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Pressure ulcers and acute risk factors in individuals with traumatic spinal fractures with or without spinal cord injuries:A prospective analysis of the National Spinal Column/Cord Injury Registry of Iran(NSCIR-IR)data

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2023年第4期26卷 193-198页

作者： Farzin Farahbakhsh Hossein Rezaei Aliabadi Vali Baigi Zahra Ghodsi Mohammad Dashtkoohi ahmad pour-rashid James SHarrop Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar Sina and Trauma Surgery Research Center Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Brain and SpinalCord Injury Research Center NeuroscienceInstute Tehran Universityof Medical SciencesTehranIran Department of Neurosurgery Shariati HospitalTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Sports Medicine Research Center Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran School of Medicine Bam University of Medical SciencesBamIran Students'Scientific Research Center(SSRC) Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Department of Neurosurgery Sina HospitalTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Department of Neurosurgery Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaUSA Universal Scientific Education and Research Network(USERN) TehranIran Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics University of TehranTehranIran Spine Program University of TorontoTorontoCanada

Purpose:To identify risk factors for developing pressure ulcers(PUs)in the acute care period of traumatic spinal fracture patients with or without spinal cord injuries(SCIs).Methods:Data were collected prospectively in participating the National Spinal column/Cord Injury Registry of Iran(NSCIR-IR)from individuals with traumatic spinal fractures with or without SCIs,in-clusive of the hospital stay from admission to *** nursing staff examined the patients for the presence of PUs every 8 h during their hospital *** presence and grade of PUs were assessed according to the European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel *** addition to PU,following data were also extracted from the NSCIR-IR datasets during the period of 2015-2021:age,sex,Glasgow coma scale score at admission,having SCIs,marital status,surgery for a spinal fracture,American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale(AIS),urinary incontinence,level of education,admitted center,length of stay in the intensive care unit(ICU),hypertension,respiratory diseases,consumption of ciga-rettes,diabetes mellitus and length of stay in the *** regression models were used to es-timate the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio(OR)with 95%confidence intervals(CI).Results:Altogether 2785 participants with traumatic spinal fractures were *** them,87(3.1%)developed PU during their hospital stay and 392(14.1%)had *** the SCI population,63(16.1%)developed PU during hospital *** logistic regression for the whole sample showed that marital status,having SCIs,urinary incontinence,level of education,treating center,number of days in the ICU,age,and Glasgow coma scale score were significant predictors for ***,further analysis by multiple logistic regression only revealed the significant risk factors to be the treating center,marital status,having SCIs,and the number of days in the *** the subgroup of individuals with SCIs,marital status,AIS,urinary incontinenc

关键词： Spinal fractures Spinal cord injuries Pressureulcer NSCIR-IR

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Thermal and Catalytic Conversion of Waste Plastics into Hydrocarbon Materials

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材料科学与工程（中英文版） 2011年第3期5卷 298-303页

作者： Moinuddin Sarker Mohammad Mamunor rashid Ashiquz Zaman Mohammed Molla Department of Research and Development Natural State Research CT-06902 USA

A simple thermal and catalytic cracking of several waste plastics (polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene) to liquid hydrocarbon fuel have been established. The process was performed at 370-420 °C under atmospheric pressure and condition. The yield percentages were 90% flammable liquid hydrocarbon fuel, 5% flammable hydrocarbon gas and 5% nonflammable solid char. During the process molecular sieves, organophilic (HZSM-5) cracking catalyst was used to accelerate the breakdown of long chain hydrocarbons to short chain hydrocarbons. Instrumental analysis of the produced fuel shows that mainly aliphatics, aromatics, oxygenated and nitrogenated hydrocarbon compounds are present. Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS) analysis shows the carbon chain in the fuel ranges from C3-C27, and the highest peaks being displayed at C9 compound. Some physical property of fuel include API gravity at 60 oF is 49.7 oAPI, pour point 48.2 oF, cloud point 53.6 oF and Btu value 127,413/gallon. The produce fuel can be used to power majority of combustion engines or feedstock for refinery.

关键词：催化转换废塑料烃类物质气相色谱/质谱仪碳氢化合物碳氢燃料易燃液体空气污染指数

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