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Clinical, Hematological and Biochemical Health Benefit Effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa Lin Dried Calyces Beverage in Human

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2016年第5期7卷 383-395页

作者： Ghislain Maffo Tazoho Inocent Gouado Mathieu Ndomou Salomon Tchuandom Bonsi Yvonne Mbaduet Wamba Esther Etengeneng agbor Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Douala Douala Cameroon Penka-Michel’s District Hospital Laboratory Penka-Michel Cameroon Espace Priorité Santé du Cameroun Health Center Dschang Cameroon

Background/Objective: This study was carried out to investigate the health benefit effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa Lin (H. sabdariffa L.) dried calyces beverage on some clinical, biochemical and hematological parameters in humans. Methods: The dried calyces were harvested in the two regions (Adamaoua and West) of Cameroon. The proximate, mineral composition and phytochemical screening were evaluated. A standardized extraction procedure was set up and from the calyces;we prepared a drink for 32 male volunteers’ subjects aged from 21 to 32 years, specially recruited for the experiment. Each participant consumed 500 mL twice a day (in the morning and in the evening) as supplement beverage during two weeks. The anthropometrics (age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI)), clinical (systolic and diastolic blood pressure), hematological (RBC, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, WBC, Lymphocytes, MID cells, Granulocytes, platelet and MPV) and biochemical (TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, TG, serum iron, blood glucose, creatinine, urea, ASAT and ALAT) parameters were determined in the blood on days 0 and at the end of each week. Results: Crude protein, lipid, fiber and ash content of calyx ranged respectively from 4.57 - 5.98, 10.10 - 11.33, 20.39 - 22.30 and 9.15% - 10.38% while the levels of minerals were ranged from 512.0 - 740.6, 77.8 - 177.7, 52.84 - 52.85, 1.10 - 2.10, 41.2 - 119.5, 3.25 - 8.20 and 0.56 - 17.5 mg/100g respectively for Ca, Mg, K, Na, P, Fe and Zn. The phytochemical screening tests revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols and anthocyanins on methanol and aqueous extracts. A significant increase of RBC, Hb, PCV, MPV, HDL-C, TG and creatinine and a significant decrease of WBC, MID cells, LDL-C and TC (p < 0.05) were observed during the study period. Furthermore, there was no significant change on BMI, MCV, MCH, MCHC, lymphocyte, granulocyte, platelet, serum iron, blood glucose, ASAT, ALAT and urea levels. Conclusion: H. sabdariffa L. dried calyces from Camer

关键词： Hibiscus sabdariffa Lin Dried Calyces Chemical Composition Health General Well-Being Human

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The Prevalence of Auto-Medication among Pregnant Women in a Conflict Affected, North West Region, Cameroon

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2021年第4期9卷 122-137页

作者： Tanyi Pride Bobga Sangwe Bertrand Ngwa Ngwa Fabrice Ambe Ateh Stanislas Ketum agbornkwai Nyenty agbor Wirnkar Jude Kanla Mentoh Ajem Abungwi Model Preparatory Initiative of Academics Research and Health MOPIARH Buea Cameroon Modern United Faculties of Medicine Entrance Preparatory Center (MUFEPREC) Buea Cameroon Centre Pasteur Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences INSAM Higher institute of Medical Sciences Douala Cameroon Family Health International Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences Douala Cameroon

