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Optimizing calcination of coal by-products for maximizing REE leaching recovery and minimizing Al,Ca,and Fe contamination

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第7期42卷 1354-1365,I0006页

作者： Tushar Gupta ahmad nawab Rick Honaker MP Materials Mountain Pass Mine 67750 Bailey RoadMountain PassCA92366USA Department of Mining Engineering University of KentuckyLexingtonKY40506USA

High-temperature calcination is effective in improving the leaching characteristics of rare earth elements(REEs)from conventional REE-bearing minerals by transforming them into more leachable ***,the recovery of contaminants such as Al,Fe,and Ca also increases *** objective of the study was to maximize the REE extraction while minimizing the concentration of contaminant ions(Al,Ca,and Fe)in the leach *** density fractions of the coarse refuse from the Baker and Fire Clay seam coal refuse were pulverized to a top size of 180μm and used as a feedstock for the *** the samples generated from thermal treatment were leached at 1%(w/v)using 1.2 mol/L sulfuric acid at 75℃ for 2 *** results from a parametric program based on a Box-Behnken design were used for modeling and optimization of three operating parameters associated with the lab-scale calcination *** parameters included temperature(400-800℃),ramp rate(2-10℃/min)and holding time(0-120 min).It was determined that the calcination temperature was the most significant parameter influencing REE *** majority of the heavy rare earth elements(HREEs)were found to be present in an insoluble form in the calcination products and were marginally affected by thermal treatment.A strong correlation between light rare earth elements recovery(LREEs)and Al suggested a possible association with *** optimum operating conditions for high REE recovery with comparatively lower contaminant concentration for 1.6 specific gravity float and 2.2 sink fractions of Baker and Fire Clay seam material were determined to be at 776,800℃ and 407,800℃,calcining temperatures,respectively.A higher optimum temperature of 1.6 float fraction of Baker seam relative to Fire Clay seam material was due to elevated pyrite concentration in Baker seam *** treatment at 400℃ converted pyrite into a soluble intermedium iron oxide,resulting in a high Fe content in the ***

关键词： Calcination Optimization Rare earth elements Coal refuse

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GENERALIZED WARDOWSKI TYPE FIXED POINT THEOREMS VIA α-ADMISSIBLE FG-CONTRACTIONS IN b-METRIC SPACES

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2016年第5期36卷 1445-1456页

作者： Vahid PARVANEH nawab HUSSAIN Zoran KADELBURG Department of Mathematics Gilan-E-Gharb Branch Islamic Azad University Department of Mathematics King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Mathematics University of Belgrade

Recently, Wardowski [Fixed Point Theory Appl., 2012: 94, 2012] introduced and studied a new contraction called F-contraction to prove a fixed point result as a generalization of the Banach contraction principle. In this paper, we introduce an α-β-FG-contraction and generalize the Wardowski fixed point result in b-metric and ordered b-metric spaces. As an application of our results we deduce Suzuki type fixed point results for β-***, we discuss some illustrative examples to highlight the realized improvements.

关键词： α-admissible mapping F-contraction α-continuous function

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Solving Fractional Differential Equations via Fixed Points of Chatterjea Maps

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2023年第6期135卷 2617-2648页

作者： nawab Hussain Saud M.Alsulami Hind Alamri Department of Mathematics King Abdulaziz UniversityP.O.Box 80203Jeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics College of ScienceTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif21944Saudi Arabia

In this paper,we present the existence and uniqueness of fixed points and common fixed points for Reich and Chatterjea pairs of self-maps in complete metric ***,we study fixed point theorems for Reich and Chatterjea nonexpansive mappings in a Banach space using the Krasnoselskii-Ishikawa iteration method associated withSλand consider some applications of our results to prove the existence of solutions for nonlinear integral and nonlinear fractional differential *** also establish certain interesting examples to illustrate the usability of our results.

