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Spontaneous xenogeneic GvHD in Wilms'tumor Patient-Derived xenograft models and potential solutions

Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2022年第4期5卷 389-396页

作者： Seyed Mostafa Monzavi ahad muhammadnejad Maryam Behfar Amir Arsalan Khorsand Samad muhammadnejad Abdol-Mohammad Kajbafzadeh Department of Applied Cell Sciences School of Advanced Technologies in MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Gene Therapy Research Center Digestive Diseases Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Cancer Biology Research Center Cancer Institute of IranTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran PDX Platform Biomarker Evaluation and Supervision Team for Personalized MedicineMolecular Tumor BoardCancer Institute of IranTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Pediatric Cell and Gene Therapy Research Center Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran

Severely immunocompromised NOD.Cg-PrkdcIl2rg(NOG)mice are among the ideal animal recipients for generation of human cancer models.Transplantation of human solid tumors having abundant tumor-i nfiltrating lymphocytes(TILs)can induce xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease(xGvHD)following engraftment and expansion of the TILs inside the animal body.Wilms’tumor(WT)has not been recognized as a lymphocyte-predominant tumor.However,3 consecutive generations of NOG mice bearing WT patient-derived xenografts(PDX)xenotransplanted from a single donor showed different degrees of inflammatory symptoms after transplantation before any therapeutic intervention.In the initial generation,dermatitis,auto-amputation of digits,weight loss,lymphadenopathy,hepatitis,and interstitial pneumonitis were observed.Despite antibiotic treatment,no response was noticed,and thus the animals were prematurely euthanized(day 47 posttransplantation).Laboratory and histopathologic evaluations revealed lymphoid infiltrates positively immunostained with anti-human CD3 and CD8 antibodies in the xenografts and primary tumor,whereas no microbial infection or lymphoproliferative disorder was found.Mice of the next generation that lived longer(91 days)developed sclerotic skin changes and more severe pneumonitis.Cutaneous symptoms were milder in the last generation.The xenografts of the last 2 generations also contained TILs,and lacked lymphoproliferative transformation.The systemic immunoinflammatory syndrome in the absence of microbial infection and posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder was suggestive of xGvHD.While there are few reports of xGvHD in severely immunodeficient mice xenotransplanted from lymphodominant tumor xenografts,this report for the first time documented serial xGvHD in consecutive passages of WT PDX-bearing models and discussed potential solutions to prevent such an undesired complication.

关键词： graft-versus-host disease patient-derived xenograft models tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes Wilms’tumor

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Gut microbiome in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease associated hepatocellular carcinoma:Current knowledge and potential for therapeutics

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2022年第5期14卷 947-958页

作者： Imaad Said Hassan ahad Adnan Said Brown University ProvidenceRI 02912United States Kansas University LawrenceKS 66045United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineWilliam S.Middleton VAMCUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWI 53705United States

Metabolic diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)are rising in incidence and are an increasingly common cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).The gut microbiome is closely connected to the liver via the portal vein,and has recently been identified as a predictor of liver disease state.Studies in NAFLD,cirrhosis and HCC have identified certain microbial signatures associated with these diseases,with the disease-associated microbiome changes collectively referred to as dysbiosis.The pathophysiologic underpinnings of these observations are an area of ongoing investigation,with current evidence demonstrating that the gut microbiome can influence liver disease and carcinogenesis via effects on intestinal permeability(leaky gut)and activation of the innate immune system.In the innate immune system,pathogen recognition receptors(Toll like receptors)on resident liver cells and macrophages cause liver inflammation,fibrosis,hepatocyte proliferation and reduced antitumor immunity,leading to chronic liver disease and carcinogenesis.Dysbiosis-associated changes include increase in secondary bile acids and reduced expression of FXR(nuclear receptor),which have also been associated with deleterious effects on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism associated with progressive liver disease.Longitudinal experimental and clinical studies are needed in different populations to examine these questions further.The role of therapeutics that modulate the microbiome is an emerging field with experimental studies showing the potential of diet,probiotics,fecal microbiota transplantation and prebiotics in improving liver disease in experimental models.Clinical studies are ongoing with preliminary evidence showing improvement in liver enzymes and steatosis.The microbial profile is different in responders to cancer immunotherapy including liver cancer,but whether or not manipulation of the microbiome can be utilized to affect response is being investigated.

