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Eval.ation of the Performance of ENACTS MAP-ROOM Products over Tanzania

Atmospheric and Cl.mate Sciences 2019年第2期9卷 202-212页

作者： Phil.ert M. l.hunga agnes l. kijazi l.disl.us Chang’a Hashim Ng’ongol. Al.red Kondowe Tanzania Meteorol.gical.Agency Research Section Dar es Salaam Tanzania Tanzania Meteorol.gical.Agency Climatology and Climate Change Section Dar es Salaam Tanzania Tanzania Meteorol.gical.Agency Numerical Weather Prediction Section Dar es Salaam Tanzania

Tanzania has inadequate weather stations (28-synoptic weather stations), which are sparsel. distributed over compl.x topographic terrain. Many pl.ces, especial.y rural.areas, have no stations to monitor weather and cl.mate. In this study, we eval.ate the performance of ENACT-MAPROOM products over Tanzania with the aim of assessing their potential.to suppl.ment observed weather and cl.mate data, especial.y over areas where there is l.mited number of weather stations. Monthl. rainfal. total.and monthl. averaged minimum and maximum temperatures from ENACT-MAPROOM are eval.ated against observed data from 23 weather stations. The eval.ation is l.mited to anal.ze how wel. the ENACT-MAPROOM products reproduce cl.matol.gical.trends, annual.cycl.s and inter-annual.variabil.ty of rainfal., minimum and maximum temperatures. Statistical.anal.sis recommended by the Worl. Meteorol.gical.Organization (WMO) that incl.des that correl.tion and trend anal.sis are used. It is found that ENACT-MAPROOM products reproduce the cl.matol.gical.trends, annual.cycl.s and inter-annual.variabil.ty of rainfal., minimum and maximum temperatures over most stations. The statistical.rel.tionship between ENACT-MAPROOM products against observed data from 23 weather stations using Pearson correl.tion coefficient indicates that ENACT-MAPROOM products bear strong and statistical.y significant correl.tion coefficient to observed data. The overal. eval.ation here finds high skil.s of ENACT-MAPROOM products in representing rainfal. and temperature over Tanzania, suggesting their potential.use in pl.nning and decision making especial.y over areas with l.mited number of weather stations.

关键词： Cl.mate Change Rainfal. Temperature ENACT-MAPROOM Products

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Spatial.and Temporal.Anal.sis of Rainfal. and Temperature Extreme Indices in Tanzania

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Atmospheric and Cl.mate Sciences 2017年第4期7卷 525-539页

作者： l.disl.us B. Chang’a agnes l. kijazi Phil.ert M. l.hunga Hashim K. Ng’ongol. Habiba I. Mtongor Tanzania Meteorol.gical.Agency Research Section Dar es Salaam Tanzania

Cl.mate extreme indices in Tanzania for the period 1961-2015 are anal.zed us-ing qual.ty control.ed dail. rainfal., maximum and minimum temperatures data. RCl.mdex and National.Cl.mate Monitoring Products (NCMP) software devel.ped by the commission for cl.matol.gy of the Worl. Meteorol.gical.Organization (WMO) were used for the computation of the indices at the respective stations at monthl. and annual.time scal.s. The trends of the extreme indices averaged over the country were computed and tested for statistical.significance. Resul.s showed a widespread statistical.significant increase in temperature extremes consistent with gl.bal.warming patterns. On average, the annual.timescal. indicate that mean temperature anomal. has increased by 0.69°C, mean percentage of warm days has increased by 9.37%, and mean percentage of warm nights has increased by 12.05%. Mean percentage of col. days and nights have decreased by 7.64% and 10.00% respectivel.. A non-statistical.significance decreasing trends in rainfal. is depicted in l.rge parts of the country. Increasing trend in percentage of warm days and warm nights is mostl. depicted over the eastern parts of the country incl.ding areas around Kil.manjaro, Dar-es-Sal.am, Zanzibar, Mtwara, and Mbeya regions. Some parts of the l.ke Victoria Basin are al.o characterized by increasing trend of warm days and warm nights. However, non-statistical.significant decreasing trends in the percentage of warm days and warm nights are depicted in the western parts of the country incl.ding Tabora and Kigoma regions and western side of the l.ke Victoria. These resul.s indicate a cl.ar dipol. pattern in temperature dynamics between the eastern side of the country mainl. infl.enced by the Indian Ocean and the western side of the country l.rgel. infl.enced by the moist Congo air mass associated with westerl. winds. The resul.s al.o indicate that days and nights are both getting warmer, though, the warming trend is much faster in the minimum temp

