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Design and Analysis of mEmS Based aluminum Nitride (alN), Lithium Niobate (LiNbO<sub>3</sub>) and Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Cantilever with Different Substrate materials for Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvesters Using COmSOL multiphysics Software

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2019年第4期9卷 181-197页

作者： ahmad m.alsaad ahmad A.ahmad Qais m.al-Bataineh Nermeen S.Daoud mais H.Khazaleh Department of Physical Sciences Jordan University of Science and TechnologyIrbidJordan Department of Physics Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Hafr Al-BatinHafr Al-BatinSaudi Arabia

Interest in energy harvesters has grown rapidly over the last decade. The cantilever shaped piezoelectric energy harvesting beam is one of the most employed designs, due to its simplicity and flexibility for further performance enhancement. The research effort in the mEmS Piezoelectric vibration energy harvester designed using three types of cantilever materials, Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3), aluminum Nitride (alN) and Zinc Oxide (ZnO) with different substrate materials: aluminum, steel and silicon using COmSOL multiphysics package were designed and analyzed. Voltage, mechanical power and electrical power versus frequency for different cantilever materials and substrates were modeled and simulated using Finite element method (FEm). The resonant frequencies of the LiNbO3/al, alN/al and ZnO/al systems were found to be 187.5 Hz, 279.5 Hz and 173.5 Hz, respectively. We found that ZnO/al system yields optimum voltage and electrical power values of 8.2 V and 2.8 mW, respectively. For ZnO cantilever on aluminum, steel and silicon substrates, we found the resonant frequencies to be 173.5 Hz, 170 Hz and 175 Hz, respectively. Interestingly, ZnO/steel yields optimal voltage and electrical power values of 9.83 V and 4.02 mW, respectively. Furthermore, all systems were studied at different differentiate frequencies. We found that voltage and electrical power have increased as the acceleration has increased.

关键词： mEmS Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Cantilever Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3) aluminum Nitride (alN) Zinc Oxide (ZnO) aluminium Substrate Steel Substrate Silicon Substrate COmSOL Finite Element method

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Affective State Recognition Using Thermal-Based Imaging: A Survey

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2021年第4期37卷 47-62页

作者： mustafa m.m.al Qudah ahmad S.A.mohamed Syaheerah L.Lutfi School of Computer Sciences Universiti Sains MalaysiaPenang11800Malaysia

The thermal-based imaging technique has recently attracted the attention of researchers who are interested in the recognition of human affects dueto its ability to measure the facial transient temperature, which is correlated withhuman affects and robustness against illumination changes. Therefore, studieshave increasingly used the thermal imaging as a potential and supplemental solution to overcome the challenges of visual (RGB) imaging, such as the variation oflight conditions and revealing original human affect. moreover, the thermal-basedimaging has shown promising results in the detection of psychophysiological signals, such as pulse rate and respiration rate in a contactless and noninvasive *** paper presents a brief review on human affects and focuses on the advantages and challenges of the thermal imaging technique. In addition, this paper discusses the stages of thermal-based human affective state recognition, such asdataset type, preprocessing stage, region of interest (ROI), feature descriptors,and classification approaches with a brief performance analysis based on a number of works in the literature. This analysis could help beginners in the thermalimaging and affective recognition domain to explore numerous approaches usedby researchers to construct an affective state system based on thermal imaging.

关键词： Thermal-based imaging affective state recognition spontaneous emotion feature extraction and classification

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Sufficiency and Duality for Nonsmooth Interval-Valued Optimization Problems via Generalized Invex-Infine Functions

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Journal of the Operations Research Society of China 2023年第3期11卷 505-527页

作者： Izhar ahmad Krishna Kummari S.al-Homidan Department of mathematics and Statistics King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahran31261Saudi Arabia Department of mathematics School of ScienceGITAMHyderabad CampusHyderabad502329India

In this paper,a new concept of generalized-affineness type of functions is *** class of functions is more general than some of the corresponding ones discussed in Chuong(Nonlinear Anal Theory methods Appl 75:5044–5052,2018),Sach et al.(J Global Optim 27:51–81,2003)and Nobakhtian(Comput math Appl 51:1385–1394,2006).These concepts are used to discuss the sufficient optimality conditions for the interval-valued programming problem in terms of the limiting/mordukhovich subdifferential of locally Lipschitz ***,two types of dual problems,namely mond–Weir type and mixed type duals are formulated for an interval-valued programming problem and usual duality theorems are *** results improve and generalize the results appeared in Kummari and ahmad(UPB Sci Bull Ser A 82(1):45–54,2020).