关键词： Microbiome Gut microbiome Hepatocellular carcinoma Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Pathophysiology Treatment

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Assessment of assembly shape and geometric effects on amplification of shear waves using discrete element method

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Particuology 2022年第7期20卷 85-99页

作者： Leila Karbor Seyed Majdeddin Mir Mohammad Hosseini ahad Bagherzadeh Khalkhali Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Amirkabir University of TechnologyTehranIran Civil Engineering Faculty Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran

The discrete element method(DEM)is a capable tool used to simulate shear wave propagation in granular assemblies for many years.Researchers have studied assembly shapes such as rectangles(in 2D simulations)or cylinders and cubes(in 3D simulations).This paper aimed to qualify the effect of assembly shape on the shear wave propagation and maximum amplification in the vertical plane(horizontal and vertical directions)caused by this propagation.To this end,shear wave propagations in different assembly shapes such as rectangle,trapezium,and triangle with rigid boundary conditions were simulated.A sine wave pulse was applied with a point source by moving a particle as the transmitter particle.To evaluate the shear wave velocity of the assemblies,the transmitter and receiver particles were simulated.All the simulations were performed with 2D DEM which is a useful tool to determine the amount and location of the maximum amplification factor of the assembly in both horizontal and vertical directions.An advantage of this study was assessing the effect of parameters such as input wave frequency,assembly height,shape,and aspect ratios on the amplification of the input waves.

关键词： Wave propagation Granular assembly DEM Assembly shape Shear wave

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Geochemical analysis of multi-element in archaeological soils from Tappe Rivi in Northeast Iran

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Acta Geochimica 2022年第1期41卷 132-146页

作者： Abdulmannan Rouhani Hamidreza Azimzadeh ahad Sotoudeh Judith Thomalsky Hojat Emami Graduate of School of Natural Resources and Desert Studies Department of Environmental ScienceYazd UniversityYazdIran German Archaeological Institute Tehran BranchTehranIran Department of Soil Science Ferdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran

Multi-element analysis in historical sites is a major issue in archaeological studies;however,this approach is almost unknown among Iranian scholars.Geochemical multi-element analysis of soil is very important to evaluate anthropogenic activities.The aim of this study consists of assessing the potential usefulness of multi-elemental soil analysis,obtained by Analytical Jena atomic absorption spectrophotometer(AAS) and ICP-MS,to recognize ancient anthropogenic features on the territory of Tappe Rivi(North Khorasan,Iran).For that purpose,a total of 80 ancient soil samples were sampled from each soil horizon and cultural layer.The research involved Fe,Al,Cd,Cu,Ni,Co,Cr,Pb,and P which trace element samples were extracted according to the International Standard ISO 11466 and phosphorus samples by Olsen method.Besides,the contamination of the soils was assessed based on enrichment factors(EFs) by using Fe as a reference element.This geochemical/archaeological approach highlights that the content of most elements in the Parthian and Sassanid ages were significantly higher than the contents of the elements in other zones,which shows that by the development of the eras,the content of the elements has also increased.Also,the accumulation of metals in the Rivi site was significantly higher than in the control area.Among the sampled zones,enrichment factor(EF) indicated that the enrichment of Cu and phosphate at the Parthian and Sassanid had the highest content.This result is important because it shows that the amount of metals and human activities are directly related to each other during different ages.

关键词： Tappe Rivi Multi-element Phosphorus Ancient human impact Samalghan plain

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Investigation of factors affecting rural drinking water consumption using intelligent hybrid models

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Water Science and Engineering 2023年第2期16卷 175-183页

作者： Alireza Mehrabani Bashar Hamed Nozari Safar Marofi Mohamad Mohamadi ahad ahadiiman Department of Water Science and Engineering Faculty of AgricultureBu-Ali Sina UniversityHamedan 65178-38695Iran University of Kurdistan Sanandaj 66177-15175Iran Sustainable Development Office of Hamedan Water and Wastewater Company Hamedan 65159-14478Iran

Identifying the factors affecting drinking water consumption is essential to the rational management of water resources and effective environment protection. In this study, the effects of the factors on rural drinking water demand were studied using the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and hybrid models, such as the ANFIS-genetic algorithm (GA), ANFIS-particle swarm optimization (PSO), and support vector machine (SVM)-simulated annealing (SA). The rural areas of Hamadan Province in Iran were selected for the case study. Five drinking water consumption factors were selected for the assessment according to the literature, data availability, and the characteristics of the study area (such as precipitation, relative humidity, temperature, the number of subscribers, and water price). The results showed that the standard errors of ANFIS, ANFIS-GA, ANFIS-PSO, and SVM-SA were 0.669, 0.619, 0.705, and 0.578, respectively. Therefore, the hybrid model SVM-SA outperformed other models. The sensitivity analysis showed that of the parameters affecting drinking water consumption, the number of subscribers significantly affected the water consumption rate, while the average temperature was the least significant factor. Water price was a factor that could be easily controlled, but it was always one of the least effective parameters due to the low water fee.

