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Characterization of lauryl betaine foam in the Hele-Shaw cell at high foam qualities(80%-98%)

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Petroleum Science 2020年第6期17卷 1634-1654页

作者： Asad Hassan Syed Nurudeen Yekeen Eswaran Padmanabhan ahmad Kamal idris Dzeti Farhah Mohshim Department of Petroleum Engineering Faculty of Geoscience and Petroleum Engineering32610 Seri IskandarPerakMalaysia Institute of Hydrocarbon Recovery Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS32610 Bandar Seri IskandarPerakMalaysia

Lauryl betaine(LB)as an amphoteric surfactant carries both positive and negative charges and should be able to generate stable foam through electrostatic interaction with nanoparticles and ***,no previous attempts have been made to investigate the influence of nanoparticles and other co-surfactants on the stability and apparent viscosity of LBstabilized *** this study,a thorough investigation on the influence of silicon dioxide(SiO2)nanoparticles,alpha olefin sulfonate(AOS)and sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS),on foam stability and apparent viscosity was carried *** experiments were conducted with the 2D Hele-Shaw cell at high foam qualities(80%-98%).Influence of AOS on the interaction between the LB foam and oil was also *** showed that the SiO2-LB foam apparent viscosity decreased with increasing surfactant concentration from 0.1 wt%to 0.3 wt%.0.1 wt%SiO2 was the optimum concentration and increased the 0.1 wt%LB foam stability by 108.65%at 96%foam *** the presence of co-surfactants,the most stable foam,with the highest apparent viscosity,was generated by AOS/LB solution at a ratio of 9:*** emulsified crude oil did not imbibe into AOS-LB foam ***,oil was redirected into the plateau borders where the accumulated oil drops delayed the rate of film thinning,bubble coalescence and coarsening.

关键词： Foam stability Surfactant Nanoparticles Lauryl betaine Foam quality Foam apparent viscosity

Bulk and bubble-scale experimental studies of influence of nanoparticles on foam stability

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2017年第3期25卷 347-357页

作者： Nurudeen Yekeen ahmad Kamal idris Muhammad A.Manan Ali Mohamed Samin Abdul Rahim Risal Tan Xin Kun Department of Petroleum Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Energy EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia81310 Johor BahruMalaysia

Influence of silicon oxide(SiO_2) and aluminum oxide(Al_2O_3) nanoparticles on the stability of nanoparticles and sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) mixed solution foams was studied at bulk and bubble-scale. Foam apparent viscosity was also determined in Hele-Shaw cell In order to investigate the foam performance at static and dynamic conditions. Results show that the maximum adsorption of surfactant on the nanoparticles occurs at 3 wt% surfactant concentration. Foam stability increases while the foamability decreases with the increasing nanoparticle concentration. However, optimum nanoparticle concentration corresponding to maximum foam stability was obtained at 1.0 wt% nanoparticle concentration for the hydrophilic SiO_2/SDS and Al_2O_3/SDS foams. Foam performance was enhanced with increasing nanoparticles hydrophobicity. Air-foams were generally more stable than CO_2 *** apparent viscosity increased in the presence of nanoparticles from 20.34 mPa·s to 84.84 mPa·s while the film thickness increased from 27.5 μm to 136 μm. This study suggests that the static and dynamic stability of conventional foams could be improved with addition of appropriate concentration of nanoparticles into the surfactant solution. The nanoparticles improve foam stability by their adsorption and aggregation at the foam lamellae to increase film thickness and dilational viscoelasticity. This prevents liquid drainage and film thinning and improves foam stability both at the bulk and bubble scale.

关键词： Foam stability Bubble-scale Bulk-scale Nanoparticles Apparent viscosity

Green Lignosulphonate as co-surfactant for wettability alteration

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Petroleum Research 2020年第2期5卷 154-163页

作者： Zhe Qin Lim Nabilla Afzan Abdul Aziz ahmad Kamal idris Nur Asyraf Md Akhir Center of Research of Enhanced Oil Recovery Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS32610Seri IskandarPerakMalaysia Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310SkudaiJohor BahruMalaysia

