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Tuberculosis in the Carcinal Environment in Chad Due to the Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Circulante Complex

Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第2期12卷 214-224页

作者： ahmat idriss ahmat Mahamat Tahir Ngaré Hassan Ngandolo Bongo Nare Richard Mahamat Adanao Adoudou Mbah Ntepe Leonel Javeres Hamidou Yacoubou Ali Mahamat Moussa Laboratory for Diagnostic Research and Scientific Expertise University of N’Djamena N’Djamena Chad Veterinary and Zootechnical Research Laboratory of Farcha N’Djamena Livestock and Development Research Institute N’Djamena Chad Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies (IMPM) Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation Yaoundé Cameroon Cameroon Ministry of Public Health Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Human Health Sciences University of N’Djamena N’Djamena Chad

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease and its control is considered a challenge, particularly among vulnerable populations such as prisoners. The prevalence of TB in prisons is an alarming public health problem in many countries. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiology of tuberculosis and the strategies for controlling this disease in the Chadian prison population. During the course of our study, the prevalence of tuberculosis in prisons was 9.64%. The age group between 55 years and over (43.33%) was the most represented in this study, and all patients were men with a frequency of 62.66%. The cross-tabulation of Culture_7H9G and Culture_7H9P showed that out of our total positive sample, we found a total of 87 positive strains and 63 negative strains. Our study shows that it is essential to know the prevalence of tuberculosis in all the country’s prisons. Indeed, this can serve as an indication of the need for action in prisons to reduce TB rates, in particular by improving the structure of prison environments, diagnosing new cases quickly and accurately, identifying drug-resistant strains and implementing effective, direct treatment observed in people with tuberculosis.

关键词： Mycobacterium Prison Tuberculosis and Chad

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Different Species of Salmonella spp and Shigella spp and Their Risk of Infection in N’Djamena Chad

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第11期11卷 1-12页

作者： Mahamat Tahir N’garé Hassan ahmat idriss ahmat Yacoub Mahamat Allamine Abakar Lawane idriss Allagueryane Djimadinan Abderrazzack Adoum Foudda Ali Mahamat Moussa Laboratoire de Recherche Diagnostics et d’Expertises Scientifiques Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Prevention N’Djamena Tchad Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences des Aliments et Nutrition Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Humaine (FSSH) Université de N’Djamena N’Djamena Tchad Programme Sectoriel de Lutte Contre le Sida Université Touma&iuml N’Djamena Tchad Services Gastro-Entero-Hépatique Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Référence Nationale N’Djaména Tchad Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Humaine N’Djaména Tchad

Introduction: Salmonella and Shigella are gram-negative bacilli that are resistant to most antibiotics and play an important role in an etiology of diarrhea disease. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp and Shigella spp isolated from stool and blood samples in the city of N’Djamena. Materials and Method: This was a prospective study conducted in the four district hospitals of N’Djamena from 14 July 2022 to 31 December 2022. A questionnaire form was drawn up to collect the information sent to the study patients. The samples were analyzed at the CHU de la Mère et de l’Enfant, Labo-Redes laboratory according to their protocols and the standard of the antibiogram committee of the French microbiology society. Results: Of the 803 biological samples analyzed, 39 were positive for Salmonella spp and Shigella spp, including 15 for Salmonella and 24 for Shigella, giving an overall prevalence rate of 4.85%. Borehole water, uncooked food and lack of access to a latrine constitute a risk of being infected by Salmonella spp and Shigella spp species. Of the 8 antibiotics tested, Salmonella spp and Shigella spp strains showed good sensitivity to nalidixic acid (100% for Salmonella and 90 for Shigella) and to ciprofloxacin (90.9% for Salmonella and 75% for Shigella). Resistance to ampicillin was found in 81.81% of Salmonella species and 78.57% of Shigella species, as was resistance to chloramphenicol (81.81% of Salmonella species and 67.85% of Shigella species). Similarly, cleanliness of the service and equipment is an essential factor in preventing Salmonella and Shigella infections.

