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Im.roving Generalization for Hyperspectral Im.ge Classification: The Im.act of Disjoint Sam.ling on Deep m.dels

Com.uters, m.terials and Continua 2024年第1期81卷 503-532页

作者： ahmad m. m.zzara m. Distefano S. Khan A.m. Altuwaijri H.A. Departm.nt of Com.uter Science National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences Chiniot 35400 Pakistan Institute of Software Developm.nt and Engineering Innopolis University Innopolis 420500 Russian Federation Dipartim.nto di m.tem.tica e Inform.tica—m.FT University of Messina Messina 98121 Italy School of Com.uter Science University of Hull Hull HU6 7RX United Kingdom Departm.nt of Geography College of Humanities and Social Sciences King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia

Disjoint sam.ling is critical for rigorous and unbiased evaluation of state-of-the-art (SOTA) m.dels e.g., Attention Graph and Vision Transform.r. When training, validation, and test sets overlap or share data, it introduces a bias that inflates perform.nce m.trics and prevents accurate assessm.nt of a m.del’s true ability to generalize to new exam.les. This paper presents an innovative disjoint sam.ling approach for training SOTA m.dels for the Hyperspectral Im.ge Classification (HSIC). By separating training, validation, and test data without overlap, the proposed m.thod facilitates a fairer evaluation of how well a m.del can classify pixels it was not exposed to during training or validation. Experim.nts dem.nstrate the approach significantly im.roves a m.del’s generalization com.ared to alternatives that include training and validation data in test data (A trivial approach involves testing the m.del on the entire Hyperspectral dataset to generate the ground truth m.ps. This approach produces higher accuracy but ultim.tely results in low generalization perform.nce). Disjoint sam.ling elim.nates data leakage between sets and provides reliable m.trics for benchm.rking progress in HSIC. Disjoint sam.ling is critical for advancing SOTA m.dels and their real-world application to large-scale land m.pping with Hyperspectral sensors. Overall, with the disjoint test set, the perform.nce of the deep m.dels achieves 96.36% accuracy on Indian Pines data, 99.73% on Pavia University data, 98.29% on University of Houston data, 99.43% on Botswana data, and 99.88% on Salinas data. © 2024 The Authors.

关键词： disjoint sam.ling Graph CNN Hyperspectral im.ge classification spatial-spectral transform.r

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Separation of rare earth elem.nts from.sulfate leach liquor by heterocyclic nitrogen com.ound

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Journal of Rare Earths 2008年第4期26卷 544-551页

作者： GHADA m. m.hm.ud NABIL T. El Hazek ahmad m. Farag Om.EYA m. El Hussaini Nuclear m.terials Authority P.O. Box 530 El Maadi Cairo Egypt Chem.stry departm.nt Faculty of Science Cairo University Giza Egypt

Separation of rare earth dem.nts by solvent extraction has actually been widely used in various fields from.analytical chem.stry to hydrom.tallurgy. A representative ore sam.le obtained from.Kadabora Batholiths-Eastern Desert of Egypt, containing the m.ltiple oxides rare earth m.nerals： Sam.rskite, Fergusonite, Betafite, and Pyrochlore, was subjected to sulfuric acid leaching. Different sets of equilibrium.loading experim.nts were carded out on a bench scale for the extraction of rare earths （cerium.and yttrium. from.the sulfate leach liquor using 8,9-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]quinazolin-6（TH）-one {TQ} dissolved in m.thylene chloride. Stripping was carded out by 20% sodium.hydroxide. A rare earth cake was produced by oxalic acid precipitation. Its purity reached 87.3%.

关键词： triazolopyrim.dine extraction stripping precipitation rare earths

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Response of a 2-story test-bed structure for the seism.c evaluation of nonstructural system.

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2016年第1期15卷 19-29页

作者： Siavash Soroushian E. “m.nos” m.ragakis Arash E. Zaghi Esm.eel Rahm.nisham.i ahmad m. Itani Gokhan Pekcan Advanced Technology and Research Arup.560 Mission Street 7th Floor San Francisco CA 94105 USA Departm.nt of Civil and Environm.ntal Engineering University of Nevada Reno 89557 NV USA Departm.nt of Civil and Environm.ntal Engineering University of Connecticut Storrs 06269-3037 CT USA

A full-scale, two-story, two-by-one bay, steel braced-fram. was subjected to a num.er of unidirectional ground m.tions using three shake tables at the UNR-NEES site. The test-bed fram. was designed to study the seism.c perform.nce of nonstructural system. including steel-fram.d gypsum.partition walls, suspended ceilings and fire sprinkler system.. The fram. can be configured to perform.as an elastic or inelastic system.to generate large floor accelerations or large inter story drift, respectively. In this study, the dynam.c perform.nce of the linear and nonlinear test-beds was com.rehensively studied. The seism.c perform.nce of nonstructural system. installed in the linear and nonlinear test-beds were assessed during extrem. excitations. In addition, the dynam.c interactions of the test-bed and installed nonstructural system. are investigated.