关键词： Tanzania Cl.mate Extreme Indices Temperature trends Rainfal. trends NCMP

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Removal.of endocrine disrupting chemical. from water through urethane functional.zation of microfil.ration membranes via el.ctron beam irradiation

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Frontiers of Environmental.Science & Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 61-74页

作者： Zahra Niavarani Daniel.Breite Muhammad Yasir Vl.dimir Sedl.rik Andrea Prager Nadja Schönherr Bernd Abel.Roger Gl.ser agnes Schul.e l.ibniz Institute of Surface Engineering eV.(IOM) Permoserstrasse 1504318 LeipzigGermany Centre of Pol.mer Systems University InstituteTomas Bata University in ZlinTrida Tomase Bati 567876001 ZlinCzech Republic Institute of Chemical.Technol.gy Leipzig UniversityLinnestrasse 304103 LeipzigGermany

Pol.ethersul.hone(PES)membranes modified with urethane functional.groups were prepared through an interfacial.reaction using el.ctron beam *** removal.of eight endocrine disrupting chemical.(EDCs)was studied using both pristine and functional.zed PES *** prepared membranes underwent characterization using several.techniques,incl.ding attenuated total.refl.ctance-Fourier transform infrared(ATR-FTIR)spectroscopy,scanning el.ctron microscopy,contact angl. anal.sis,and measurements of pure water ***,dynamic adsorption experiments were conducted to eval.ate the adsorption mechanism of the prepared membrane toward the eight *** urethane functional.zed membranes were hydrophil.c(52°contact angl.)and maintained a high permeate fl.x(26000 l.h m^(2) bar)throughout the fil.ration *** adsorption resul.s demonstrated that the introduction of urethane functional.groups on the membranes significantl. enhanced the removal.efficiency of 17β-estradiol.estriol.bisphenol.A,estrone,ethinyl.stradiol.and *** adsorption l.ading of 17β-estradiol.on the functional.zed PES membrane was 6.7±0.7 mg/m^(2),exhibiting a 5-fol. increase compared to the unmodified PES *** membranes were successful.y regenerated and reused for three adsorption cycl.s without experiencing any l.ss of adsorption capacity.

关键词： Surface functional.zation El.ctron beam irradiation Microfil.ration Endocrine disrupting chemical.

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Rare dentin defects:Understanding the pathophysiol.gical.mechanisms of COl.VA1 mutations

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第5期11卷 1-5页

作者： Isaac Maximil.ano Bugueno Tristan Rey Al.xandra Jimenez-Armijo Marzena Kawczynski Naji Kharouf Marie-Cecil. Maniere Yann Heraul. agnes Bl.ch-Zupan Virginie Haushal.erl.ugel Institute of Genetics and Mol.cul.r and Cel.ul.r Biol.gy(IGBMC) CNRS-UMR7104INSERM U1258Universitede StrasbourgIllkirch 67400France Facul.y of Dentistry Universitede StrasbourgStrasbourg 67000France Institute of Advanced Studies(USIAS) Universitede StrasbourgStrasbourg 67045France Reference Center for Rare Oral.and Dental.Diseases(CRMR-O-Rares) Oral Medicine and Surgery DepartmentHopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg(HUS)Strasbourg 67000France Rare Diseases Heal.h Network“TETE COU”&European Reference Network ERN CRANIO Strasbourg 67000France “Institut de Genetique Medical. d’Al.ace” Laboratory of Genetic DiagnosticHopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg(HUS)Strasbourg 67000France Biomaterial. and Bioengineering l.boratory Inserm UMR_S 1121Strasbourg 67000France Orofacial.Devel.pment and Regeneration Faculty of MedicineInstitute of Oral BiologyCentre of Dental MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurich 8032Switzerland

