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Structural and optical analysis of Cr_2N thin films prepared by DC magnetron sputtering

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2015年第2期22卷 197-202页

作者： Shakil Khan A.Mahmood A.shah Qaiser Raza Muhammad Asim Rasheed Ishaq ahmad Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences National Institute of Laser and Optronics (NILOP) National Centre for Physics Quaid-i-Azam University

Chromium nitride （Cr2N） thin films were prepared by a DC magnetron sputtering technique. The deposition temperature was raised from 50 to 300℃, and its influence on the film structure and refractive index was investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the crystalline strucure of the films transforms from the （101） to （002） oriented hexagonal CrzN phase as the increase of substrate tempera- ture above 50℃, and a highly texatred film grows at 100℃. An empirical relation between the crystalline orientation and infrared active modes of the films is obtained, i.e., the Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectrum of the film prepared at 50℃ exhibits only A1 （TO） mode. The prominent peak in the FTIR spectra of the film prepared above 50℃is assigned to the E1 （TO） mode and is correlated with the （002） or c-axis oriented hexagonal wurtzite phase of Cr2N. In the surface analysis of atomic force microscopy, a transformation from the featureless surface to columnar-type morphology is observed with the increase of substrate temperature from 50 to 100℃, exhibiting c-axis oriented crystallite growth. A further increase in substrate temperature to 200℃ causes the c-axis crystallites to merge, resulting in the formation of voids. The refractive index （n） of the deposited films is obtained using spectroscopic ellipsometry.

关键词： chromium nitride thin films magnetron sputtering structural analysis optical analysis refractive index

The Discovery of the Banda Bend,a>2000 km-wide Tectonically Formed Extensional Bend in Eastern Indonesia,Southeast Asia

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第S1期98卷 53-57页

作者： Afroz ahmad shah Muhammad Gazali RACHMAN Ashar Muda LUBIS Geosciences Programme Faculty of ScienceUniversity Brunei DarussalamBE1410Brunei Universitas Pembangunan Nasional“Veteran” Yogyakarta55283Indonesia Geophysics Study Program Department of PhysicsUniversity of BengkuluIndonesia

The Weber Deep represents a widespread crustal extension system in eastern Indonesia with a huge submarine normal fault system,the Banda Detachment,related to the slab rollback tectonic model(Spakman and Hall,2010;Cummins et al.,2020).However,the cause of tectonic extension remains debated(e.g.,Audley-Charles et al.,1972;McCaffrey,1988;Das,2004;Spakman and Hall,2010;Pownall et al.,2013;Cummins et al.,2020;Hutchings and Mooney,2021;shah et al.,2023).

关键词： tectonic Eastern crustal

Synthesis of surface imprinted polymers based on wrinkled flower-like magnetic graphene microspheres with favorable recognition ability for BSA

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第15期74卷 203-215页

作者： Zuoting Yang Ke Yang Yuhong Cui Tariq shah Mudasir ahmad Qiuyu Zhang Baoliang Zhang School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710129China Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Porous Materials Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072China Sunresins New Materials Co.Ltd. Xi'an710072China

Nowadays,the employing of molecular imprinting technique in the analysis and separation of proteins from complex biological samples has been widely favored by *** enrich the types of surface protein imprinted materials and expand the application fields of graphene materials,novel surface molecular imprinted polymers(MIPs)based on magnetic graphene microspheres Fe_(3)O_(4)@r GO@MIPs are first synthesized in this ***_(3)O_(4)@r GO@MIPs are prepared by oxidative self-polymerization of dopamine on the surface of magnetic graphene(Fe_(3)O_(4)@r GO)composite *** serum albumin(BSA)is selected as protein ***_(3)O_(4)@r GO microspheres with wrinkled flower-like structure are obtained by compounding Fe_(3)O_(4)and graphene oxide in an appropriate ratio via the method of high-temperature reduction *** microspheres exhibit promising dispersibility,high external surface area,rich pore structure,and sufficient magnetic *** advantages not only prevent the agglomeration of imprinted microspheres in the aqueous phase,which is conducive to contact and static adsorption,but also increase the amount of protein ***,sufficient magnetic properties ensure fast and effective separation of the *** the adsorption capacity is increased,the separation procedure becomes *** binding capacity of Fe_(3)O_(4)@r GO@MIPs for BSA can reach 317.58 mg/g within 60 min,and the imprinting factor(IF)is *** importantly,Fe_(3)O_(4)@r GO@MIPs can specifically recognize the target BSA from the mixed proteins and the actual *** is no significant decrease in the adsorption amount,IF,and magnetic properties after eight *** is promising to be used in the separation of proteins from the actual biological samples.