Surfactant flooding is one of the common tertiary method to recover remaining oil in the reservoir, byreducing the interfacial tension (IFT) between two immiscible fluids nevertheless, current surfactantforms emulsion and difficult to achieve ultra-low IFT between the water and oil without addition of cosurfactant. In this research, two types of anionic lignosulphonate-based surfactants, Sodium Lignosulphonate (SLS) and Calcium Lignosulphonate (CLS) are chosen as co-surfactant. The main surfactantused in this project is the common anionic surfactant, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) at a fixed concentration of 4 mmol/l. Each type of co-surfactant with different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and2.0 wt %) was mixed with 4 mmol/L of SDS at each test tube to create the surfactant solution. The result ofthe experiment showed that at 0.5 wt % for SLS and CLS surfactant solution, the contact angle of oil tosurface lowered down with a reduction of 6° and 7° respectively. This indicate that the system will bemore water-wet which the oil droplet will be less adhesive to the rock surface. In conclusion, by using theoptimum concentration of 0.5 wt % lignosulphonate as co-surfactant is able to alter the wettability ofrocks and it is recommended to test the biological-based co-surfactant at increasing temperature as analternative to enhance the surfactant flooding performance which improves the oil recovery.

关键词： Biosurfactant Co-surfactant Wettability Microemulsion Water-wet

Calculation of Reactions Cross Section for Neutron-Induced Reactions on <sup>127</sup>I Isotope

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International Journal of Medical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology 2017年第3期6卷 344-359页

作者： idris ahmad Fatima Salman Koki Department of Physics Bayero University Kano Nigeria

In this work, the reaction cross-section for neutron-induced reactions on 127I isotope was calculated using EXIFON code in the energy range of incident particle from 0 MeV to 30 MeV. The code is based on an analytical model for statistical multistep direct and multistep compound reactions (SMD/SMC model). In order to see the effect of nuclear structure on cross sections, the calculation was done using nuclear shell structure effect and without considering shell structure effect. Obtained results and statistical analysis showed that shell structure effect does not give significant changes to the cross-section at considered energy ranges. This shows that EXIFON code is a good tool for investigation of nuclear reaction cross section and is useful in the production of the radioisotopes of Iodine, Antimony and tellurium of high purity and in an efficient manner using cyclotron or nuclear reactors, these isotopes have potential application for field of medical science especially for diagnostics and therapeutic purposes.

关键词： Nuclear Reaction Cross-Section Excitation Function Radioisotope Statistical Multistep Reaction Nuclear Model

非洲国际货物多式联运路径选择与枢纽选址优化

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非洲国际货物多式联运路径选择与枢纽选址优化

作者： ahmad idris（尹子浩）中南大学

学位级别：硕士

随着“一带一路”倡议(BRI)的提出和非洲大陆自由贸易区(Af CFTA)的成立,尼日利亚和肯尼亚在内的许多非洲国家抓住经济和基础设施发展机遇,加入到“一带一路”倡议合作中,非洲国际贸易迅速发展,国际货运量呈快速增长趋势。多式联运作为... 详细信息