关键词： Common fixed points Reich and Chatterjea mappings Krasnoselskii-Ishikawa iteration complete metric space Banach space integral equation nonlinear fractional differential equation

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Pattern of hepatitis C virus genotypes and subtypes circulating in war-stricken Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,Pakistan:Review of published literature

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第11期10卷 1037-1042页

作者： Abdul Waheed Khan Sadia nawab Zeeshan Nasim Abdul Haleem Khan Syed Ishfaq ahmad Fazli Zahir Israr Ud Din Institute of Information Sciences Academia SinicaTaiwan Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology University of SwatPakistan Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering The University of AgriculturePeshawarPakistan 4Department of ZoologyIslamia College PeshawarPakistan

Infection due to hepatitis C virus(HCV) is a major cause of fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in Pakistan. In the current review, pattern of HCV genotypes and subtypes in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province was ascertained in light of the available literature. After thorough analysis, genotype 3(58.27%) was determined to be the leading HCV genotype,followed by genotypes 2(12.39%), 1(9.54%) and 4(0.86%). The proportions of genotypes 5 and 6 were recorded as 0.09% and 0.22% respectively. Subtype wise, 3 a accounted for 48.67%, followed by subtype 2 a(10.91%), 3 b(9.43%), 1 a(5.84%), 1 b(3.66%), 2 b(1.45%) and genotype 4 with its undefined subtypes contributed a portion of0.86%. The cumulative share of subtypes 1 c, 2 c, 3 c, 5 a and 6 a was less than 1%. In11.51% cases, the subtype was untypeable while in 7.17% cases mixed subtypes were recorded. Gender wise, proportions of most HCV subtypes were marginally higher among males as compared to females. On the basis of studied groups, 3 a was pervasive among all groups except in intravenous drug users where 2 a was the major HCV ***, based on various geographical locations(provincial divisions), subtype 3 a revealed a ubiquitous distribution. Conclusively, HCV 3 a persists to be the principal subtype across the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The considerable number of untypeable subtypes in most studies urges for an improved genotyping system on the basis of local sequence data and practice of sequencing for determination of underlying subtype in untypeable cases. Further, studies on identification of subtypes transmission pattern are imperative for assessment of transmission origin and reinforcement of efficient control strategies. In addition, the current review emphasizes the need of attention toward HCV risk groups and ignored southern side of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province for better holistic understanding of HCV genotype distribution pattern in the province.

关键词： Hepatitis C Hepatitis C virus Genotype Subtype

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Morphometry of leaf and shoot variables to assess aboveground biomass structure and carbon sequestration by different varieties of white mulberry(Morus alba L.)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第6期32卷 2291-2300页

作者： Ghulam Ali Bajwa Muhammad Umair Yasir nawab Zahid Rizwan Pakistan Forest Institute Peshawar 25130Pakistan National Textile University Faisalabad 37610Pakistan

Mulberry is economically important and can also play a pivotal role in mitigating greenhouse *** and shoot traits were measured for Morus alba ***,*** ***,*** ***,and *** ***-1 to assess aboveground biomass(AGB)and carbon ***-specific and multivariety allometric AGB models were developed using the equivalent diameter at breast height(EDBH)and plant height(H).The completeharvest method was used to measure leaf and shoot traits and biomass,and the ash method was used to measure organic carbon *** results showed significant(p<0.01)varietal differences in leaf and shoot traits,AGB and carbon ***-1 variety had the greatest leaf density(mean±SE:1828.3±0.3 leaves tree^(-1)),Karyansuban had the largest mean leaf area(185.94±8.95 cm^(2)).A diminishing return was found between leaf area and leaf *** had the highest shoot density per tree(46.6±1.83 shoots tree^(-1)),total shoot length(264.1±2.32 m),dry biomass(16.69±0.58 kg tree^(-1)),carbon sequestration(9.99±0.32 kg tree^(-1))and CO_(2) mitigation(36.67±1.16 kg).The variety-specific AGB models b(EDBH)and b(EDBH)2 showed good fit and reasonable accuracy with a coefficient of determination(R^(2))=0.98-0.99,standard error of estimates(SEE)=0.1125-0.3130 and root mean square error(RMSE)=*** multivariety models bln(EDBH)and(EDBH)0.756 showed good-fitness and accuracy with R^(2)=0.85-0.86,SEE=1.6231-1.6445 and RMSE=*** the basis of these findings,variety Latifolia has good potential for biomass production,and allometric equations based on EDBH can be used to estimate AGB with a reasonable accuracy.

