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Do mowing regimes affect plant and soil biological activity in the mountain meadows of Southern Poland?

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第11期15卷 2409-2421页

作者： JóZEFOWSKA agnieszka ZALESKI Tomasz ZARZYCKI Jan FRACZEK Krzysztof Institute of Soil Science and Agrophysics Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection University of Agriculture in Krakow Department of Ecology Climatology and Air Protection University of Agriculture in Krakow Department of Microbiology University of Agriculture in Krakow

The soil biological activity of mountain meadows is a significant factor that determines the health and utility of these regions. The climax stage of this area is forest, but to maintain semi-natural grassland, which is characterised by high biodiversity,low-intensity land use(mowing or grazing) is necessarily required. To understand the effect of various mowing regimes on the soil biological activity and plants, the soil microbial activity(microbial biomass carbon, dehydrogenase activity and number of the cultivable fraction of soil microbial community),annelids community(density and species composition earthworms and enchytraeids) and plant species composition were investigated. The study area was located in the Pieniny National Park in the Carpathian Mountains, in a meadow belonging to the association Dactylis glomerata-Poa trivialis. The investigated variants were divided according to mowing regime:traditional scything – hand mowing(HM), mechanical mowing(MM), or the abandonment of mowing – nonmowing(NM). The microbial activities(expressed by,e.g. microbial biomass carbon and the number of phosphorus bacteria) were affected by the mowing regime. The density of earthworms was higher in the HM and MM than in the NM variants. The largest changes in plant species composition were caused by the abandonment of mowing(NM). The mean number of plant species was positively correlated with soil moisture, earthworm density, and microbial activity(expressed indirectly by dehydrogenases activity). The soil microbial community, such as vegetative bacteria forms and ammonifying bacteria,were positively associated with pH value, and the microbial and total organic carbon content. The results presented here indicate that there is no single form of optimal management for all living *** about mowing regimes, or abandonment of use, should be preceded by multi-aspect studies,including plants and soil biota.

关键词： Mowing techniques Grassland management Earthworms Enchytraeids Microorganisms Biodiversity

Biodegradation of beet molasses vinasse by a mixed culture of micro organisms:Effect of aeration conditions and pH control

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第11期23卷 1823-1830页

作者： Krzysztof Lutoslawski agnieszka Ryznar-Luty Edmund Cibis Malgorzata Krzywonos Tadeusz Miskiewicz Department of Bioprocess Engineering Wroclaw University of EconomicsKomandorska 118/12053-345 WroclawPoland

The effect of aeration conditions and pH control on the progress and efficiency of beet molasses vinasse biodegradation was investigated during four batch processes at 38°C with the mixed microbial culture composed of Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus,Lactococcus,Streptococcus,Bacillus,Rhodopseudomonas,and *** four processes were carried out in a shake flask with no pH control,an aerobic bioreactor without mixing with no pH control,and a stirred-tank reactor （STR） with aeration with and without pH control,*** experiments were started with an initial pH *** highest efficiency of biodegradation was achieved through the processes conducted in the STR,where betaine （an organic pollutant occurring in beet molasses in very large quantities） was completely degraded by the *** process with no pH control carried out in the STR produced the highest reduction in the following pollution measures：organic matter expressed as chemical oxygen demand determined by the dichromatic method ＋ theoretical COD of betaine （COD sum,85.5%）,total organic carbon （TOC,78.8%） and five-day biological oxygen demand （BOD 5,98.6%）.The process conditions applied in the shake flask experiments,as well as those used in the aerobic bioreactor without mixing,failed to provide complete betaine *** a consequence,reduction in COD sum,TOC and BOD 5 was approximately half that obtained with STR.

关键词： aerobic biodegradation batch process beet molasses vinasse mesophilic conditions mixed culture of microorganisms

The Application of Cellulose Nanocrystals Modified with Succinic Anhydride under the Microwave Irradiation for Preparation of Polylactic Acid Nanocomposites

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2021年第6期9卷 1127-1142页

作者： Ewa Szefer agnieszka Leszczyńska Edyta Hebda Krzysztof Pielichowski Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers Cracow University of TechnologyKrakow31-155Poland

The aim of this work was to use cellulose nanocrystals that were obtained by hydrolysis in phosphoric acid solution and further modified with succinic anhydride in the microwave field for PLA reinforcement.A series of allbionanocomposites containing unmodified and surface modified cellulose nanocrystals with CNC content in the range of 1–3%_(w.t.) were obtained by melt blending and tested by XRD,SEM,DSC and DMA to investigate the effect of surface esterification of CNCs on the structure,morphology,dynamic mechanical properties of bionanocomposites,as well as phase transitions of PLA in the presence of cellulosic *** investigations showed the highest increase of storage modulus by ca.7%(335 MPa at 25℃)in the glassy state of PLA for 2%_(w.t.)of unmodified ***,addition of 2%_(w.t.)of succinylated CNCs caused the highest increase of the onset of glass transition temperature(by 6.2℃)thus widening the temperature range of biocomposite *** increase of glass transition temperature indicates the strongest interfacial interactions due to improved miscibility of surface modified nanocrystals and thus good dispersion of additive in PLA matrix providing high interface.

