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Low Birth Weight in Neonates of Iran 2015

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2017年第10期7卷 202-209页

作者： Hossein Kazemeini Hamid Reza Lornezhad ahad Banar PHC Center Ministry of Health and Medical Education Tehran Iran Family Health Office Ministry of Health and Medical Education Tehran Iran Office of Strategic Planning and Control Ministry of Health and Medical Education Tehran Iran

Background: Low birth weight has been defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as weight at birth of less than 2500 grams. Any baby born prematurely is more likely to be small. However there are other factors that can also contribute to the risk of low birth weight, these include: race, mothers’ age, multiple births, mothers’ health and mothers of lower socioeconomic status. The incidence of low birth weight is monitored through both health system surveillance and household surveys. Among regions, South Asia has the highest incidence of low birth weight, with one in four newborns weighing less than 2500 grams. In a study in Iran the prevalence of LBW was estimated 7 percent (SD 95%), prevalence of LBW is different according to the geographical region. Methods: Demographic data got from mothers and children height and weight measured by trained staffs in and out of hospital and health facilities. Results: Total number of births in Iran in 2015 is 1,509,081 that from this 777,351 are male, 731,014 are female and 716 ambiguous. The percentage of LBW in male, female and ambiguous is 6.5, 7.7 and 53.9 respectively. The highest percent of LBW in female was related to Sistan Blochestan province with 12.6 and the lowest percent to Lorestan province with 5.6 percent. Discussion: According to the guidelines published by World Health Organization (WHO), any neonate with a birth weight less than 2500 grams is considered to be LBW. LBW and PTM are leading causes of adverse perinatal outcomes and are closely related to neonatal diseases and deaths. In the world, there are more than 20 million LBW infants born each year that 95.6% are born in developing countries. In the present study, the number of LBW neonate in male, female and ambiguous was 50,569, 55,972 and 386;the percentage of LBW in male, female and ambiguous was 6.5, 7.7 and 53.9 respectively. Regarding the prognosis of LBW, with development of perinatology, the survival rate of LBW infants has substantially increa

关键词： LBW Iran 2015

Full Wave Analysis and Design of a Photonic Crystal Substrate Patch Antenna

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Full Wave Analysis and Design of a Photonic Crystal Substrat...

Application of Steel Fiber in Increasing the Strength, Life-Period and Reducing Overall Cost of Road Construction (by Minimizing the Thickness of Pavement)

2004 3rd International Conference on Computational Electromagnetics and Its Applications

作者： Hamidreza Azarinia ahad Tavakoli Electrical Engineering Dep. Amirkabir University of Technology

＜正＞Planar microstrip patch antennas can achieve a wide range of radiation ***,due to surface-wave losses,they have low bandwidth,low gain, and a potential decrease in radiation *** order to minimize the surfacewave effects,a photonic-band gap（PBG） substrate is *** PBG structure significantly diminishes the surface wave modes and thus improves the gain and farfield radiation pattern and *** this paper,using FDTD,an accurate full wave analysis of surface wave propagation in a rectangular microstrip patch antenna with and without PBG is presented.

关键词： Photonic crystals Patch antennas Surface waves Antenna radiation patterns Bandwidth Finite difference methods Periodic structures Microstrip antennas Optical losses Time domain analysis

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2015年第4期3卷 240-250页

作者： Abdul ahad Zishan Raza Khan Shumank Deep Srivastava Department of Civil Engineering Integral University Lucknow India

Recently, the use of steel fiber at high rates has been introduced as the sole method of reinforcement for fully elevated-suspended slabs having long span such as 5 m to 8 m each way, with a span to depth ratio of up to 33 [1]. As a result of long practical experience the total replacement of traditional rebar is a new routine. Now it is also used in the designing of SFRC pavements over conventional concrete pavements. Within the project framework a demonstration of a steel-fiber-reinforced roller-compacted concrete (SFR-RCC) pavement was constructed in a rural as well as urban area. In order to assess the economical condition of the demonstration pavement, life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) studies were undertaken. This is the advancement study of the various papers which is already published in many publications which serve as the main and important source of study for the research. Many applications of steel fiber are listed in the paper but the main output of this paper is that SFR-RCC is more economically sustainable than others and also helps in reducing the thickness of the pavement up to 20 to 25 percent, due to the excessive strength of steel fiber. The roads of the present system required high cost investment. And the life period is almost 20 years theoretically but the actual life of the road is depending on the maintenance and the applied load. The constructions of road have been done since the 3500 BC but the method does not change fully. Also the cost of the construction is increased continuously;as a result, the construction of roads is more and more complicated and time taken. For the better and economical construction of the roads, we use steel fibers in the composite pavement. The theoretical plan of the construction of composite pavement is given in the methodology, which gives the appropriate idea about the construction of road using steel fiber. Here we use the composite pavement in which the steel fiber is mixed in