关键词： Wrinkled Flower-like Magnetic graphene microspheres Dopamine BSA Surface protein imprinting

Synthesis of titanium oxycarbonitride by carbothermal reduction and nitridation of ilmenite with recycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2017年第4期24卷 444-454页

作者： Eltefat ahmadi ahmad Fauzi Hashim Hussin Norlia Baharun Kamar shah Ariffin Sheikh Abdul Rezan School of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia Engineering Campus 14300 Nibong Tebal Penang Malaysia

An innovative and sustainable carbothermal reduction and nitridation(CTRN) process of ilmenite(FeTiO_3) using a mixture of polyethylene terephthalate(PET) and coal as the primary reductant under an H_2–N_2 atmosphere was proposed. The use of PET as an alternative source of carbon not only enhances the porosity of the pellets but also results in the separation of Fe from titanium oxycarbonitride(TiOxCyNz) particles because of the differences in surface tension. The experiments were carried out at 1250°C for 3 h using four different PET contents ranging from 25wt% to 100wt% in the reductant. X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) in conjunction with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX),and LECO elemental analysis were used to study the phases and microstructures of the reduced samples. In the case of 75wt% PET,iron distinctly separated from the synthesized Ti OxCyNz phase. With increasing PET content in the sample,the reduction and nitridation rates substantially increased. The synthesis of an oxycarbonitride with stoichiometry of TiO_(0.02)C_(0.13)N_(0.85) with minimal intermediate titanium sub-oxides was achieved. The results also showed that the iron particles formed from CTRN of FeTiO_3 exhibited a spherical morphology,which is conducive for Fe removal via the Becher process.

关键词： carbothermal reduction nitridation polyethylene terephthalate titanium oxycarbonitride ilmenite

Accelerated Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Efficient Cluster Head Selection in WSN

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第6期79卷 3585-3629页

作者： Imtiaz ahmad Tariq Hussain Babar shah Altaf Hussain Iqtidar Ali Farman Ali Institute of Computer Sciences and Information Technology The University of AgriculturePeshawarPakistan School of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang Gongshang UniversityHangzhouChina College of Technological Innovation Zayed UniversityDubaiUnited Arab Emirates School of Computer Science and Technology Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing400065China Department of Applied AI School of ConvergenceCollege of Computing and InformaticsSungkyunkwan UniversitySeoul03063South Korea

Numerous wireless networks have emerged that can be used for short communication ranges where the infrastructure-based networks may fail because of their installation and *** of them is a sensor network with embedded sensors working as the primary nodes,termed Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs),in which numerous sensors are connected to at least one Base Station(BS).These sensors gather information from the environment and transmit it to a BS or gathering *** have several challenges,including throughput,energy usage,and network lifetime *** strategies have been applied to get over these *** may,therefore,be thought of as the best way to solve such ***,it is crucial to analyze effective Cluster Head(CH)selection to maximize efficiency throughput,extend the network lifetime,and minimize energy *** paper proposed an Accelerated Particle Swarm Optimization(APSO)algorithm based on the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy(LEACH),Neighboring Based Energy Efficient Routing(NBEER),Cooperative Energy Efficient Routing(CEER),and Cooperative Relay Neighboring Based Energy Efficient Routing(CR-NBEER)*** the help of APSO in the implementation of the WSN,the main methodology of this article has taken *** simulation findings in this study demonstrated that the suggested approach uses less energy,with respective energy consumption ranges of 0.1441 to 0.013 for 5 CH,1.003 to 0.0521 for 10 CH,and 0.1734 to 0.0911 for 15 *** sending packets ratio was also raised for all three CH selection scenarios,increasing from 659 to *** number of dead nodes likewise dropped for the given combination,falling between 71 and *** network lifetime was deemed to have risen based on the results found.A hybrid with a few valuable parameters can further improve the suggested APSO-based *** to underwater,WSN can make use of the proposed *** overall results have been evaluated and

关键词： Wireless sensor network cluster head selection low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy accelerated particle swarm optimization

Bed planting of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)improves nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield compared to flat planting

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The Crop Journal 2015年第2期3卷 118-124页

作者： Abdul Majeed Atif Muhmood Abid Niaz shahid Javid Zahid Ashfaq ahmad Syed shahid Hussain shah Asrar Hussain shah Soil Chemistry Section Institute of Soil Chemistry and Environmental Sciences Ayub Agricultural Research Institute