关键词： Allometry Biomass estimation CO_(2)mitigation Moraceae Mulberry Regression models

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Commercial cash crop production and households'economic welfare:Evidence from the pulse farmers in rural China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第11期21卷 3395-3407页

作者： MA Ji-liang LI Fan ZHANG Hui-jie Khan nawab Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China College of Economics and Management Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070P.R.China Agricultural Information Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China College of Management Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130P.R.China Macro Agriculture Research Institute Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070P.R.China

Whether promoting cash crop production can increase household welfare has long been the focus of the food policy *** study first investigated the determinants of household behavior in commercial pulse *** then examined how households'commercial pulse production improves their economic *** used a dataset of 848 households collected from 2018 to 2019 to estimate the determinants of household behavior in commercial pulse farming by the Heckman two-step *** endogenous treatment regression(ETR)method was employed to examine the impact of commercial pulse farming on household economic *** results showed that factors such as market purchase prices,agricultural technology services,farmers'access to loans,and government subsidies promoted smallholders'commercial pulse farming;production costs and perceptions of climate change risks constrained smallholders'commercial pulse ***,commercial pulse production has increased household farm income but there was a limited impact on household off-farm *** findings suggest that policies aiming to increase households'cash crop production and market access could significantly improve the economic welfare of pulse farmers.

关键词： pulse farming cash crop commercialization economic welfare China

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Pseudo NLP Joint Spam Classification Technique for Big Data Cluster

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第4期71卷 517-535页

作者： WooHyun Park nawab Muhammad Faseeh Qureshi Dong Ryeol Shin Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Korea Department of Computer Education Sungkyunkwan UniversitySeoul03063Korea

Spam mail classification considered complex and error-prone task in the distributed computing *** are various available spam mail classification approaches such as the naive Bayesian classifier,logistic regression and support vector machine and decision tree,recursive neural network,and long short-term memory ***,they do not consider the document when analyzing spam mail *** approaches use the bagof-words method,which analyzes a large amount of text data and classifies features with the help of term frequency-inverse document *** there are many words in a document,these approaches consume a massive amount of resources and become infeasible when performing classification on multiple associated mail documents ***,spam mail is not classified fully,and these approaches remain with ***,we propose a term frequency topic inverse document frequency model that considers the meaning of text data in a larger semantic unit by applying weights based on the document’s ***,the proposed approach reduces the scarcity problem through a frequency topic-inverse document frequency in singular value decomposition *** proposed approach also reduces the dimensionality,which ultimately increases the strength of document *** evaluations show that the proposed approach classifies spam mail documents with higher accuracy using individual document-independent processing *** evaluations show that the proposed approach performs better than the logistic regression model in the distributed computing environment,with higher document word frequencies of 97.05%,99.17%and 96.59%.

关键词： NLP big data machine learning TFT-IDF spam mail

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AI-Enabled Grouping Bridgehead to Secure Penetration Topics of Metaverse

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第12期73卷 5609-5624页

作者： Woo Hyun Park Isma Farah Siddiqui nawab Muhammad Faseeh Qureshi Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Korea Department of Computer Education Sungkyunkwan UniversitySeoul03063Korea Department of Software Engineering Mehran University of Engineering&TechnologyJamshoroPakistan

With the advent of the big data era,security issues in the context of artificial intelligence(AI)and data analysis are attracting research *** the metaverse,which will become a virtual asset in the future,users’communication,movement with characters,text elements,etc.,are required to integrate the real and ***,they can be exposed to ***,various hacker threats *** example,users’assets are exposed through notices and mail alerts regularly sent to users by *** the future,hacker threats will increase mainly due to naturally anonymous ***,it is necessary to use the natural language processing technology of artificial intelligence,especially term frequency-inverse document frequency,word2vec,gated recurrent unit,recurrent neural network,and long-short term ***,several application versions are ***,research on tasks and performance for algorithm application is *** propose a grouping algorithm that focuses on securing various bridgehead strategies to secure topics for security and safety within the *** algorithm comprises three modules:extracting topics from attacks,managing dimensions,and performing ***,we create 24 topic-based *** normal and spam mail attacks to verify our algorithm,the accuracy of the previous application version was increased by∼0.4%-1.5%.