关键词： mordukhovich subdifferential Locally Lipschitz functions Generalized invex-infine function Interval-valued programming LU-optimal Constraint qualifications Duality

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Impact of Fenton and ozone on oxidation of wastewater containing nitroaromatic compounds

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第6期20卷 675-682页

作者： Fares al momani mo’ayyad Shawaqfah ahmad Shawaqfeh mohammad al-Shannag Chemical Engineering Department Mutah University Civil and Environmental Engineering Department Mu tah University Faculty of Engineering Technology Al-Balqa Applied University

Fenton and ozone treatment was investigated at laboratory scale for the degradation of aqueous solutions of nitrobenzene （NB）. Effects of reactants concentration （O3, H2O2, and Fe（Ⅱ））, temperature, and pH on NB degradation were monitored. Reaction kinetic of these processes was also assessed. A rapid reaction took place for Fenton process at higher initial concentration of H2O2, higher temperatures, and more acidic conditions （pH 3）. Similarly, ozonation reaction exhibited rapid rates for higher ozone dose, higher temperatures, and more basic conditions （pH 11）. Complete NB degradation in 65 min was achieved using Fenton process. The conditions of complete elimination of 100 mg/L of initial NB concentration, were 250 mg/L of H202 concentration, pH 3, and 10 mg/L of Fe（Ⅱ） concentration. Under these conditions, 55% organic carbon elimination was achieved. Total organic carbon mineralization was attained in 240 rain reaction time by Fenton process with 900 mg/L of H202 concentration, and 30 mg/L of Fe（Ⅱ） concentration. Fenton reaction showed a pseudo-first order kinetic; the reaction rate constant was ranged from 0.0226 to 0.0658 min^-1. Complete NB degradation was also achieved for an ozone dose of the order of 2.5 g/L. The ozonation was studied at different ozone doses, different initial pH （7-11） and at different temperatures （15-35℃）. NB ozonation kinetic was represented by a bi-molecular kinetic model which was reduced to pseudo-first order kinetic. The pseudo-first order reaction rate constant was determined to increase at 20℃ from 0.004 to 0.020 min^-1 as the used ozone increased from 0.4 to 1.9 g/L.

关键词： nitro-aromatics chemical oxidation organic matter content

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Effects of a low-radiotoxicity uranium salt(uranyl acetate) on biochemical and hematological parameters of the catfish,Clarias gariepinus

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2016年第1期34卷 109-117页

作者： Khalid.A.al-GHANIm Zubair ahmad Hmoud F.al-Kahem.al-BalAWI Fahad al-mISNED Shahid mABOOB El-Amin m.SULImAN Department of Zoology College of ScienceP.O.Box 2455King Saud University

Specimens of Clarias gariepinus were treated with lethal(70,75,80,85,90,and 95 mg/L) and sub-lethal concentrations(8,12 and 16 mg/L) of uranyl acetate,a low-radiotoxicity uranium salt. The LC 50 value was registered as 81.45 mg/L. The protein and glycogen concentrations in liver and muscles were decreased in the fish exposed to sub-lethal concentrations. The red blood cell(RBC) and white blood cell(WBC) counts,haemoglobin(Hb) concentration and haematocrit(Hct) values were decreased. Different blood indices like mean corpuscular volume(mCV),mean corpuscular haemoglobin(mCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration(mCHC) were negatively affected. Level of plasma glucose was elevated whereas protein was decreased. The level of calcium concentration(Ca) was declined in the blood of exposed fish whereas magnesium(mg) remains unchanged. The activity level of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(GPT) was elevated in exposed fish. These effects were more pronounced in the last period of exposure and in higher concentrations. Results of the present study indicate that uranyl acetate has adverse effects on C larias gariepinus and causes changes in the biochemical and hematological parameters of the fish.