关键词： Cellulose nanocrystals CNC whiskers surface modification succinic anhydride PLA polylactic acid nanocomposites

A review of science–policy interface for water governance in the Caspian Sea

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干旱区科学:英文版 2023年第10期15卷 1143-1159页

作者： Apoorva BAMAL Sogol MORADIAN Ali TORABI-HAGHIGHI agnieszka INDIANA-OLBERT College of Science and Engineering University of GalwayGalway H91 TK33Ireland Ryan Institute University of GalwayGalway H91 TK33Ireland MaREI Research Centre University of GalwayGalway H91 TK33Ireland Eco-HydroInformatics Research Group(EHIRG) Civil EngineeringNational University of Ireland GalwayGalway H91 TK33Ireland Water Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Unit University of OuluOulu FI-90014Finland

Science and policy have been interlinked for decades and perform essential nexus conditions in the governing aspects of environmental *** review paper examines the present challenges in the science–policy interface in terms of water governance in the Caspian Sea and identifies effective conditions that may be used in the current context to enhance the *** evaluation of the science–policy link in the water policy of the Caspian Sea reveals a gap between knowledge producer and governance system,impeding the translation of scientific information into *** and context-dependent solutions make it challenging to establish effective science–policy processes in the Caspian Sea water governance *** a common governing authority,implementing water and resource management regulations,and protecting the natural environment through legal frameworks are crucial steps to address these concerns and ensure sustainable *** among coastal states is essential in environmental,economic,and social aspects of regional ***,the lack of a comprehensive approach,coherent activities,and effective utilization of national and regional power has hindered efforts to halt the environmental degradation of the Caspian *** governments need to recognize their responsibility to protect and utilize the Caspian Sea for present and future generations,considering both environmental and human *** interlinkage of the Caspian Sea water governance with the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)water governance principles offers a framework for policymakers to assess gaps and make necessary amendments to existing *** science–policy interaction,engagement of diverse stakeholders,institutionalizing agreements,and addressing collective action issues are critical for successful water governance.

关键词： resource management Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development water security water governance principle Caspian Sea

Electronic fingerprint mechanism of NO_(x) sensor based on single-material SnP_(3) logical junction

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 2107-2116页

作者： Muhammad S.Ramzan agnieszka B.Kuc Han Seul Kim Department of Physics and Earth Sciences Jacobs University BremenCampus Ring 128759BremenGermany Institut für Physik Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg26129OldenburgGermany Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Abteilung RessourcenökologieForschungsstelle LeipzigPermoserstr.1504318LeipzigGermany Division of National Supercomputing R&D Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information(KISTI)245 Daehak-roYuseong-guDaejeon34141Republic of Korea

An extraordinary sensing ability of the SnP3-based single-material logical junction for harmful NO_(x)gases was explored in the present work through a set of first-principles electronic structure *** a sensing platform,a metal-semiconductor-metal lateral junction composed of a single material was designed based on the metallic/semiconducting characteristics of trilayer/monolayer SnP_(3).Lacking a Schottky barrier at the electrode-channel interface,the gas-specific charge transfer between the SnP_(3) layer and gas molecules was precisely detected based on the current-voltage ***_(x)gases with strong adsorption strength and charge transfer amount on the SnP_(3)substrate were shown to be particularly well detected in this manner,in terms of either the absolute magnitude of the current or negative differential resistance(NDR)at a reasonably small bias voltage as a sensing *** work will provide a new pathway to design a Schottky barrier-free metal-semiconductor junction for highly sensitive sensor applications.

关键词： gases barrier charge

Pathophysiological and clinical aspects of gastric hyperplastic polyps

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第40期22卷 8883-8891页

作者： Adam Roman Markowski agnieszka Markowska Katarzyna Guzinska-Ustymowicz Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Polish Red Cross Memorial Municipal Hospital Department of Organic Chemistry Medical University of Bialystok Department of General Pathomorphology Medical University of Bialystok

Gastric polyps become a major clinical problem because of high prevalence and tendency to malignant transformation of some of them. The development of gastric hyperplastic polyps results from excessive proliferation of foveolar cells accompanied by their increased exfoliation, and they are macroscopically indistinguishable from other polyps with lower or higher malignant potential. Panendoscopy allows detection and differentiation of gastric polyps, usually after obtaining histopathological biopsy specimens. Unremoved gastric hyperplastic polyps may enlarge and sometimes spontaneously undergo a sequential progression to cancer. For this reason, gastric hyperplastic polyps larger than 5 mm in size should be removed in one piece. After excision of polyps with atypical focal lesion, endoscopic surveillance is suggested depending on histopathological diagnosis and possibility of confirming the completeness of endoscopic resection. Because of the risk of cancer development also in gastric mucosa outside the polyp, neighboring fragments of gastric mucosa should undergo microscopic investigations. This procedure allows for identification of patients who can benefit most from oncological endoscopic surveillance. If Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection of the gastric mucosa is confirmed, treatment strategies should include eradication of bacteria, which may prevent progression of intestinal metaplasia. The efficacy of H. pylori eradication should be checked 3-6 mo later.