Background: The excessive use of medicines and generally self-medication is considered as one of the major health and socio-economic problems in different countries. There is increasing evidence that self-medications among pregnant women are common in many developing countries. Despite the adverse impact on pregnancy, there are few programs available for their control. The Northwest region of Cameroon has been affected by socio-political crisis since 2016, which has slowed down economic activities and have grievous effects on the economy. It was therefore necessary to evaluate the prevalence of auto-medication amongst pregnant women. Aim: The aim of this study is to ascertain the knowledge, prevalence and practice of auto medication among pregnant women in Cameroon especially in the North West Region. Method: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 500 pregnant women, aged between 15 - 45 years in the Bamenda Health District between January to October 2019. A structured questionnaire based interview was used to collect data from each study subject. Then, data were categorized and analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Results: The prevalence of auto-medication (allopathic and herbal medicines) in this study was 337 (67.4%) and was predominant during the first trimester 246 (72.86%) of pregnancy. 98 (29.09%) previous experience, 70 (20.77%) that they did not have money for consultation, 70 (20.77%) non-severity of ailments and 75 (22.25%) high cost of medication in hospital/pharmacy were the most common reason pregnant women auto medicate. 96 (28.48%) antiemetic, 72 (21.36%) analgesics and 58 (17.21%) antacids were the most frequent drugs used for auto-medication and the main symptoms for which pregnant women practice auto-medication were: 72 (21.36%) fever/headache, 63 (18.69%) constipation and 58 (17.21%) nausea/vomiting. 116 (34.42%) friends/family/neighbors were the main sou

关键词： Pregnant Women Bamenda Health District Auto Medication Allopathic Medicine Herbal Medicine

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Cytotoxicity and in vivo Toxicological Screening of a Polyherbal Product,Nefang

Cytotoxicity and in vivo Toxicological Screening of a Polyhe...

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第十四届全国中药和天然药物学术研讨会

作者： Protus Arrey Tarkang Gabriel A.agbor Faith A.Okalebo Anastasia N.Guantai Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM) Cameroon University of Nairobi Kenya

Nefang is a polyherbal product composed of Mangifera indica（bark and leaf）,Psidium guajava,Carica papaya,Cymbopogon citratus,Citrus sinensis and Ocimum gratissimum（leaves）.It is often used in Cameroon traditional medicine as an *** studies have demonstrated its in vitro antiplasmodial activity,synergistic interactions between its constituents[1],antioxidant properties[2]and in vivo antiplasmodial efficacy（unpublished）.This study aimed at evaluating its cytotoxicity and in vivo *** screening was evaluated on Hep G2 hepatoma and U20 S osteosarcoma epithelial cell lines[3,4].Systemic acute oral toxicity was assessed in Swiss albino mice,while repeated dose（28 and 90 days） toxicity were studied in wistar rats at doses of 250,500 and 1000 mgkg-1 body weight[5].Physiological,biochemical and hematological parameters were analysed to determine its effects on the liver,kidney,lipid profile,nitrogen balance,glycemic levels and the hematological *** analysed using the one way ANOVA followed by Neuman-Keuls multiple comparison *** showed no significant cytotoxic *** and repeated dose oral toxicity produced no observed adverse effects at a dose ＞5 g/kg as well as on the liver,kidney and lipid profiles ***-acute administration of Nefang significantly（p＜0.05） lowered the GLU levels more than *** also observed a dose-dependent significant（p＜0.05） increase in white and red blood cells count,hemoglobin,hematocrit and platelet *** findings suggest that Nefang is relatively safe when administered orally after short or prolonged periods,at sub-therapeutic and therapeutic *** these doses,it exhibited potentials at maintaining the integral functioning of the liver,kidney and boosting the immune *** also showed good potentials at maintaining a good nitrogen balance and hypoglycemic *** study demonstrated the safety of Nefang,thus upholding knowledge on its folk use and suggest

关键词： Nefang medicinal plants cytotoxicity in vivo toxicity hepatotoxicity renal toxicity.