关键词： Salmonella Shigella Species Prevalence Antibiotics Resistance Chad

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Optimization of the Pretreatment of the Mixture of Cassava Peelings and Pineapple Fibers Using Response Surface Methodology and a Process Simulator for the Bioethanol Production

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Energy and Power Engineering 2024年第2期16卷 79-96页

作者： Paul Nestor Djomou Djonga George Elambo Nkeng Madjoyogo Hervé Sirma ahmat Tom Thierry Tchamba Tchuidjang Department of Textile and Leather Engineering National Advanced School of Engineering of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering University of Padova Padova Italy Institut du Génie des Systèmes Industriels et textiles Ecole Polytechnique de Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina-Faso Department of Energy Engineering University Institute of Technology University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Department of Process Engineering National Advanced School of Agro-Industrial Sciences University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon

The increase in oil prices and greenhouse gas emissions has led to the search for substitutes for fossil fuels. In Cameroon, the abundance of lignocellulosic resources is inherent to agricultural activity. Production of bioethanol remains a challenge given the crystallinity of cellulose and the presence of the complex. The pretreatment aimed to solubilize the lignin fraction and to make cellulose more accessible to the hydrolytic enzymes, was done using the organosolv process. A mathematical modeling was performed to point out the effect of the temperature on the kinetics of the release of the reducing sugars during the pretreatment. Two mathematical model was used, SAEMAN’s model and Response surface methodology. The first show that the kinetic parameters of the hydrolysis of the cellulose and reducing sugar are: 0.05089 min-1, 5358.1461 J·mol-1, 1383.03691 min-1, 51577.6100 J·mol-1 respectively. The second model was used. Temperature is the factor having the most positive influence whereas, ethanol concentration is not an essential factor. To release the maximum, an organosolv pre-treatment of this sub-strate should be carried out at 209.08°C for 47.60 min with an ethanol-water ratio of 24.02%. Organosolv pre-treatment is an effective process for delignification of the lignocellulosic structure.

关键词： Bioethanol Cassava Peeling Pineapple Fibers Organosolv Process and Optimization

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Composite Panels from the Combination of Rice Husk and Wood Chips with a Natural Resin Based on Tannins Reinforced with Sugar Cane Molasses Intended for Building Insulation: Physico-Mechanical and Thermal Properties

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2024年第2期12卷 19-30页

作者： Paul Nestor Djomou Djonga Rosellyne Serewane Deramne Gustave Assoualaye ahmat Tom Tégawendé Justin Zaida Department of Textile and Leather Engineering National Advanced School of Engineering of Maroua University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Bangui Bangui Central African Republic Department of Renewable Energy National Advanced School of Engineering of Maroua University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Department of Energy Engineering University Institute of Technology University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Institute of Industrial and Textile Systems Engineering Ecole Polytechnique de Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The objective of this work is to develop new biosourced insulating composites from rice husks and wood chips that can be used in the building sector. It appears from the properties of the precursors that rice chips and husks are materials which can have good thermal conductivity and therefore the combination of these precursors could make it possible to obtain panels with good insulating properties. With regard to environmental and climatic constraints, the composite panels formulated at various rates were tested and the physico-mechanical and thermal properties showed that it was essential to add a crosslinker in order to increase certain solicitation. an incorporation rate of 12% to 30% made it possible to obtain panels with low thermal conductivity, a low surface water absorption capacity and which gives the composite good thermal insulation and will find many applications in the construction and real estate sector. Finally, new solutions to improve the fire reaction of the insulation panels are tested which allows to identify suitable solutions for the developed composites. In view of the flame tests, the panels obtained are good and can effectively combat fire safety in public buildings.

关键词： Composite Panels Tannins Reinforced Sugar Cane Molasses Building Insulation Mechanical and Thermal Properties

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《凉州刺史陶使君纪功碑》的发现与初步研究

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考古与文物 2024年第4期 82-88页

作者：张坤孙立滨艾合买提西北大学文化遗产学院陕西省文物局西安交通大学人文社会科学学院哈密市文博院

《凉州刺史陶使君纪功碑》,位于新疆维吾尔自治区哈密市伊州区北50千米的焕彩沟内,是在《焕彩沟汉碑》碑身新发现的汉代铭文,也是新疆地区发现的第五块汉代碑刻,记载了东汉某任凉州刺史陶弘的有关情况。由于时代久远,岩面自然风化剥落严... 详细信息