关键词： Clarias gariepinus uranyl acetate sub-lethal concentration biochemical and haematological parameters

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Physical origin of observed nonlinearities in Poly(1-naphthyl methacrylate):Using a single transistor–transistor logic modulated laser beam

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Chinese Physics B 2013年第11期22卷 331-336页

作者： Qusay m.A.Hassan Hussain A.Badran alaa Y.al-ahmad Chassib A.Emshary Department of Physics College of Education University of Basrah

A thermal lens technique is adopted using a single modulated continuous wave （cw） 532-nm laser beam to evaluate the nonlinear refractive index n2, and the thermo-optic coefficient dn/dT, in polymer Poly （1-naphthyl methacrylate）（P-1-Nm） dissolved in chloroform, tetrahydrofuran （THF）, and dimethyl sulfoxide （DmSO） solvents. The results are compared with Z-scan and diffraction ring techniques. The comparison reveals the effectiveness and the simplicity of the TTL modulation technique. The physical origin is discussed for the obtained results.

关键词： nonlinear refractive index thermo-optic coefficient self-phase modulation nonlinear optics

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Fungal dysbiosis predicts the diagnosis of pediatric Crohn's disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第39期24卷 4510-4516页

作者： mohammad I El mouzan Kirill S Korolev mohammad A al mofarreh Rajita menon Harland S Winter ahmad A al Sarkhy Scot E Dowd ahmad m.al Barrag Asaad A Assiri Department of Pediatrics King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11461Saudi Arabia Department of Pediatrics Supervisor of Prince Abdullah Bin Khalid Celiac Disease Research ChairKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11461Saudi Arabia Bioinformatics Program Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215United States al mofarreh PolyClinic Riyadh 11423Saudi Arabia massGeneral Hospital for Children BostonMA 02114United States mRDNA ShallowaterTX 79363United States Department of microbiology King Saud UniversityRiyadh 11461Saudi Arabia

AIm To investigate the accuracy of fungal dysbiosis inmucosa and stool for predicting the diagnosis of Crohn's disease(CD). mETHODS Children were prospectively enrolled in two medical centers: one university hospital and one private gastroenterology clinic in the city of Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The children with confirmed diagnosis of CD by standard guidelines were considered cases, and the others were considered non-inflammatory bowel disease controls. mucosal and stool samples were sequenced utilizing Illumina miSeq chemistry following the manufacturer's protocols, and abundance and diversity of fungal taxa in mucosa and stool were analyzed. Sparse logistic regression was used to predict the diagnosis of CD. The accuracy of the classifier was tested by computing the receiver operating characteristic curves with 5-fold stratified cross-validation under 100 permutations of the training data partition and the mean area under the curve(AUC) was calculated. RESULTS all the children were Saudi nationals. There were 15 children with CD and 20 controls. The mean age was 13.9(range: 6.7-17.8) years for CD children and 13.9(3.25-18.6) years for controls, and 10/15(67%) of the CD and 13/20(65%) of the control subjects were boys. CD locations at diagnosis were ileal(L1) in 4 and colonic(L3) in 11 children, while CD behavior was non-stricturing and non-penetrating(B1) in 12 and stricturing(B2) in 3 children. The mean AUC for the fungal dysbiosis classifier was significantly higher in stools(AUC = 0.85 ± 0.057) than in mucosa(AUC = 0.71 ± 0.067)(P most fungal species were significantly more depleted in stools than mucosal samples, except for Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S. bayanus, which were significantly more abundant. Diversity was significantly more reduced in stools than in mucosa. CONCLUSION We found high AUC of fungal dysbiosis in fecal samples of children with CD, suggesting high accuracy in predicting diagnosis of CD.

关键词： Fungiome mycobiome Crohn’s disease Inflammation Saudi children

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Six minute Walk Test to assess functional capacity in chronic liver disease patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第29期13卷 3996-4001页

作者： Hatem F alameri Faisal m Sanai manal al Dukhayil Nahla A Azzam Khalid A al-Swat ahmad S Hersi Ayman A Abdo Unit of Pulmonary medicine Department of Medicine King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia Hepatology Division Department of Medicine Riyadh Military Hospital Riyadh Saudi Arabia Unit of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia

AIm: To examine the utility of Six minute Walk Test (6mWT) in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). mETHODS: Two hundred and fifty subjects between the ages of 18 and 80 (mean 47) years performed 6mWT and the Six minute Walk Distance (6mWD) was measured. RESULTS: The subjects were categorized into four groups. Group A (n = 45) healthy subjects (control); group B (n = 49) chronic hepatitis B patients; group C (n = 54) chronic hepatitis C patients; group D (n = 98) liver cirrhosis patients. The four groups differed in terms of 6mWDs (P alked was 421 ± 47 m by group A, then group B (390 ± 53 m), group C (357 ± 72 m) and group D (306 ± 111 m). The 6mWD correlated with age (r = -0.482, P moglobin (r = +0.373, P albumin (r = +0.311, P mWD in cirrhosis (group D) patients (r = -0.328, P mo follow-up period, 15 of the 98 cirrhosis patients had died from disease complications. The 6mWD for the surviving cirrhotic patients was longer than for non-survivors (317 ± 101 vs 245 ± 145 m, P = 0.021; 95% CI 11-132). The 6mWD was found to be an independent predictor of survival (P = 0.024). CONCLUSION: 6mWT is a useful tool for assessing physical function in CLD patients. We suggest that 6mWD may serve as a prognostic indicator in patients with liver cirrhosis.

关键词： Six minute Walk Test Chronic liver disease Functional capacity

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Shadows and weak gravitational lensing for black holes within Einstein-maxwell-scalar theory

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第9期48卷 234-243页

作者： ahmad al-Badawi mirzabek alloqulov Sanjar Shaymatov Bobomurat Ahmedov Department of Physics Al-Hussein Bin Talal UniversityP.O.Box:20Ma'an 71111Jordan Institute of Fundamental and Applied Research National Research University TIIAMEKori Niyoziy 39Tashkent 100000Uzbekistan University of Tashkent for Applied Sciences Str.Gavhar 1Tashkent 100149Uzbekistan Institute for Theoretical Physics and Cosmology Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310023China Western Caspian University Baku AZ1001Azerbaijan

In this study,we investigated the optical properties of charged black holes within the Einstein-maxwellscalar(EmS)*** evaluated the shadow cast by these black holes and obtained analytical solutions for both the radius of the photon sphere and that of the *** observed that black hole parametersγandβboth influence the shadow of black *** also found that the photon sphere and shadow radius increase as a consequence of the presence of the parameterγ.Interestingly,the shadow radius decreases first and then remains unchanged owing to the impact of the parameterβ.Finally,we analyzed the weak gravitational lensing and total magnification of lensed images around black *** found that the charge of the black holes and the parameterβboth have a significant impact,reducing the deflection ***,the same behavior for the total magnification was observed,also as a result of the effect of the charge of the black holes and the parameterβ.

关键词： Einstein maxwell gravity shadow gravitational weak lensing

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Carbon potentials of different biochars derived from municipal solid waste in a saline soil

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Pedosphere 2022年第2期32卷 283-293页

作者： Hamna SalEEm mahtab ahmad Jamshaid RASHID munir ahmad mohammad I.al-WABEL memuna AmIN Department of Environmental Sciences Faculty of Biological SciencesQuaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad 45320Pakistan Soil Sciences Department College of Food&Agricultural SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 2460Riyadh 11451Saudi Arabia

There are numerous studies conducted on biochar for its carbon (C) sequestration potential;however,there are limited studies available on the behavior of salt-affected soils related to biochar ***,more studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms through which biochar affects saline soil *** this study,biochars were produced from solid waste at pyrolysis temperatures of 300,500,and 700?C (BC300,BC500,and BC700,respectively)and applied to a saline soil to evaluate their impacts on soil carbon dioxide (CO_(2)) efflux,C sequestration,and soil quality.A soil incubation experiment lasting for 107 d was *** results showed that soil CO_(2) efflux rate,cumulative CO_(2) emission,active organic C (AOC),and organic matter (Om)significantly increased with BC300 application to a greater extent than those with BC500 and BC700 as compared to those in the no-biochar control (CK).However,soil C non-lability did not significantly increase in the treatments with biochars,except BC700,as compared to that in *** improving the soil quality by increasing the soil AOC and Om,BC300 showed positive impacts in terms of increasing CO_(2) emission from the saline soil,while BC500 and BC700 showed greater potentials of sequestering C in the saline soil by increasing the soil non-labile C *** recalcitrance index (R50) values of BC500 and BC700 were>0.8,indicating their high stability in the saline *** could be concluded that biochars pyrolyzed at high temperatures (?500?C)could be suitable in terms of C sequestration,while biochars pyrolyzed at low temperatures (?300?C) could be suitable for improving saline soil quality.

关键词： carbon sequestration carbon storage climate change CO_(2)efflux CO_(2)emission pyrolysis temperature recalcitrance index soil quality

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