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Characterization of Kaolin Deposits in Okpella and Environs, Southern Nigeria

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International Journal of Geosciences 2019年第3期10卷 317-327页

作者： Benjamin Odey Omang Ebenezer Agayina Kudamnya Ayodele Olumiyiwa Owolabi Joseph Odey Emmanuel Ude Aniwetalu Thomas agbor Ako Department of Geology University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria Department of Mining Engineering Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria Department of Geological Sciences Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Geology Federal University of Technology Minna Minna Nigeria

Kaolin is one of the most important industrial minerals whose application is dependent on its structure and chemical composition. This study makes an attempt to explore and determine the origin of kaolin deposits within and around Okpella, as well as to investigate the mineralogical and chemical compositions using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) method. These were carried out with the intention of determining the most suitable applications for the clay mineral. It was observed that major phases in the clay samples from the three different deposits are kaolinite, microcline, illite/mica, plagioclase/albite and quartz. These phases were observed in varied percentages. Samples from Ajego 2 show a marked absence of kaolinite but contain high concentration of plagioclase feldspar and quartz which permit its usage in the production of glass and iron industries. Further, the samples from Ajego 1 contain by far the highest concentration of kaolinite, while the samples from Anegha consist of kaolinite, a mixed layer of illite/mica, plagioclase, alkali feldspars, and albite which is necessary for producing mullite fibers in ceramic matrix at a temperature of around 1400°C and it is suitable in pigment production. The XRF result for Ajego2 and Anegha samples has Silica composition of 51.847 wt%, 32.540 wt% and 37.295 wt% respectively and an alumina content of 14.962 wt%, 29.834 wt% and 20.227 wt% respectively. The trace amount of some of the oxides such as K2O, TiO2, Fe2O3 and SnO2 can help in the beneficiation process.

关键词： Kaolin Mineral Characterization XRD XRF Okpella

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Non-Participation in Child Health Days or Routine Immunization Services among Children under 5 Years of Age—Somaliland 2012

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World Journal of Vaccines 2014年第1期4卷 11-17页

作者： Charles Kinuthia Marie Therese Baranyikwa Khadar M. Ahmed Awil Haji Ali Assegid T. Kebede John agbor David W. Brown Consultant to the UNICEF Somalia Support Center Nairobi Kenya Somaliland Ministry of Health Hargeisa Somaliland UNICEF Somalia Support Center Nairobi UNICEF Somalia Support Center Nairobi Kenya UNICEF Hargeisa Somaliland UNICEF New York USA WHO Somalia Nairobi Kenya

Background: After two decades of conflict, Somalia remains a fragile state where large scale displacement and inadequate access to functioning health services have left children vulnerable to morbidity and mortality from vaccine preventable disease. Children residing in the autonomous zone of Somaliland are similarly vulnerable to poor access to health care services. Following the conduct of a UNICEF-supported Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey in Somaliland during 2011 which captured information on immunization system performance, a survey was conducted to better understand the reasons for non-vaccination among children in Somaliland. Methods: The Somaliland Routine Immunization Non-Participation Survey (RINPS) was conducted in November 2012 to better understand the reasons for non-participation in both Child Health Days (CHDs) and Routine Immunization Services (RIS). RINPS was a cross-sectional household survey which used a two-stage sample design in order to obtain a representative sample of children 0 - 59 months of age residing in Somaliland. Thirty clusters were randomly selected from the 303 clusters for participation in the 2011 Somaliland MICS. A total of 867 children aged 0 - 59 months were identified and included in the analysis (overall response rate, 96%). Findings: Caregivers lacked motivation to take their children to CHDs and for RIS and lacked information about why children need immunization. Routine vaccination or CHD cards were available for few children at the time of the survey. Almost one-fifth of children aged 0 - 59 months in Somaliland had not received at least one dose of vaccine for DTP, polio or measles vaccine from either CHD or RIS. Conclusion: Child Health Days have a role in at least some area of Somaliland to expand the reach of immunization services. The availability and delivery of sustainable routine immunization services need to be strengthened in Somaliland with a strong social mobilization program to raise awareness about the im

关键词： Immunization Routine Immunization Child Health Day Survey Somaliland

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非盟委员会人力资源与科技委员安杨在中国非洲研究院成立大会上的致辞