关键词： Gastric hyperplastic polyp Pathophysiology Gastric cancer Surveillance

Probabilistic Properties of a Curve Number:A Case Study for Small Polish and Slovak Carpathian Basins

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第3期12卷 533-548页

作者： agnieszka RUTKOWSKA Silvia KOHNOVá Kazimierz BANASIK Ján SZOLGAY Beata KARABOVá Department of Applied Mathematics University of AgricultureBalicka Department of Land and Water Resources Management Faculty of Civil EngineeringSlovak University of Technology Department of River Engineering Sedimentation LabWarsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW

The proper determination of the curve number （CN） in the SCS-CN method reduces errors in predicting runoff volume. In this paper the variability of CN was studied for 5 Slovak and S Polish Carpathian catchments. Empirical curve numbers were applied to the distribution fitting. Next, theoretical characteristics of CN were estimated. For loo-CN the Generalized Extreme Value （GEV） distribution was identified as the best fit in most of the catchments. An assessment of the differences between the characteristics estimated from theoretical distributions and the tabulated values of CN was performed. The comparison between the antecedent runoff conditions （ARC） of Hawkins and Hjelmfelt was also completed. The analysis was done for various magnitudes of rainfall. Confidence intervals （CI） were helpful in this evaluation. The studies revealed discordances between the tabulated and estimated CNs. The tabulated CNs were usually lower than estimated values; therefore, an application of the median value and the probabilistic ARC of Hjelmfelt for wet runoff conditions is advisable. For dry conditions the ARC of Hjelmfelt usually better estimated CN than ARC of Hawkins did, but in several catchments neither the ARC of Hawkins nor Hjelmfelt sufficiently depicted the variability in CN.

关键词： Curve number Theoretical distribution Antecedent runoff eonditions

Nitrogen removal from wastewater and bacterial diversity in activated sludge at different COD/N ratios and dissolved oxygen concentrations

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第6期24卷 990-998页

作者： Magdalena Zielińska Katarzyna Bernat agnieszka Cydzik-Kwiatkowska Joanna Sobolewska Irena Wojnowska-Baryla Department of Environmental Biotechnology University of Warmia and Mazury in OlsztynS oneczna St.45G10-709 OlsztynPoland

The impact of the organic carbon to nitrogen ratio （chemical oxygen demand （COD）/N） in wastewater and dissolved oxygen （DO） concentration on carbon and nitrogen removal efficiency, and total bacteria and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria （AOB） communities in activated sludge in constantly aerated sequencing batch reactors （SBRs） was determined. At DO of 0.5 and 1.5 mg O2/L during the aeration phase, the efficiency of ammonia oxidation exceeded 90%, with nitrates as the main product. Nitrification and denitrification achieved under the same operating conditions suggested the simultaneous course of these processes. The most effective nitrogen elimination （above 50%） was obtained at the COD/N ratio of 6.8 and DO of 0.5 mg O2/L. Total bacterial diversity was similar in all experimental series, however, for both COD/N ratios of 6.8 and 0.7, higher values were observed at DO of 0.5 mg O2/L. The diversity and abundance of AOB were higher in the reactors with the COD/N ratio of 0.7 in comparison with the reactors with the COD/N of 6.8. For both COD/N ratios applied, the AOB population was not affected by oxygen concentration. Amplicons with sequences indicating membership of the genus Nitrosospira were the determinants of variable technological conditions.

关键词： nitrogen removal activated sludge COD/N ratio oxygen concentration ammonia-oxidizing bacteria microbial diversity

Interrelationship between soil depth and soil properties of Pieniny National Park forest(Poland)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第7期16卷 1534-1545页

作者： Justyna SOKO?OWSKA agnieszka JóZEFOWSKA Karolina WO?NICA Tomasz ZALESKI Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection Institute of Soil Science and Agrophysics University of Agriculture in Krakow

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between soil biota such as microbial activity,soil fauna(e.g.,earthworms and enchytraeids),and soil physical and chemical *** study area was located in Pieniny National Park(PNP)in the Carpathian Mountains in southern *** samples were collected from six forest monitoring areas of PNP from two soil layers(at 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm down,respectively).The investigated soils were classified to eutric cambisols and had silt or silt loam soil *** analysis,soil aggregate stability index was connected with other physical,chemical,and biological soil *** was noted that the stability index of 3 mm to 5 mm soil aggregates influenced pH and dissolved organic *** stability index of 2 mm to 3 mm soil aggregates was positively correlated with dissolved organic carbon,soil moisture,microbial biomass carbon,total organic carbon,total nitrogen,and enchytraeid density,and negatively correlated with bulk density,particle density,porosity,and permanent wilting *** stability index of 1 mm to 2 mm soil aggregates was positively correlated with total nitrogen,enchytraeid and earthworm density and negatively correlated with particle density,porosity,and permanent wilting *** study has shown what factors create a stable soil structure in the forest soils of PNP.

关键词： Aggregate stability Forest soils Microorganisms Earthworms Enchytraeids Physical properties Chemical properties