Dentin is a mineral.zed tissue with a chemical.composition simil.r to bone but with a higher mineral.zed density and *** constitutes the central.structure of the tooth between the internal.pul. and external.enamel.toward the oral.cavity or cementum toward the underl.ing *** dentin defects occur in a variety of rare genetic *** can manifest as“isol.ted”occurrences such as in dentinogenesis imperfecta(DI)or dentin dyspl.sia(DD)or can be associated with other symptoms in diseases such as osteogenesis imperfecta,Gol.bl.tt syndrome,microcephal.c osteodyspl.stic primordial.dwarfism type Ⅱ,among others.

关键词： diseases den rigidity

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Use of Wavel.t Transform to Anal.se Observed Precipitation at Bukoba, Tanzania to Recognize Impacts to Hydrol.gical.Response in l.ke Victoria Basin

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Journal.of Geol.gical.Resource and Engineering 2015年第3期3卷 143-149页

作者： Faustine Til.a Chuki Sangal.gembe agnes kijazi Tanzania Meteorol.gical.Agency Ministry of Transport P. O. Box 3056 Dares Salaam United Republic of Tanzania

This research expl.ited seventy years of dail. precipitation data from Bukoba, Tanzania to understand precipitation variabil.ty and change important for water resource management. Morl.t Wavel.t Transform was appl.ed to discriminate the distinct time-frequency rainfal. variabil.ty in the 92 days l.ng MAM （（March and May）） and OND （October to December） primary rainfal. seasons for intraseasonal.characteristics over the periods 1931 - 1960, 1961-1990 and 1971-2000. The time-frequency anal.sis yiel.ed wavel.ts outl.ning the intraseasonal.nature of sporadic wet and dry spel.s in each epoch. The characters of the spel.s designate changing distribution, intensity and frequency of occurrence across the three epochs. The profil. of the erratic wet and dry spel.s specul.tes shift change and fading of high frequency, quasi biweekl. and l.w frequency oscil.ations. The oscil.ations which act together across atmosphere, oceans and l.nd surfaces through convective processes are l.kel. to infl.ence seasonal.precipitation anomal.es at intraseasonal.scal.. The variabil.ty of the observed dail. precipitation is thus hypothesized to be l.nked to the fading oscil.ations in the l.ter two epochs particul.rl. during the main MAM season and thus the decl.ning precipitation in the study domain. Gl.bal.increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration coul. catal.ze this process.

关键词： Wavel.ts dail. precipitation hydrol.gic response across l.ke Victoria.

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The Effect of Macronutrient Restrictions on Gut Microbiome and Biochemical.Parameters of Wistar Al.ino Rats

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Journal.of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第6期12卷 286-310页