关键词： ANFIS Water distribution network Simulated annealing algorithm Support vector machine Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system

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Comparison of CNN-based deep learning architectures for rice diseases classification

Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2023年第3期9卷 22-35页

作者： Md Taimur ahad Yan Li Bo Song Touhid Bhuiyan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Daffodil International UniversitySavarBangladesh School of Mathematics Physics and Computing University of Southern QueenslandToowoombaAustralia School of Engineering University of Southern Queensland ToowoombaAustralia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Faculty of Science and Information TechnologyDaffodil International UniversityBangladesh

Although convolutional neural network(CNN)paradigms have expanded to transfer learning and ensemble models from original individual CNN architectures,few studies have focused on the performance comparison of the applicability of these techniques in detecting and localizing rice diseases.Moreover,most CNN-based rice disease detection studies only considered a small number of diseases in their experiments.Both these shortcomings were addressed in this study.In this study,a rice disease classification comparison of six CNN-based deep-learning architectures(DenseNet121,Inceptionv3,MobileNetV2,resNext101,Resnet152V,and Seresnext101)was conducted using a database of nine of the most epidemic rice diseases in Bangladesh.In addition,we applied a transfer learning approach to DenseNet121,MobileNetV2,Resnet152V,Seresnext101,and an ensemble model called DEX(Densenet121,EfficientNetB7,and Xception)to compare the six individual CNN networks,transfer learning,and ensemble techniques.The results suggest that the ensemble framework provides the best accuracy of 98%,and transfer learning can increase the accuracy by 17%from the results obtained by Seresnext101 in detecting and localizing rice leaf diseases.The high accuracy in detecting and categorisation rice leaf diseases using CNN suggests that the deep CNN model is promising in the plant disease detection domain and can significantly impact the detection of diseases in real-time agricultural systems.This research is significant for farmers in rice-growing countries,as like many other plant diseases,rice diseases require timely and early identification of infected diseases and this research develops a rice leaf detection system based on CNN that is expected to help farmers to make fast decisions to protect their agricultural yields and quality.

关键词： Deep learning Convolutional neural networks(CNNs) Transfer learning Plant leaf disease detection

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Exploring the criteria and factors affecting firefighters’resilience:A qualitative study

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2022年第2期25卷 107-114页

作者： ahad Heydari Abbas Ostadtaghizadeh Ali Ardalan Abbas Ebadi Iraj Mohammadfam Davoud Khorasani-Zavareh Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Behavioral Sciences Research Center Life Style InstituteBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Nursing Faculty Baqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Center of Excellence for Occupational Health Occupational Health and Safety Research CenterSchool of Public HealthHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran Workplace Health Promotion Research Center(WHPRC) Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters School of Public Health and SafetyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran

Purpose:Firefighters are exposed to high levels of occupational risk factors,such as safety risks,chemical,ergonomic,and physical hazards that may jeopardize their lives.To overcome these hazards,firefighters must be physically,mentally,and personally fit to work.This study aimed to explore the criteria and factors affecting firefighters'resilience based on stakeholders’experiences.Methods:This qualitative study was carried out using conventional content analysis.In total,21 face-to-face interviews were conducted by firefighters who were experienced in the field.The interviews were carried out from July 2019 to January 2020.The data were collected using 3 unstructured interviews and then resumed by 18 semi-structured interviews.Data analysis was done using Graneheim method.Results:The participants had more than 5 years of experience in the field of search and rescue.The extracted codes through data analysis were classified into 3 main categories(individual,organizational,and social factors),9 sub-categories(mental,physical,occupational,managerial,colleagues-related,equipment-related,environmental,community-related,and family-related factors),as well as 19 sub-sub-categories and 570 codes.Conclusion:Firefighters'personality,physical condition,behavior and psychological characteristics can affect their resilience along with organizational and management factors that play significant role in people's safety.Developing a tool for assessing resilience can help decision makers to have a real depict of firefighters'job qualifications.