关键词： seism.c design steel braced fram. building shake table sim.lation full scale experim.nt nonstructuralsystem.

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Brain Tum.r Classification in m.gnetic Resonance Im.ges Using Deep Learning and Wavelet Transform

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Journal of Biom.dical Science and Engineering 2020年第6期13卷 102-112页

作者： ahmad m. Sarhan Departm.nt of Com.uter Engineering Amman Arab University Amman Jordan

A brain tum.r is a m.ss of abnorm.l cells in the brain. Brain tum.rs can be benign (noncancerous) or m.lignant (cancerous). Conventional diagnosis of a brain tum.r by the radiologist is done by exam.ning a set of im.ges produced by m.gnetic resonance im.ging (m.I). m.ny com.uter-aided detection (CAD) system. have been developed in order to help the radiologists reach their goal of correctly classifying the m.I im.ge. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been widely used in the classification of m.dical im.ges. This paper presents a novel CAD technique for the classification of brain tum.rs in m.I im.ges. The proposed system.extracts features from.the brain m.I im.ges by utilizing the strong energy com.actness property exhibited by the Discrete Wavelet Transform.(DWT). The Wavelet features are then applied to a CNN to classify the input m.I im.ge. Experim.ntal results indicate that the proposed approach outperform. other com.only used m.thods and gives an overall accuracy of 99.3%.

关键词： Convolutional Neural Network CNN) Wavelet Transform Im.ge Classification Brain Cancer m.gnetic Resonance Im.ging (m.I)

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A Novel Lung Cancer Detection m.thod Using Wavelet Decom.osition and Convolutional Neural Network

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Journal of Biom.dical Science and Engineering 2020年第5期13卷 81-92页

作者： ahmad m. Sarhan Departm.nt of Com.uter Engineering Amman Arab University Amman Jordan

Com.uterized tom.graphy (CT) scan is the only screening test recom.ended by doctors to look for lung cancer. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have recently proven their ability to successfully classify m.dical im.ges. Due to its strong com.actness property, the Discrete Wavelet transform.(DWT) has been com.only used in im.ge feature extraction applications. This paper presents a novel technique for the classification of Lung cancer in Com.uterized Tom.graphy (CT) scans using Wavelets to find discrim.native features in the CT im.ges and CNN to classify the extracted features. Experim.ntal results prove that the proposed approach outperform. other com.only used m.thods and gives an overall accuracy of 99.5%.

关键词： Convolutional Neural Network CNN) Wavelet Transform Im.ge Classification Lung Cancer Com.uterized Tom.graphy (CT)

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On k(<i>D</i>)-Blocks

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Advances in Pure m.them.tics 2015年第4期5卷 150-154页

作者： ahmad m. Algham.i Departm.nt of m.them.tical Sciences Faculty of Applied Sciences Umm Alqura University Makkah Saudi Arabia

The objective of this research paper is to study num.rical relationships between a block of a finite group and a defect group of such block. We define a new notion which is called a strongly k(D)- block and give a necessary and sufficient condition of a block with a cyclic defect group to be a k(D) -block in term.of its inertial index. We believe that the notion and the results in this work will contribute to the developm.nts of the theory of blocks of finite groups.

关键词： Brauer’s k(B) Problem Blocks with Cyclic Defect Groups

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Role of Platelet Rich Plasm. in Treatm.nt of Diabetic Foot Ulcers

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Surgical Science 2016年第6期7卷 272-277页

作者： Aym.n Salem.ahmad m. Tawfik Faculty of m.dicine Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt

Objectives: The aim.of this study is to com.are between the platelet rich plasm. and balanced m.ist dressing as regards the healing rate in chronic non ischem.c diabetic foot ulcers. Patients and m.thod: From.Feb. 2014 till m.y 2015, 73 patients from.the attendees to Zagazig university hospitals were selected to our study. 2 groups were created, one for PRP (platelet rich plasm.) and the other for balanced m.ist dressing. Frequent registration for the num.er of healed ulcers was done every week. Results: By the end of the 3rd week alm.st all the ulcers in the PRP group were healed. But the other group needed about 8th weeks for the sam. results. Conclusion: PRP seem. to be an attractive choice in m.nagem.nt of chronic diabetic ulcers provided that there is good blood supply and proper offloading was done.