随着“一带一路”倡议(BRI)的提出和非洲大陆自由贸易区(Af CFTA)的成立,尼日利亚和肯尼亚在内的许多非洲国家抓住经济和基础设施发展机遇,加入到“一带一路”倡议合作中,非洲国际贸易迅速发展,国际货运量呈快速增长趋势。多式联运作为一种高效的国际货物运输手段,将不同的运输方式整合起来,充分利用各种运输方式的优点,降低运输成本和时间,减少排放和拥堵,在非洲国际贸易中发挥了重要作用。在多式联运过程中,优化运输路径和枢纽选址能扩大多式联运优势、缩短运输时间、降低运输成本、减少能源消耗,是提高非洲国际货物多式联运水平的重要措施。因此研究非洲国际货物多式联运路径选择与枢纽选址优化具有广泛的应用前景。目前,分散的货运网络和落后的基础设施阻碍了许多非洲国家的经济发展。一些非洲国家加入到“一带一路”倡议合作中,以解决基础设施落后的问题,与此同时,非洲大陆自由贸易区(Af CFTA)也提出倡议旨在建立大陆内货运服务市场,增强非洲市场的经济活力和竞争力。非洲国家为了发展这些有前景的国内与国际市场,首先应建立畅通的多式联运网络并且设置具有发展意义的多式联运枢纽,以实现产品的高效分销与运输。然而,当前撒哈拉以南的非洲地区缺乏良好的货运基础设施,只能依赖于运输速度较慢、价格昂贵的海运或卡车运输,同时在该地区不同区域之间还存在不同的边境收费。作为非洲第二大出口国,尼日利亚可以通过寻找构建与肯尼亚蒙巴萨港口的最短内陆运输网络,减少运输成本,提升经济效益。除了从中国到尼日利亚传统的海上运输路线之外,建立形成非洲中西部与东非地区的内陆运输路线也将促进非洲西部地区的经济增长,以此提供更多发展机遇。由于“一带一路”倡议主要在非洲东部地区落地实施,通过21世纪海上丝绸之路连接吉布提、内罗毕和坦桑尼亚等港口,所以从中国出口货物到尼日利亚、加纳和喀麦隆等西部和中部非洲国家,需要消耗漫长的运输时间。从中国到尼日利亚的货物运输案例中可以看出,需要一种更安全、快速、高效和低成本的运输方式。鉴于海运的时间较长,空运的成本效率不高,现阶段非洲运输市场迫切需要一种替代的运输方式为从中国到尼日利亚的货物运输提供相对廉价和节省时间的解决方案,以满足货主的运输需求。综合多种运输方式建设陆路桥梁是一个可行的解决方案,多式联运可以作为连接非洲东部和西部的重要运输桥梁。另一方面,非洲大陆自由贸易区(Af CFTA)的实施将建立一个拥有超过十亿消费者和超过3万亿美元国内生产总值(GDP)的单一的内陆货物和服务市场,由此非洲将成为世界上最大的自由贸易区域。实现这一目标需要建立完善的货物运输系统,整合该地区的内陆交通设施(公路和铁路)、货运终端和多式联运枢纽等各种基础设施。多式联运枢纽位置的选择对于整合来自不同地区的商品流、对其进行分类并使用单一或多式联运发运至目的地方面有着重要意义。此外,战略性地选择这些中心的位置有助于降低物流成本并提高客户服务水平。确定这些多式联运枢纽的最佳位置涉及选择设施位置问题,可以通过数量优化或多准则决策方法来解决。综上所述,非洲国际货物多式联运存在以下几个问题:(1)非洲货物运输网络不完善导致货物多式联运全过程的总成本居高不下。(2)分散的交通基础设施导致多式联运运输时间延长。(3)安全问题和政治不稳定性对多式联运发展造成了重大阻碍。针对存在的问题,需要整合道路和铁路、货运终端和多式联运枢纽等各种基础设施,提升基础设施连通性,建立一个完善的货运网络,改善国内与国际的货运网络布局和性能,形成一个统一协调的非洲国际货物多式联运网络系统。因此,本文提出两个主要研究问题。(1)非洲国际货物多式联运路径选择问题。以最小化运输成本和最小化运输时间为目标选择多式联运路径,形成运输路线将货物安全运输到尼日利亚,同时将选定的国家纳入“一带一路”倡议。(2)非洲国际货物多式联运枢纽选址优化问题。确定非洲地区内的综合多式联运枢纽的位置,以降低物流成本、提高客户服务水平,并整合撒哈拉以南非洲地区来自不同国家的商品流,对其进行分类并使用单一或多式联运将其运输至各个目的地。采用定性定量方法相结合的方式来研究所讨论的问题。研究所使用的数据均来源于学术文章、期刊、书籍和政府工作报告。定量方法涉及多式联运网络和综合多式联运枢纽网络的数学模型的建立,优化过程采用遗传算法和多目标混合整数规划(MIP)技术,通过敏感性分析测试模型的稳健性。定性方法包括案例研究分析、专家访谈和文献综述,案例研究用于测试模型的适用性和评估其解决问题的有效性,专家访谈用于获取当前撒哈拉以南非洲地区对于当前交通和物流网络的现状,包括其优势、劣势和改进的可能领域,文献综述用于深入了解与多式联运网络和综合多式联运枢纽网络设计相关的理论和概念。第一章为绪论。阐述了本文的研究背景和意义,梳理了文章的创新点、研究范围和局限性,介绍了文章的主

关键词：非洲多式联运路径选择枢纽选址多目标优化 NSGA

Evaluation of Excitation Functions of Reactions Used in Production of Some Medical Radioisotopes

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International Journal of Medical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology 2017年第3期6卷 290-303页

作者： idris ahmad Yahya Ibrahim Yola Fatima Salman Koki Department of Physics Bayero University Kano Kano Nigeria

In this work, reaction cross-sections were calculated and Excitation Functions were evaluated for productions of 208Bi, 212,211,210At, 211,210Po isotopes using EXIFON code in the energy range from 0 MeV to 30 MeV. The code is based on an analytical model for statistical multistep direct and multistep compound reactions (SMD/SMC model). This work also investigates the shell structure effect on the reaction cross-section, the results obtained show that the cross-sections of (a, na) reaction for both with shell correction and without shell correction are zeros at energies range considered, this shows that the energy of the incident particle is below the threshold of this reaction due to the present of coulomb repulsive force between the projectile and target nucleus.