关键词： Qualitative research Safety Resilience Firefighters

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Design Principles-Based Interactive Learning Tool for Solving Nonlinear Equations

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第3期40卷 1023-1042页

作者： ahad Alloqmani Omimah Alsaedi Nadia Bahatheg Reem Alnanih Lamiaa Elrefaei Computer Sciences Department Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia Electrical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering at ShoubraBenha UniversityCairoEgypt

Interactive learning tools can facilitate the learning process and increase student engagement,especially tools such as computer programs that are designed for human-computer interaction.Thus,this paper aims to help students learn five different methods for solving nonlinear equations using an interactive learning tool designed with common principles such as feedback,visibility,affordance,consistency,and constraints.It also compares these methods by the number of iterations and time required to display the result.This study helps students learn these methods using interactive learning tools instead of relying on traditional teaching methods.The tool is implemented using the MATLAB app and is evaluated through usability testing with two groups of users that are categorized by their level of experience with root-finding.Users with no knowledge in root-finding confirmed that they understood the root-finding concept when interacting with the designed tool.The positive results of the user evaluation showed that the tool can be recommended to other users.

关键词： Graphical user interface(GUI) interactive learning tool design principles nonlinear equations experimental design

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Deep learning long short-term memory combined with discrete element method for porosity prediction in gravel-bed rivers

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2023年第1期38卷 128-140页

作者： Duong Tran Anh ahad Hasan Tanim Daniel Prakash Kushwaha Quoc Bao Pham Van Hieu Bui HUTECH University Center for River Harbor and Landslide Research Chittagong University of Engineering & Technology Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Institute of Applied Technology Thu Dau Mot University Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Thuyloi University

The porosity of gravel riverbed material often is an essential parameter to estimate the sediment transport rate, groundwater-river flow interaction, river ecosystem, and fluvial geomorphology. Current methods of porosity estimation are time-consuming in simulation. To evaluate the relation between porosity and grain size distribution(GSD), this study proposed a hybrid model of deep learning Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM) combined with the Discrete Element Method(DEM). The DEM is applied to model the packing pattern of gravel-bed structure and fine sediment infiltration processes in threedimensional(3D) space. The combined approaches for porosity calculation enable the porosity to be determined through real time images, fast labeling to be applied, and validation to be done. DEM outputs based on the porosity dataset were utilized to develop the deep learning LSTM model for predicting bed porosity based on the GSD. The simulation results validated with the experimental data then segregated into 800 cross sections along the vertical direction of gravel pack. Two DEM packing cases, i.e., clogging and penetration are tested to predict the porosity. The LSTM model performance measures for porosity estimation along the z-direction are the coefficient of determination(R~2), root mean squared error(RMSE), and mean absolute error(MAE) with values of 0.99, 0.01, and 0.01 respectively, which is better than the values obtained for the Clogging case which are 0.71, 0.14, and 0.03, respectively. The use of the LSTM in combination with the DEM model yields satisfactory results in a less complex gravel pack DEM setup, suggesting that it could be a viable alternative to minimize the simulation time and provide a robust tool for gravel riverbed porosity prediction. The simulated results showed that the hybrid model of the LSTM combined with the DEM is reliable and accurate in porosity prediction in gravel-bed river test samples.

关键词： Numerical modeling Discrete element method LSTM Bed porosity Gravel-bed river

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Current and emerging pharmacological therapy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第42期23卷 7495-7504页

作者： ahad Eshraghian Gastroenterohepatology Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences

The main treatment of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is life style modification including weight reduction and dietary regimen.Majority of patients are safely treated with this management and pharmacologic interventions are not recommended. However, a subgroup of NAFLD patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) who cannot achieve goals of life style modification may need pharmacological therapy. One major obstacle is measurement of histological outcome by liver biopsy which is an invasive method and is not recommended routinely in these patients. Several medications, mainly targeting baseline mechanism of NAFLD, have been investigated in clinical trials for treatment of NASH with promising results. At present, only pioglitazone acting as insulin sensitizing agent and vitamin E as an antioxidant have been recommended for treatment of NASH by international guidelines. Lipid lowering agents including statins and fibrates, pentoxifylline, angiotensin receptor blockers, ursodeoxycholic acid, probiotics and synbiotics are current agents with beneficial effects for treatment of NASH but have not been approved yet. Several emerging medications are in development for treatment of NASH. Obeticholic acid, liraglutide, elafibranor, cenicriviroc and aramchol have been tested in clinical trials or are completing trials. Here in, current and upcoming medications with promising results in clinical trial for treatment of NAFLD were reviewed.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Vitamin E Pioglitazone Pharmacological therapy Obeticholic acid

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