关键词： Metaverse security computational linguistics grouping bridgehead AI

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Organic and Inorganic Mercury in Biological Samples of Flouresecent Lamp Industries Workers and Health Risks

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2020年第2期33卷 89-102页

作者： Nayab GUL Sardar KHAN Abbas KHAN Javed nawab Adnan SARWAR Nida GUL Climate Change Centre The University of AgriculturePeshawar 25120Pakistan Department of Environmental Sciences University of PeshawarPeshawar 25120Pakistan Drug Control Administration Government of Khyber PakhtunkhwaHealth DepartmentPeshawar 25120Pakistan Department of Environmental Sciences Abdul Wali Khan University MardanPeshawar 25120Pakistan Pak International Medical College and Research Institute HayatabadPeshawar 25120Pakistan

Objective The present study aims to investigate the concentrations of Hg and its aspects methyl mercury(Me-Hg)and inorganic mercury(I-Hg)in the biological samples(BSs)of fluorescent lamp industries workers(FLIWs).Methodology Different BSs including red blood cells(RBCs),plasma,urine,hair and nails were collected from the workers exposed to Hg and unexposed persons were selected as control group to measure both the T-Hg concentration as well as its species in different biological samples through quantitative *** data was collected through questionnaire *** The mean concentrations of T-Hg(31.9μg/L),Me-Hg(27.7μg/L),and I-Hg(5.36μg/L)in RBCs were found significantly(P<0.001)higher among the workers(n=40)as compared to the control group(n=40).Similarly the mean Hg concentrations in plasma,urine,hair and nails were also significantly higher among the workers than the control *** statistical relation between Hg concentration and demographic characteristics observed that workers experience and fish consumption has increased the Hg concentration while age,weight and smoking found no significant effect on Hg concentration in the *** The study observed that the workers were highly exposed to high concentration of Hg and they are at a high health risk.

关键词： Mercury Health risk Fluorescent lamp industries Regression Demographic characteristics Biological samples

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Leveraging UAV-assisted communications to improve secrecy for URLLC in 6G systems

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Digital Communications and Networks 2023年第6期9卷 1458-1464页

作者： Hemant Kumar Narsani Ali Ranjha Kapal Dev Fida Hussain Memon nawab Muhammad Faseeh Qureshi Faculty of Engineering and Technology University of SindhPakistan Department of Electrical Engineering Ecole de Technologie Superieure Montreal QCCanada Department of Institute of Intelligent Systems University of JohannesburgSouth Africa Department of Electrical Engineering Sukkur IBA UniversityPakistan Department of Computer Education Sungkyunkwan UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)will be essential to support mission-critical applications of Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication(URLLC)in futuristic Sixth-Generation(6G)***,several security vulnerabilities and attacks have plagued previous generations of communication systems;thus,physical layer security,especially against eavesdroppers,is vital,especially for upcoming 6G *** this regard,UAVs have appeared as a winning candidate to mitigate security *** this paper,we leverage UAVs to propose two *** first method utilizes a UAV as Decode-and-Forward(DF)relay,whereas the second method utilizes a UAV as a jammer to mitigate eavesdropping attacks for URLLC between transmitter and receiver ***,we present a low-complexity algorithm that outlines the two aforementioned methods of mitigating interception,*** secrecy rate,and we compare them with the benchmark null method in which there is a direct communication link between transmitter and receiver without the UAV DF ***,simulation results show the effectiveness of such methods by improving the secrecy rate and its dependency on UAV height,blocklength,decoding error probability and transmitter-receiver separation ***,we recommend the best method to enhance the secrecy rate in the presence of an eavesdropper based on our simulations.

关键词： URLLC UAV-Assisted communications 6G systems Secrecy rate

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