关键词： Nuclear Reaction Cross-Section Excitation Function Radioisotope Nuclear Model

International examples of primary care COVID-19 preparedness and response:a comparison of four countries

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2022年第2期10卷 59-63页

作者： Felicity Goodyear-Smith Michael Kidd Tijani idris ahmad Oseni Nagwa Nashat Robert Mash Mehmet Akman Robert L Phillips Chris van Weel Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care The University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand Department of Health Australian GovernmentCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia Department of Family Medicine Ambrose Alli UniversityEkpomaNigeria School of Medicine Menoufia UniversityShebin El-KomEgypt Department of Family and Emergency Medicine Stellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa Department of Family Medicine Marmara UniversityIstanbulTurkey Center for Professionalism and Value in Health Care American Board of Family MedicineLexingtonKentuckyUSA Academic Unit of General Practice Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia

We report the learnings gleaned from a four-country panel(Australia,South Africa,Egypt and Nigeria)sharing their countries’COVID-19 primary healthcare approaches and implementation of policy at the World Organization of Family Doctor’s World virtual conference in *** countries differ considerably with respect to size,national economies,average age,unemployment rates and proportion of people living *** Africa has fared the worst with respect to waves of COVID-19 cases and *** countries introduced strategies such as border closure,COVID-19 testing,physical distancing and face *** and Nigeria mobilised primary care,but the response was mostly public health and hospital-based in South Africa and *** countries rapidly adopted *** countries emphasised the critical importance of an integrated response between primary care and public health to conduct surveillance,diagnose cases through testing,provide community-based care unless hospitalisation is required and vaccinate the population to reduce infection spread.

关键词： testing mostly closure

Application of Lignin from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch （EFB） in Surfactant Formulation

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材料科学与工程（中英文版） 2010年第7期4卷 55-61页

作者： Wan Mohammad Kamal Bin Wan Jaafar Muhammad A. Manan ahmad Kamal idris Radzuan Junin Department of Petroleum Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering Universiti Teknologi MalaysiaSkudai 81310 Johor Malaysia

High levels of Zinc-α-2-Glycoprotein among Omani AIDS patients on combined antiretroviral therapy

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2014年第8期4卷 610-613页

作者： Sidgi Syed Anwer Hasson Mohammed Saeed Al-Balushi Muzna Hamed Al Yahmadi Juma Zaid Al-Busaidi Elias Antony Said Mohammed Shafeeq Othman Talal Abdullah Sallam Mohammed ahmad idris Ali Abdullah Al-Jabri Department of Microbiology and Immunology College of Medicine and Health SciencesSultan Qaboos UniversityPOBox 35MuscatOman Department of Community Health Faculty of Applied Medical SciencesAl-Baha UniversitySaudi Arabia

Objective:To investigate the levels of zinc-α-2-glycoprotein(ZAG) among Omani AIDS patients receiving combined antiretroviral therapy(cART).Methods:A total of 80 Omani AIDS patients(45 males and 33 females),average age of 36 *** were receiving cART at the Saltan Qaboos University Hospital(SQUH).Muscat,Oman,were tested for the levels of *** addition,SO healthy blood donors(46 males and 34 females),average age of 26 years,attending the SOUH Blood Bank,were tested in parallel as a control *** of the ZAG levels was performed using a competitive enzyme—linked immunosorbent assay and in accordance with the manufacturer's ***:The ZAG levels were found to he significantly higher among AIDS patients compared to the healthy individuals(P=0.033).A total of 56(70%) of the AIDS patients were found to have higher levels of ZAG and 16(20%) AIDS patients were found to have high ZAG levels,which are significantly(P>0.031) associated with weight ***:ZAG levels are high among Omani AIDS patients on cART and this necessitales the measurement of ZAG on routine basis,as it is associated with weight loss.

关键词： Zinc-α-2-glycoprotein AIDS Patients Combined antiretroviral therapy Levels Oman