotating disk homotopy analysis method(HAM)

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Combined heat and mass transfer by mixed convection MHD flow along a porous plate with chemical reaction in presence of heat source

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2010年第10期31卷 1217-1230页

作者： j.ZUECO S.ahmed ETS Ingeniería Industrial Departamento de Ingeniería Térmicay FluidosUniversidad Politécnica de Cartagena Fluid Dynamics Research Department of MathematicsGoalpara College

An exact and a numerical solutions to the problem of a steady mixed convective MHD flow of an incompressible viscous electrically conducting fluid past an infinite vertical porous plate with combined heat and mass transfer are presented.A uniform magnetic field is assumed to be applied transversely to the direction of the flow with the consideration of the induced magnetic field with viscous and magnetic dissipations of *** porous plate is subjected to a constant suction velocity as well as a uniform mixed stream *** governing equations are solved by the perturbation technique and a numerical *** analytical expressions for the velocity field,the temperature field,the induced magnetic field,the skin-friction,and the rate of heat transfer at the plate are *** numerical results are demonstrated graphically for various values of the parameters involved in the *** effects of the Hartmann number,the chemical reaction parameter,the magnetic Prandtl number,and the other parameters involved in the velocity field,the temperature field,the concentration field,and the induced magnetic field from the plate to the fluid are *** increase in the heat source/sink or the Eckert number is found to strongly enhance the fluid velocity *** induced magnetic field along the x-direction increases with the increase in the Hartmann number,the magnetic Prandtl number,the heat source/sink,and the viscous *** is found that the flow velocity,the fluid temperature,and the induced magnetic field decrease with the increase in the destructive chemical *** of the study arise in the thermal plasma reactor modelling,the electromagnetic induction,the magnetohydrodynamic transport phenomena in chromatographic systems,and the magnetic field control of materials processing.

关键词： MHD perturbation technique network simulation method Eckert number mixed convection induced magnetic field viscous dissipation heat source/sink

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Three-dimensional simulation for problem of penetrative convection near the maximum density

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journal of Hydrodynamics 2015年第2期27卷 292-303页

作者： HARFASH Akil j. ALSHARA ahmed K. Department of Mathematics College of SciencesUniversity of Basrah Petroleum Department College of EngineeringUniversity of Misan

The problem of penetrative convection with the cubic and fifth-order equations of state proposed by Merker, Waas and Grigull is studied. Both linear instability and nonlinear stability analyses are performed to assess the suitability of linear theory to predict destabilisation of the convection. The validity of both the linear instability and global nonlinear energy stability thresholds are tested using three-dimensional simulation. The results show that the linear threshold accurately predicts the onset of instability in the basic steady state solution.

关键词： thermal convection linear instability nonlinear stability finite difference scheme

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Influence of biomass density and food to microorganisms ratio on the mixed culture type I methanotrophs enriched from activated sludge

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第8期30卷 87-96页

作者： ahmed AlSayed ahmed Fergala ahmed Eldyasti Department of Civil Engineering Lassonde School of Engineering York University

Methanotrophic based process can be the remedy to offset the wastewater treatment facilities increasing energy requirements due to methanotroph＇s unique ability to integrate methane assimilation with multiple biotechnological applications like biological nitrogen removal and methanol production. Regardless of the methanotrophic process end product, the challenge to maintain stable microbial growth in the methanotrophs cultivation bioreactor at higher cell densities is one of the major obstacles facing the process upscaling. Therefore, a series of consecutive batch tests were performed to attentively investigate the biomass density influence on type I methanotrophs bacterial growth. In addition, food to microorganisms（F/M）, carbon to nitrogen（C/N） and nitrogen to microorganisms（N/M） ratio effect on the microbial activity was studied for the first time. It was clarified that the F/M ratio is the most influencing factor on the microbial growth at higher biomass densities rather than the biomass density increase, whereas C/N and N/M ratio change, while using nitrate as the nitrogen source,does not influence methanotrophs microbial growth. These study results would facilitate the scaling up of methanotrophic based biotechnology by identifying that F/M ratio as the key parameter that influences methanotrophs cultivation at high biomass densities.

关键词： Methanotrophs Wastewater treatment Food to microorganisms ratio Biomass density

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