Conventional flat planting is commonly used for growing wheat in Pakistan and the crop is irrigated by flood irrigation, but it leads to ineffective use of applied nitrogen owing to poor aeration and leaching and volatilization losses. The practice also results in greater crop lodging, lower water use efficiency, and crusting of the soil surface. In contrast, bed planting of wheat not only saves water but improves fertilizer use efficiency and grain yield. Three years of pooled data from the present study showed that wheat planting on beds and nitrogen application at 120 kg ha-1produced 15.06% higher grain yield than flat planting at the same nitrogen rate. Similarly, 25.04%, 15.02%, 14.59%, and 29.83% higher nitrogen uptake, nitrogen use, and agronomic and recovery efficiencies, respectively, were recorded for bed compared to flat planting. Wheat planting on beds with a nitrogen application of80 kg ha-1gave a yield similar to that of flat planting with 120 kg ha-1nitrogen. However,the economic return was 29% higher in bed planting as compared to flat planting, when nitrogen was applied at 120 kg ha-1.

关键词： Bed and flat planting N uptake N use efficiency Grain yield

Effect of Sb-doping on martensitic transformation and magnetocaloric effect in Mn-rich Mn50Ni40Sn10-Sb( = 1, 2, 3, and 4) alloys

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Chinese Physics B 2017年第1期26卷 444-448页

作者： Ishfaq ahmad shah Najam ul Hassan Jun Liu Yuanyuan Gong Guizhou Xu Feng Xu Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro ＆ Nano Materials and Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China

We investigate the influence of Sb-doping on the martensitic transformation and magnetocaloric effect in Mn（50）Ni（40）Sn（10-x）Sbx（x = 1, 2, 3, and 4） alloys. All the prepared samples exhibit a B2-type structure with the space group F m3 m at room temperature. The substitution of Sb increases the valence electron concentration and decreases the unit cell volume. As a result, the magnetostructural transformation shifts rapidly towards higher temperatures as x *** changes in magnetic entropy under different magnetic field variations are explored around this transformation. The isothermal magnetization curves exhibit typical metamagnetic behavior, indicating that the magnetostructural transformation can be induced by a magnetic field. The tunable martensitic transformation and magnetic entropy changes suggest that Mn（50）Ni（40）Sn（10-x）Sbx alloys are attractive candidates for applications in solid-state refrigeration.

关键词： Mn-rich Heusler alloys martensitic transformation magnetocaloric effect magnetic entropy change

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2014年后中国介入阿富汗的机遇与挑战

2014年后中国介入阿富汗的机遇与挑战

作者： Mokhtar ahmad ahmadzai 吉林大学

学位级别：硕士

中国作为和平崛起的新兴大国,需要和平与稳定的周边环境。阿富汗的不确定性对地区安全产生了很多负面影响,而中国的崛起和“2050年中国梦”的实现需要阿富汗实现和平与稳定。长期以来,阿富汗面临着严峻的恐怖主义和治安形势,阿富汗局势... 详细信息