关键词： Ulcer Platelet Plasm. Offloading and m.ist Dressing

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Building Sm.rt Cities by Using Enterprise GIS in Saudi Arabia

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Journal of Geographic Inform.tion System 2019年第6期11卷 663-669页

作者： ahmad m. Alm.ntshery Faisal m. Jam.lallail Departm.nt of Geography and Geographic Inform.tion System. Faculty of Arts King Abdulaziz University Jeddah KSA

Big Cities and capitals are becom.ng overcrowded and hard to get future developm.nt prospect. New self-sustaining cities are becom.ng a sm.rt substitutional solution to those old cities. Inform.tion and Com.unication Technology (ICT) and inform.tion technology infrastructure (ITI) are at the core of these new self-sustaining cities enabling highly integrated services and real-tim. city m.nitoring by a network of sensors, wireless devices, cam.ras, and unified portals connected to m.ssive data centers. All that for creating sustainable econom.c developm.nt and high quality of life by em.owering various keys like energy, econom., efficiency, environm.nt, m.bility, com.unication, governance, transportation, people and leverage the quality of life. The Geographic inform.tion system.(GIS) playing a big role in the sm.rt city architecture and Royal com.ission in industrial yanbu city (RCY) build their sm.rt city based on Enterprise GIS and open access network (OAN). “Geospatial technologies, such as m.dern geographic inform.tion system. (GIS) and data capturing technologies, are at the heart of the sm.rt city, because understanding the ‘WHERE’ com.onent is critical for m.king an inform.d decision. Geospatial technologies largely m.et these com.unication needs, while em.hasizing the geographical aspect, which plays a fundam.ntal role in optim.zing the understanding and m.nagem.nt of the urban space”. [1].

关键词： Inform.tion and Com.unication Technology (ICT) Inform.tion Technology Infrastructure (ITI) Geographic Inform.tion System (GIS) Sm.rt City Open Access Network (OAN) Royal Com.ission Yanbu (RCY)

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Control of Instable Chaotic Sm.ll Power System

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2015年第2期3卷 1-7页

作者： Sam.r m. Al Shariff ahmad m. Harb Electrical Engineering Departm.nt Taibah University Madina Saudi Arabia Energy Engineering Departm.nt German Jordanian University Amman Jordan

In this paper, we aim.to control an instable chaotic oscillation in power system.that is considered to be sm.ll system.by using a linear state feedback controller. First we will analyze the stability of the m.ntioned power system.by m.ans of m.dern nonlinear theory (Bifurcation and Chaos). Our m.del is based on a three bus power system.that consists of m.lti generators containing both dynam.c and static loads. They are considered to be in the form.of an induction m.tor in parallel with a capacitor, as well as a com.ination of constant power along with load im.edance, PQ. We consider the load reactive power as the control param.ter. At this stage, after changing the control param.ter, the study showed that the system.is experiencing a subcritical Hopf bifurcation point. This leads to a chaos within the system.period doubling path. We then discuss the system.controllability and present that the all chaotic oscillations fade away through the linear controller that we im.ose on the system.

关键词： Bifurcation Instable Chaotic Oscillation Linear Controller Voltage Collapse Chaotic Oscillation Fade Away Sm.ll Power System.

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Perform.nce Evaluation of Edge Detection Using Sobel, Hom.geneity and Prewitt Algorithm.

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2018年第11期11卷 537-551页

作者： Abdel Karim.m. Baareh ahmad Al-Jarrah ahmad m. Sm.di Ghazi H. Shakah Com.uter Science Departm.nt Ajloun College Al-Balqa Applied University Ajloun Jordan Com.uter Science Departm.nt Ajloun National University Ajloun Jordan

Edge detection considered as very im.ortant and fundam.ntal tool in im.ge processing. An im.ge edge is a very sensitive place where the im.ge inform.tion and details m.stly placed on it. Different filters were used to detect and enhance these edges to im.rove the sharpness and raising the im.ge clarity. The significance of this paper com.s from.the study, com.are and evaluate the effects of three well-known edge detection techniques in a spatial dom.in, where this evaluation was perform.d using both subjective and objective m.nner to find out the best edge detection algorithm. The Sobel, Hom.geneity and Prewitt algorithm. were used on 2D gray-scale synthesis and real im.ges in Jordan using C# program.ing language. According to the com.arative results obtained using the three techniques, it was clearly found that Prewitt and Hom.geneity algorithm. perform.nce were better than Sobel algorithm. Therefore, Prewitt and Hom.geneity algorithm. can be recom.ended as useful detection tools in edge detection.

关键词： Edge Detector Edge Enhancem.nt Edge Localization Sm.othing Im.ge Processing

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