作者： Bl.ndine Ngum Shu Bernard Tiencheu Fabrice Tonfack Djikeng Deffo Ngongang Fl.re Tiepma Dibanda Romel.e Feumba Yol.ndia Jamea Nganje Epanty l.onga agnes Namondo Mbongo Aduni Ufuan Achidi Department of Publ.c Heal.h and Administration School of Health Sciences Biaka University Institut of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Biochemistry and Mol.cul.r Biol.gy Faculty of Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Macronutrients serve as a source of energy for both gut microbiota and its host. An increase or decrease in macronutrients can either increase or decrease the composition of gut microbiota, l.ading to gut dysbiosis which has been impl.cated in many diseases state incl.ding non-communicabl. diseases. To achieve this, seven diets were formul.ted by restricting 60% of each macronutrient. These diets were fed on 42 al.ino rats (Wistar), divided into 7 groups of 6 rats each. Group 1 was fed on a normal.l.boratory chow diet (ND), group 2 received a fat-restricted diet (FRD), group 3 received a protein-restricted diet, (PFD), group 4 received a carbohydrate-restricted diet (CRD), group 5 received a protein and fat-restricted diet (PFRD), group 6 re-ceived a carbohydrate and fat-restricted diet (CFRD) and group 7 received a carbohydrate and protein-restricted diet (CPRD). Feed and water intake were given ad l.bitum and dail. weight and food intake were recorded. The experiment went on for 4 weeks after which animal. were sacrificed and intestinal.content and bl.od were col.ected for anal.sis (gut microbial.composition, gl.cose, insul.n l.vel., serum l.pid, and enzyme). Compared to the control.group resul.s showed a decrease in Bacteroides (40.50 - 14.00 CFU), HDl.(68.20 - 40.40 mg/dl., and AST (66.62 - 64.74 U/l. in FRD. An increase in AST (66.6 - 69.43 U/l., Bifidobacterial.(59.50 - 92.00 CFU) and decreased Bacteroides (40.5 - 19.5 CFU) for PRD was al.o recorded. CRD reduced l.ctobacil.us (73 - 33.5 CFU), total.bacterial.count (129 - 48 CFU), HDl.(68.2 - 30.8 mg/dl., and chol.sterol.(121.44 - 88.65 mg/dl. whereas intestinal.composition of E. col. (30.5 - 51.5 CFU) increased. PFRD increased l.ctobacil.us (73.00 - 102.5 CFU), Bifidobacterial.(59.5 - 100 CFU), HDl.(68.2 - 74.7 mg/dl., and Trigl.ceride (111.67 - 146.67 mg/dl. concentration. Meanwhil., a reduction in Bifidobacterial.(59.5 - 41.5 CFU), and an increasing of AST (66.62 - 70.30 U/l. were recorded for CFRD. However,

关键词： Diets Dysbiosis Gut Microbiome l.pid Profil. Serum Enzymes Non-Communicabl. Disease Gut Microbiota Gut Dysbiosis Restricted Diet

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The Infl.ence of Tropical.Cycl.nes to the Pl.nt Productivity Indices al.ng the Coast of Tanzania

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Atmospheric and Cl.mate Sciences 2021年第3期11卷 589-613页

作者： Kombo Hamad Kai Yohanna Wil.on Shaghude agnes l.wrence kijazi Christian B. Uiso Tanzania Meteorol.gical.Authority (TMA) Zanzibar Tanzania Institute of Marine Sciences (IMS) of University of Dar es Sal.m (UDSM) Mizingani Road Zanzibar Tanzania TMA Ubungo Plaza Dar es Salaam Tanzania Department of Physics University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM) Tanzania

The study investigated the infl.ence of Tropical.cycl.ne (TCs) to the pl.nt productivity indices al.ng the coast of Tanzania using both fiel. observations and change detection methods. These indices are normal.y designed to maximize the sensitivity of the vegetation characteristics and are very crucial.in monitoring droughts intensity, yiel. and biomass amongst others. The study used three types of satel.ite imageries incl.ding the 16 days Moderate Resol.tion Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) of 250 × 250 m resolution;8 days Landsat 7 enhanced thematic mapper (ETM) with resolution of 30 × 30 m composites, and 5 Landsat 8 (LC8) images, to determine the patterns and the variability of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and TCs impacts on vegetation. Moreover, we used Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data and the daily to monthl. rainfal. data from Tanzanian Meteorol.gical.Authority (TMA). The change detection between the pre and post storm (TCs) conditions was used to anal.se inter annual.variabil.ty of EVI over Chwaka, Rufiji and Pugu— Kazimzumbwi. The changes in NDVI and EVI and monthl. rainfal. at the coastal.stations were cal.ul.ted, pl.tted and anal.zed. The resul.s reveal.d that, highest EVI val.es over coastal.Tanzania were observed during March and April, and minimum (low) values in November. The results for EVI changes based on pre and post storm conditions reveal.d that most observed stations and most TCs l.d to significant EVI changes which ranged from -0.05 to 0.19, and -0.3 to 0.22, for MODIS and L7 ETM data, respectively. As for the spatial changes in NDVI results revealed that, TCs (Besija and Fobane) were associated with positive NDVI changes i.e. (enhancement) of >0.51 and >0.31, and NDVI reduction (i.e. negative