中国作为和平崛起的新兴大国,需要和平与稳定的周边环境。阿富汗的不确定性对地区安全产生了很多负面影响,而中国的崛起和“2050年中国梦”的实现需要阿富汗实现和平与稳定。长期以来,阿富汗面临着严峻的恐怖主义和治安形势,阿富汗局势也是中国的重要关切,中国在阿富汗具有战略、经济和政治利益。2014年,美军开始逐步撤出阿富汗,这既给中国进一步介入阿富汗带来了机遇,同时也带来了挑战。本文主要研究了中国在2014年后加大介入阿富汗力度的原因,以及中国在介入过程中面临哪些机遇和挑战?在“后2014时代”的阿富汗,中国对阿富汗的外交政策主要包括四点:一是努力实现和平,二是发展经济,三是加强治理,四是获得国际支持。中国致力于重建这个饱受战争蹂躏的国家,为其提供人道主义援助,中国还是阿富汗的第一大外部投资国。中国努力将阿富汗纳入“一带一路”倡议,为其提供巨额援助,帮助它建设经济、加强国防,为其官员提供培训设施以加强制度建设等。中国在阿富汗和平进程中也发挥着非常重要的作用,中国始终支持“阿人主导、阿人所有”的和平进程,加上中国良好的国际形象,所有相关方都对中国表示信任,中国在该地区发挥了非常重要的角色。但同时中国也面临着许多挑战,比如恐怖主义活动的肆虐及地区和域外国家的干预等方面。本文根据主题内容共分为五章。第一章导论部分简要介绍了相关问题,指出了现有研究的不足以及本研究的重要性。此外,第一章还讨论了本文的研究目标、研究问题、研究方法、理论框架和文献综述等。第二章是中国介入阿富汗的历史概况,主要介绍了中国介入阿富汗的具体情况,梳理了中国参与阿富汗事务的不同层面,以及美国撤军造成的“后2014时代”的背景。在阿富汗的“后2014时代”,中国外交政策主要调整为加强在阿富汗和平进程、制度建设、经济援助、外国直接投资等方面的作用并提高阿富汗的国防能力。阿富汗的地缘战略和经济价值,以及中国在阿富汗的巨额投资,反映了两国都希望进一步加强在经济和国防等领域的双边关系与合作。目前一些中国企业在阿富汗不同地区参与了很多重要的经济和重建项目,中国已成为阿富汗第一大外部投资国,中国的投资主要集中在矿产和能源领域,这对阿富汗在战乱后实现和平、稳定与繁荣具有十分积极的意义。第三章探讨了中国介入阿富汗面临的机遇。中国在阿富汗的大规模经济投资对实现阿富汗的和平、繁荣和持久稳定至关重要。中国在阿富汗的部分经济利益与一些外国势力相抵触,但由于中国在阿富汗的温和形象及其秉持的和平共处五项原则,使得中国对其他利益相关者也具有一定影响力。中国在阿富汗的做法与美国及其西方盟友不同。美国及其盟友认为,和平可以给阿富汗带来经济发展和繁荣,中国则认为经济发展可能推动阿富汗实现和平、稳定与繁荣。就这一点而言,在阿富汗作战的美国和其他西方国家相对忽视了中国在阿富汗发挥的作用,而这一点对于恢复阿富汗的和平与安全至关重要,因为贫困和缺乏经济机会会导致包括阿富汗在内的其他国家处于冲突和无政府状态,这也是恐怖主义在阿富汗不断发展的重要原因,因为恐怖组织在一个贫穷的社会里很容易招募到人员。中国的经济支持和援助不仅是振兴阿富汗衰弱经济的必要力量,而且也有助于减少阿富汗对美国和西方援助的依赖。第四章探讨了中国在阿富汗所面临的挑战。本章批判性地分析了美国从阿富汗撤军所带来的挑战。阿富汗正面临长期动荡、恐怖主义、外国占领、国家制度薄弱、内战和严重的经济不稳定,美国宣布从阿富汗撤军造成了“真空”状态,为阿富汗乃至整个地区带来了很多安全挑战。美国作为中国在地区和全球政治中的主要竞争对手,它对中国的项目和利益存在不安全感,加上恐怖主义势力、治安形势、代理人战争、地区和域外国家的权力政治、阿富汗经济的低縻及政府能力的不足等,都是影响中国介入阿富汗的一些主要挑战。在这种背景下,虽然2014年以来中阿关系发展良好,但仍存在诸多深层次的问题,特别是安全局势的发展成为中国的重要关切。第五章是本文的结论与建议部分。本章对上述各章节的讨论进行了总结,并就如何解决这些问题,从而使中国在阿富汗的参与更加强大和互惠提出了一些具体的建议。

关键词：中国阿富汗美国恐怖主义国家重建

Satellite Data-based Structural Mapping Reveals Active Panjal Traps Fault(PTF)in Kashmir,NW Himalaya

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第S1期98卷 58-61页

作者： Afroz ahmad shah Muhammad Gazali RACHMAN Anushka VASHISTHA Ajay DASHORA Geosciences Programme Faculty of ScienceUniversity Brunei DarussalamBE1410Brunei Universitas Pembangunan Nasional“Veteran” Yogyakarta 55283Indonesia Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology GuwahatiAssam 781039India

Exploring the evidence for unidentified earthquake-causing faults in the orogenic zones,and primarily the interior parts(shah,2013),has been an ongoing quest for centuries(Willis,1923;Baker et al.,1988;Yeats et al.,1992;Wesnousky et al.,1999;Malik et al.,2010;Coudurier-Curveur et al.,2020;shah et al.,2020).These faults are potentially dangerous due to their unknown risk and deformation budget,two of the most important aspects of mapping and understanding the vulnerability and hazards associated with active faults.

关键词： gravitational tectonics active tectonics normal faults deformation domains Himalaya