关键词： Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) Roads History of Roads Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) Concrete Reinforcement Economical Road

Design of Secure and Traceable Requirement Engineering Process for Security-Sensitive Projects

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2017年第12期10卷 873-883页

作者： Abdul ahad Luqman Tariq Saba Niaz Muhammad Inam Department of Computer Science Virtual University Lahore Pakistan Department of Computer Science Preston University Islamabad Pakistan Department of Computer Science Beijing University of Technology Beijing China

With continuous evolution in software industry, security is becoming very important in software projects. However, in many development methodologies, security is thought to be added in the project at later stages of the development lifecycle. There are also many proposed methodologies where the security measures are considered at requirement engineering stage of the development lifecycle, but many of them still do not seem adequate for applicability due to the reason that these approaches do not provide sufficient support for mapping the security requirements to the later stages of development. So, we are in need of a software requirement engineering approach, which is not only helpful in security requirement specification at requirement engineering stage but also provides support for using the specified security requirements at later stages of development. To meet this requirement, we introduce a new method Secure and Traceable Requirement Engineering Process (STREP). This method also helps the non-security-expert requirement engineers to specify requirements in such a way that the specified requirements can be used to derive security related test cases. STREP method not only deals with security issues of the system at requirement engineering stage, but also makes the security requirements more traceable to be used at later stages of development lifecycle, and as a result, secure systems are produced that are also usable as the customer wishes.

关键词： Traceable Usable Security Requirements Requirement Specification Development Lifecycle SRE Method

Comparison of Traffic Growth Factors in Three Major Highways of Bangladesh： A Case Study

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering 2015年第2期3卷 111-117页

作者： Mohammad ahad Ullah Hamid Nikraz Md. Shamsul Hoque Department of Civil Engineering Curtin University Perth 6102 Australia Department of Civil Engineering BUET (Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology) Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh

The unanticipated increase in vehicle population and heavy axle loads has brought the road network of Bangladesh to a crumbling stage. The network is grossly short of its structural capacity, highly distressed and has started showing signs of premature failure. The RHD （Roads and Highways Department） of Bangladesh uses 8%-10% growth rate of traffic for structural design of these highways that need to be upgraded due to present high traffic volume demand. An attempt has been made through this case study, by using traffic flow data from different computerized toll plaza established in recent times, to predict traffic growth pattern of different highways of Bangladesh. The toll collectors of different computerized toll plaza have been recording and preserving round-the-year continuous flow data in a systematic manner. The study has taken this prospect of utilizing several years of flow data along Dhaka-Chittagong Highway （N-1）, Dhaka-Sylhet Highway （N-2）, Dhaka-North Bengal Highway （N-5） and found the traffic growth factor of 21.03%, 23.79% and 11.31%, respectively, which is much higher than that transport authority of Bangladesh is currently using. By the use of accurate traffic engineering parameters such as traffic growth factors, it is possible to resist frequent distress of pavement and sustainable pavement management can be implemented by RHD.

关键词： Traffic growth factor traffic volume national highway geometric design standard.