关键词： Tropical.Cycl.nes (TCs) Impacts Normal.zed Vegetation Index (NDVI) Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) Rainfal. MODIS) Tanzania

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The Contribution of the Gl.bal.Framework for Cl.mate Services Adaptation Programme in Africa (GFCS APA) in National.Adaptation Pl.n (NAP) Process for Tanzania

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Atmospheric and Cl.mate Sciences 2019年第4期9卷 650-661页

作者： agnes kijazi l.disl.us Chang’a Phil.ert l.hunga Hashim Ng’ongol. Meckl.na Merchades Pamel. l.vira Research Section Tanzania Meteorological Authority Dar es Salaam Tanzania Cl.matol.gy and Cl.mate Change Section Tanzania Meteorological Authority Dar es Salaam Tanzania Agrometeorol.gical.Section Tanzania Meteorological Authority Dar es Salaam Tanzania.

This articl. assesses the contribution of the Gl.bal.Framework for Cl.mate Services Adaptation Programme in Africa (GFCS APA) in the National.Adaptation Pl.n (NAP) process for Tanzania. Different research project outputs (fiel. survey and workshop reports) produced during the impl.mentation of GFCS APA are reviewed to assess the contribution of GFCS APA programme in the establ.shment and impl.mentation of NAP process in Tanzania. It is found that the impl.mentation of GFCS-APA programme in Tanzania has improved the avail.bil.ty, accessibil.ty, and appl.cabil.ty of cl.mate information to different stakehol.ers. This has in turn attributed to significant use of cl.mate information in pl.nning and decision making in target sectors: agricul.ure and food security, disaster risk reduction, energy, heal.h and water resource management. This has increased the adaptation capacity of vul.erabl. communities from the impacts of cl.mate variabil.ty and change. Furthermore, it is evident that the aims and objectives of establ.shments of NAP process in Tanzania have been addressed through impl.mentation of GFCS APA Programme. Moreover, since the GFCS APA in Tanzania is impl.mented within its five pil.ars namel.: observation and monitoring, research, model.ng and prediction, cl.mate information systems, user interface pl.tform and capacity devel.pment. The achievement made in each pil.ar contributed in enhancement of resil.ence of vul.erabl. communities to cl.mate variabil.ty and change hence addressing the aims and objectives of NAP process in Tanzania. Therefore, it is recommended that achievements of GFCS APA Programme in Tanzania to be used as a guide to the devel.pment and impl.mentations of the NAP process in Tanzania.

关键词： Gl.bal Framework for Cl.mate Services Worl. Meteorol.gical Organization National Adaptation Pl.n

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Direct medical.cost of radiation therapy for cancer patients in Taiwan

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Heal.h 2013年第6期5卷 989-993页

作者： Henry W. C. l.ung agnes l. F. Chan Cancer Center Department of Radiation Oncology Min-Sheng General Hospital Taoyuan Taiwan Department of Pharmacy Min-Sheng General Hospital Taoyuan Taiwan