《凉州刺史陶使君纪功碑》,位于新疆维吾尔自治区哈密市伊州区北50千米的焕彩沟内,是在《焕彩沟汉碑》碑身新发现的汉代铭文,也是新疆地区发现的第五块汉代碑刻,记载了东汉某任凉州刺史陶弘的有关情况。由于时代久远,岩面自然风化剥落严重,碑文残泐较多。但借助计算机图像处理,仍能识别部分铭文,该碑和《敦煌太守裴岑纪功碑》性质相同,属于纪功刻石,大概刊刻于汉廷第四次驻屯伊吾时期。

关键词：焕彩沟凉州刺史陶使君纪功碑

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Visceral Leishmaniasis at the National Reference University Hospital Center of N’Djamena (Chad): Epidemiological, Clinical, Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Prognostic Aspects

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第2期14卷 478-486页

作者： Joseph Mad-Toïngué Mahamat Ali ahmat Oumaïma Mahamat Djarma Alifa Adjibera Philippe Ali Mahamat Moussa Ngakoutou Rangar Choua Ouchemi Mahamat Ali Bolti Djiddi Ali Sougoudi Mamissou Didi Mahamat Doungous Atim Service des Maladies Infectieuses CHU de Référence Nationale N’Djamena Chad Service de Gastroentérologie et Médecine Interne CHU de Référence Nationale N’Djamena Chad Service de Pneumologie et Phtisiologie CHU de Référence Nationale N’Djamena Chad Service de Chirurgie viscérale CHU de Référence Nationale N’Djamena Chad Service de Médecine CHU de la Renaissance N’Djamena Chad

Introduction: leishmaniasis is a group of parasitic diseases caused by a parasite of the genus Leishmania transmitted by the bite of an infected vector called a sandfly. There are four forms. Visceral leishmaniasis is the most severe form. The aim of our work is to study the epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic aspects of the disease in the Infectious Diseases Department of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Référence Nationale in N'Djaména. Methodology: Patients were recruited on the basis of clinical signs suggestive of visceral leishmaniasis, i.e. prolonged fever, splenomegaly and altered general condition. Biological confirmation was performed with a rapid diagnostic test using recombinant K39 parasite antigen, which is known to have good specificity and sensitivity. Epidata version 3.1 software was used to process patient data. Results: From 05/04/21 to 15/12/23, 153 positive cases were managed. The mean age of patients was 18 years, with a sex ratio of 9.2. Of these patients, 103 (67.3%) had recently stayed at gold mining sites. Patients testing positive were treated with sodium stibogluconate combined with paromomycin for 17 days. The mortality rate was 13.2%. Conclusion: Leishmaniasis is a serious and little-known disease in Chad. In order to respond to the disease, it is necessary to reinforce the capacities of health structures and to carry out appropriate actions in the outbreaks.

关键词： Visceral Leishmaniasis Gold Mining Sites Chad

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正多边形微孔织构化端面密封性能数值计算

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机械设计与制造 2024年第2期396卷 83-87,93页

作者：耿军穆塔里夫·阿赫迈德殷润生新疆大学机械工程学院新疆乌鲁木齐830047 新疆大学电气工程学院新疆乌鲁木齐830047

针对表面织构提升机械密封端面的流体动压和密封性能的问题,提出了一种正多边形表面织构,通过建立正三边形、正四边形与正五边形织构的密封端面模型;利用数值模拟的方法计算了正三边形、正四边形与正五边形织构的密封端面的流体压力分布... 详细信息

针对表面织构提升机械密封端面的流体动压和密封性能的问题,提出了一种正多边形表面织构,通过建立正三边形、正四边形与正五边形织构的密封端面模型;利用数值模拟的方法计算了正三边形、正四边形与正五边形织构的密封端面的流体压力分布;研究了正多边形织构对机械密封的密封性能的影响规律。结果表明:当织构面积比S=(12~16)%,织构深度h_(p)≈3μm,密封间隙h_(0)≈2μm时,正三边形、正四边形与正五边形织构的密封端面的密封性能较好;正五边形织构与正三边形织构和正四边形织构相比,在高压一侧有较大的高压区域;正五边形织构相较于正三边形织构、正四边形织构有较好的密封性能。

关键词：正多边形表面织构动压润滑密封性能数值模拟

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Furans-Maleimides Diels-Alder Reactions in Protic Ionic Liquid