Assessing the Safety Impacts of Increased Speed Limits on Kansas Freeways

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2019年第1期9卷 56-77页

作者： Reza S. Shirazinejad Sunanda Dissanayake ahad Amini Pishro Department of Civil Engineering Kansas State University Manhattan USA Department of Civil and Construction Engineering Kennesaw State University Kennesaw USA Department of Civil Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China

Suitable speed limit is important for providing safety for road users. Lower-than-required posted speed limits could cause the majority of drivers non-compliant and higher-than-required posted speed limits may also increase the number of crashes with related severities. The speed limit raised in Kansas from 70 mph to 75 mph on a number of freeway segments in 2011. The goal of this study is to assess the safety impacts of the freeway sections influenced by speed limit increase. Three years before and three years after speed limit increase was considered and three methods were used: 1-Empirical Bayes (EB), 2-before-and-after with comparison group, and 3-cross-sectional study. The Crash Modification Factors (CMFs) were estimated and showed 16 percent increase for total crashes according to EB method. Further, the before-and-after with comparison group method showed 27 percent increase in total crashes and 35 percent increase on fatal and injury crashes. The cross- sectional method also presented 25 percent increase on total crashes and 62 percent increase on fatal and injury crashes. It was seen that these increases were statistically significant.

关键词： Speed Limit Increase Fatal and Injury Crashes Freeways Safety Evaluation Crash Modification Factors

Increasing the use of biocompatible,glucose-free peritoneal dialysis solutions

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World Journal of Nephrology 2015年第1期4卷 92-97页

作者： ahad Qayyum Elizabeth Ley Oei Klara Paudel Stanley L Fan Department of Renal Medicine and Transplantation The Royal London HospitalBarts Health NHS TrustLondon E1 1BBUnited Kingdom Department of Renal Medicine and Transplantation Singapore General HospitalSingapore 169608Singapore

A major concern inhibiting some clinicians from embracing peritoneal dialysis(PD) as the preferred first modality of dialysis is the effects of PD solutions on the peritoneal membrane. These anatomical and functional changes predispose to complications like peritonitis,encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis and ultrafiltration failure. In recent years, "biocompatible" and glucosesparing PD regimens have been developed to minimize damage to the peritoneal membrane. Can the use of these more expensive solutions be justified on current evidence? In this review of the literature, we explore how we may individualize the prescription of biocompatible PD fluid.

关键词： Individualized prescription Biocompatibility Peritoneal dialysis Glucose degradation products Peritonitis Ultrafiltration failure Residual renal function

Design, Simulation &Optimization of 2D Photonic Crystal Power Splitter

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Optics and Photonics Journal 2013年第2期3卷 13-19页

作者： Rajib Ahmed Md. Masruf Khan Rifat Ahmmed Abdul ahad Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering University of Information Technology & Science Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology Rajshahi Bangladesh Department of Physics Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka Bangladesh Photonic Networks Engineering (MAPNET) Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna Pisa Italy

A very compact (80 - 100 μm2) integrated power splitting devices with two outputs (1 × 2), four outputs (1 × 4) and six outputs (1 × 6) channel has been designed, simulated and optimized for Telecommunication purpose with T-Junction, Y-Junction, PC line defect waveguides integrated with multimode interference block (PCLD-MMI) and multiple line defect PC waveguides (MLDPCW) configurations. The optical modeling of these proposed structures was investigated by finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation. With the optimization of the parameters (Hole Radius, R = 0.128 μm, Input Diameter, D = 1.02 μm, Input wavelength, λ = 1.55 μm, Substrate Reflective Index, nsub = Si(1.52), Photonic Crystal Material, npcs = InAs(3.45), and Rectangular crystal structure), 1 × 2 for Y-Junction (100%), 1 × 4 for T-Junction (92.8%) and 1 × 6 configuration for MLDPCW (81%) show maximum power transmission.

关键词： Power Splitter Photonic Crystals Finite Difference Time Domain PCLDMMI MLDPCW

Solving the independent set problem by sticker based DNA computers

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2012年第2期2卷 153-158页

作者： Hassan Taghipour ahad Taghipour Mahdi Rezaei Heydar Ali Esmaili Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering Isfahan University Isfahan Iran Department of Pathology Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran Department of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Tabriz University Tabriz Iran

In this paper, the sticker based DNA computing was used for solving the independent set problem. At first, solution space was constructed by using appropriate DNA memory complexes. We defined a new operation called “divide” and applied it in construction of solution space. Then, by application of a sticker based parallel algorithm using biological operations, independent set problem was resolved in polynomial time.

关键词： Parallel Computing Sticker Based DNA Computers Independent Set Problem NP-Complete Problem