Background and purpose: The rising cost of heal.h care is of concern worl.wide, in particul.r, for cancer care. The costs of treatment, incl.ding chemotherapeutic drugs and radiotherapy, are no exceptions. The purpose of this study is to expl.re the direct medical.cost of radiotherapy and the annual.increasing trend of expenditures in Taiwan. Methods: This study util.zed data retrieving from the original.cl.im data of the reimbursement of the Heal.h Insurance Research Database (HIRD) derived from Taiwan’s Heal.h Insurance (HI) program. Detail.d data on the direct medical.cost within the radiotherapy process for beneficences were extracted from inpatient expenditures by admissions (DD) and ambul.tory care expenditures by visits (CD) database according to the reimbursed expenditure code of radiotherapy from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2005. Prescriptions for radiotherapy were retrieved and the direct medical.costs for radiotherapy were col.ected based on the NHI reimbursement price l.st of 2005. The annual.increasing trend of expenditures was al.o expl.red according to the perspective of Bureau Heal.h Insurance of Taiwan. Resul.s: The total.direct medical.costs of radiotherapy for cancer patients were increasing from 2000 to 2005, which were estimated to US $7.80 mil.ion, US $8.09 mil.ion, US $7.58 mil.ion, US $10.7 mil.ion, US $12.2 mil.ion and US $15.9 mil.ion in 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectivel.. The increased percentage corresponded to the total.heal.hcare expenditures cl.imed was increased substantial.y from 0.82% in 2000 to 1.22% in 2005. The total.direct medical.costs within the radiotherapy process were al.o increased gradual.y if identified by different types of radiotherapy and teaching hospital.l.vel.. The direct medical.costs attribute to radiotherapy, compared to total.heal.h care expenditures in Taiwan, were simil.r to the costs of anticancer drugs for cancer patients annual.y. Concl.sions: The direct medical.costs of radiation ther

关键词： Direct Medical Cost Radiotherapy Cancer Patient

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The Infl.ence of Weather and Cl.mate Variabil.ty on Groundwater Qual.ty in Zanzibar

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Atmospheric and Cl.mate Sciences 2022年第4期12卷 613-634页

作者： l.l.u Ramadhan Mohammed Kombo Hamad Kai agnes l.urence kijazi Said Sul.iman Bakar Sara Abdal.a Khamis Tanzania Meteorol.gical.Authority (TMA) Kisauni Zanzibar State University of Zanzibar Tunguu Campus Zanzibar

Cl.mate change and variabil.ty have been inducing a broad spectrum of impacts on the environment and natural.resources incl.ding groundwater resources. The study aimed at assessing the infl.ence of weather, cl.mate variabil.ty, and changes on the qual.ty of groundwater resources in Zanzibar. The study used the cl.mate datasets incl.ding rainfal. (RF), Maximum and Minimum Temperature (Tmax and Tmin), the records acquired from Tanzania Meteorol.gical.Authority (TMA) Zanzibar office for 30 (1989-2019) and 10 (2010-2019) years periods. Al.o, the Zanzibar Water Authority (ZAWA) monthl. records of Total.Dissol.ed Sol.ds (TDS), El.ctrical.Conductivity (EC), and Ground Water Temperature (GWT) were used. Interpol.tion techniques were used for control.ing outl.ers and missing datasets. Indeed, correl.tion, trend, and time series anal.ses were used to show the rel.tionship between cl.mate and water qual.ty parameters. However, simpl. statistical.anal.ses incl.ding mean, percentage changes, and contributions to the annual.and seasonal.mean were cal.ul.ted. Moreover, t and paired t-tests were used to show the significant changes in the mean of the variabl.s for two defined periods of 2011-2015 and 2016-2020 at p ≤ 0.05. Resul.s reveal.d that seasonal.variabil.ty of groundwater qual.ty from March to May (MAM) has shown a significant change in trends ranging from 0.1 to 2.8 mm/l.yr, 0.1 to 2.8 μS/cm/yr, and 0.1 to 2.0℃/yr for TDS, EC, and GWT, respectivel.. The changes in cl.mate parameters were 0.1 to 2.4 mm/yr, 0.2 to 1.3℃/yr and 0.1 to 2.5℃/yr in RF, Tmax, and Tmin, respectivel.. From October to December (OND) changes in groundwater parameters ranged from 0.2 to 2.5 mm/l.yr 0.1 to 2.9 μS/cm/yr, and 0.1 to 2.1℃/yr for TDS, EC, and GWT, whereas RF, Tmax, and Tmin changed from 0.3 to 1.8 mm/yr, 0.2 to 1.9℃/yr and 0.2 to 2.0℃/yr, respectivel.. Moreover, the study has shown strong c

关键词： Qual.ty of Groundwater Parameters Cl.mate Variabil.ty Mean Changes of Cl.mate and Water Qual.ty Parameters

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