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2009年第2期25卷 161-168页

作者： XAWKAT ahmat ABLAJAN Keyume HIRAKU Shinozaki Department of Materials and Life Sciences Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology Tokyo Denki University Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xinjiang University

The authors have studied the Diels-Alder reactions between furan derivatives and maleimide derivatives in an ionic liquid and have found that higher reactivity can be obtained in a protic ionic liquid [Mim]Tf2N than in the conventional organic solvent. Furthermore, in the Diels-Alder reactions of 2- and 2,5-alkylfurans with N-alkylma- leimide, the reactivity increases by extending the alkyl chain length of N-alkylmaleimide. In addition, it was demon- strated that endo-selectivity increases when 2,5-disubstituted furans are used. These results will be explained by comparing the stability of the Diels-Alder adduct with that of the products obtained from the reactions of 2-substituted furans and 2,5-disubstituted furans.

关键词： Diels-Alder reaction Furan derivative Maleimide derivative Protic ionic liquid

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跨尺度复合织构化摩擦副端面密封性能分析

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润滑与密封 2024年第7期49卷 123-128页

作者：樊智超穆塔里夫·阿赫迈德张廷坤新疆大学电气工程学院新疆乌鲁木齐830047

在密封副的表面上引入大尺度的凹槽与小尺度微孔结合的跨尺度复合织构,提出椭圆形微孔与T形槽结合的复合织构化机械密封端面,并创建间隙液膜流体模型;根据质量守恒空化边界条件建立数学模型,采用有限单元法进行数值求解,研究不同长短轴... 详细信息

在密封副的表面上引入大尺度的凹槽与小尺度微孔结合的跨尺度复合织构,提出椭圆形微孔与T形槽结合的复合织构化机械密封端面,并创建间隙液膜流体模型;根据质量守恒空化边界条件建立数学模型,采用有限单元法进行数值求解,研究不同长短轴比的椭圆微孔分别与T形槽复合对密封性能的影响,确定最佳复合构型;对比分析不同工况参数下,不同织构化端面密封的开启力、泄漏量等密封性能的变化规律。结果表明:最佳复合构型为长短轴比1.8的椭圆微孔与T形槽复合,在相同工况参数下,相较单一织构,跨尺度复合织构化端面密封具有更强的动压润滑效应、更低的泄漏量、更高的开启力,综合密封性能最好。研究结果可应用于机械密封织构化摩擦副端面的设计及优化。

关键词：机械密封跨尺度复合织构空化算法密封性能

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Genome-wide Investigation of Germin-like Proteins and Functional Determination of SpGLP19 in Sesuvium Portulacastrum

Genome-wide Investigation of Germin-like Proteins and Functi...

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作者： Ousmane ahmat Souleymane 海南师范大学

学位级别：硕士

类萌发素蛋白(Germin-like protein,GLPs)是植物中一类胁迫响应蛋白,参与植物的多种生物与非生物胁迫应答反应过程,它与小麦(Triticum aestivum)的萌发素(germin)基因序列高度相似,是位于胞外基质的一种可溶性糖蛋白。海马齿是一种盐生... 详细信息

类萌发素蛋白(Germin-like protein,GLPs)是植物中一类胁迫响应蛋白,参与植物的多种生物与非生物胁迫应答反应过程,它与小麦(Triticum aestivum)的萌发素(germin)基因序列高度相似,是位于胞外基质的一种可溶性糖蛋白。海马齿是一种盐生植物,生长在热带沿海地区,为番杏科(Aizoaceae),海马齿属(***)的双子叶、多年沙生草本兼性盐生植物,因可以通过在细胞和组织中收集大量盐分,并在极高的盐度条件下存活,又被称为盐分收集器。为研究海马齿的耐盐机制并挖掘它的耐盐相关蛋白和基因,本研究运用多组学数据和生物信息学的分析手段对获得的海马齿GLPs基因家族进行鉴定分析,并对筛选到的SpGLP19家族成员进行了后续的转基因功能验证研究。主要研究内容及结果如下:1.在这项研究中,利用实验室前期获得的海马齿叶片响应不同浓度(0、300和600 mM)NaCl胁迫的双向电泳技术(2DE)的蛋白质组学数据,在鉴定到的96种盐响应蛋白中,筛选到了一种重要的盐响应候选蛋白,即类萌发素蛋白GLP,在2DE凝胶中的被鉴定到的该蛋白质位点为45、86、89和92。结果表明:这些蛋白位点对NaCl胁迫高度敏感,且在600 mM处理后显示显著增强的表达水平,提示可能在海马齿属植物中存在相似的GLP,在耐盐响应中起到重要作用,因此选择GLP基因进一步进行了基因家族分析,验证该蛋白在海马齿耐盐中调控的生物学功能。2.通过生物信息学的手段对海马齿的GLP家族成员进行全基因组分析鉴定,共有50个SpGLP基因被系统地鉴定,并分布在17条不同密度的染色体上,亚细胞定位预测显示这些GLP家族成员分布在细胞外。根据系统发育树分析,将海马齿、水稻和拟南芥中的GLP蛋白分为3大类(A、B和C),结果表明,这些GLP家族在功能和特征进化方面是高度多样化的。基于外显子-内含子组织分析发现,SpGLP成员具有相似的外显子-内含子结构,但内含子长度和外显子大小存在较大偏差,这为研究SpGLP成员之间的基因功能和进化关系提供了更多信息。采用多序列比对和保守基序分析研究表明SpGLP蛋白家族都具有来自萌发蛋白样蛋白家族的保守结构域。根据MEME online工具对这些保守基序的分析发现所有SpGLP成员序列中都存在cupin基序,而进化树同一分支中成员的保守基序分布更为相似,说明海马齿GLP的蛋白质具有相似的功能。通过对GLP家族的鉴定为海马齿耐盐性关键候选基因筛选提供了重要信息。另外,SpGLP基因在海马齿生长发育中可能起到不同作用,因此以海马齿不同组织和不同转录组数据以及不同盐度处理海马齿的转录组数据分析构建海马齿组织特异性和不同盐度的GLP基因表达模式,该部分数据为实验室所有,结果表明GLP基因成员在不同组织和时期中的表达水平存在一定差异,其中SpGLP26在成熟叶片中的丰度最高,SpGLP22、SpGLP37、SpGLP38、SpGLP39主要在嫩叶中表达,SpGLP49、SpGLP40、SpGLP42在幼茎中的表达水平最高。值得注意的是,SpGLP19在对照组叶片中的表达量较低,而它是在不同浓度的NaCl处理后诱导的表达水平随NaCl浓度的增加而增加,这可能表明SpGLP19在对盐的响应中起作用,后面结合生理生化和分子生物学方法对海马齿盐进行胁迫实验筛选关键候选耐盐基因进行表达量验证。3.对不同盐梯度(0、300和600 mM)处理下的海马齿进行逆境胁迫的生理指标测定和对筛选的几个候选基因进行qRT-PCR实验验证。结果显示随着海马齿植株盐度胁迫增加,对照组株高与300 mM NaCl胁迫无显著差异,600 mM NaCl胁迫时显著降低;而叶绿素和含水量先上升后下降,丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量含量显著上升,可溶性糖含量无显著变化,表明一定盐度范围内的海马齿仍可正常生长,当超过300 mM NaCl的胁迫才开始对海马齿生长产生影响,这已经远高于模拟的海水浓度(200 mM NaCl)的生长值。此外,选取的几个候选基因的qRT-PCR的结果表明:SpGLP19、SpGLP22、SpGLP26、SpGLP38、SpGLP50、SpGLP36的荧光定量结果与转录组测序结果基本一致,证明了该测序的高可靠性,其中的SpGLP19基因表达量不同盐度胁迫后与对照相比,分别显著增加了4倍和8倍,进一步表明SpGLP19在对盐的响应中可能起到关键作用,因此以SpGLP19作为候选基因构建过表达载体进行后续的拟南芥转基因功能验证实验。4.构建了海马齿盐胁迫响应候选基因SpGLP19的植物过表达载体,以模式植物拟南芥为材料进行遗传转化实验获得转基因拟南芥种子,通过培养基抗性筛选和目的条带扩增获得阳性株的T3代种子,分别进行培养基和土培的盐胁迫

关键词：类萌发素蛋白组学分析基因家族盐胁迫响应海马齿

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