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中国非洲学刊 2020年第1期1卷 20-23页

作者： Sarah Anyang agbor 赵雅婷(译) 不详中国非洲研究院

(2019年4月9日,北京)尊敬的中国共产党中央政治局委员、中国共产党中央外事工作委员会办公室主任杨洁篪阁下,中国社会科学院院长谢伏瞻阁下,莫桑比克前总统若阿金·阿尔贝托·希萨诺阁下,外交使团诸位大使阁下,尊敬的各位代表,同事们,... 详细信息

(2019年4月9日,北京)尊敬的中国共产党中央政治局委员、中国共产党中央外事工作委员会办公室主任杨洁篪阁下,中国社会科学院院长谢伏瞻阁下,莫桑比克前总统若阿金·阿尔贝托·希萨诺阁下,外交使团诸位大使阁下,尊敬的各位代表,同事们,女士们、先生们:我非常荣幸能够受邀出席中国非洲研究院的成立大会,请允许我表达感谢并对此次论坛的组织者致以崇高敬意。我非常荣幸地代表非盟,并以我个人名义,向中国政府为我本人和我的团队提供的周到安排表示感谢。

关键词：人力资源非盟中国社会科学院外交使团外事工作谢伏瞻阿尔贝托莫桑比克

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A Cross-Sectional Study of the Causes, Effects and Management Strategies for Stress and Burnout among Nurses in the Fako Division, Cameroon

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2020年第7期8卷 17-27页

作者： Acha Anwi Therese Ateh Stanislas Ketum Mohamed Isah Thiery Pechap Ayafor agbornkwai Nyenty agbor Acha Therese Fomundam Anwi Malika Esembeson Nahyeni Bassah Esoh Department of Nursing Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of International Public Health Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Liverpool UK Reach Out Buea Cameroon Department of Public Health and Hygiene Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Health Organisation Welfare Yaounde Central Region Cameroon Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health University of Alabama Birmingham USA Family Health International 360 Yaounde Cameroon Douala Gynoeco-Obstetrics and Pediatric Hospital Littoral Cameroon

Introduction: Stress and burnout are a reality which nurses encounter and try to cope with especially in the Emergency Department (ED) so that they can provide optimal patient care. Nurses who work in ED are front line providers of immediate medical care needed to stabilize patients. With the known critical shortage of health workforce in Cameroon, nurses are overloaded with work and often experience stress and burnout. Aim: This study aimed at determining the causes, effects and management strategies of stress and burnout among nurses working in the ED in hospitals in the Fako Division, Cameroon. Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of seventy nurses from five different hospitals. A purposive sampling technique was used and data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire developed from the International Stress Management Scale. Results: The highest reported cause of stress in this study was heavy workload (12.88%) and the least was no experience in handling the challenges of the department. The leading reported effect of stress was the development of musculoskeletal disorders such as joint and back pain (16.48%) and the least effect was contemplating quitting the profession (5.99%). The major management strategy used was humour (8.27%), while the least was crying out stress to feel relieved (2.18%). Conclusion: The major cause of stress and burnout among nurses in our study setting was heavy workload, which mostly results in joint and back pain. Moreover, humour was the prime management strategy for stress and burnout among nurses in the emergency department in the study setting. Thus more nurses should be employed and the working conditions of nurses improved to reduce the workload in the study hospitals.

关键词： Stress Burnout Nurses Causes Effect and Management Cameroon

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Determination of the Root Canal Length of Teeth of Bantu Patients Attending the Teaching Hospital of Kinshasa University

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2018年第1期8卷 16-23页

作者： Jean Marie Kayembe Bukama Jean Paul Sekele Issourdi Fidele Nyimi Bushabu Augustin Mantshumba Milolo Steve Sekele Masin M. A. agbor Dieudonne Nyembue Tshipukana Alain Nyengele Kayembe Hubert Ntumba Mulumba Endodontic Unit Service of Operative Dentistry Teaching Hospital of Kinshasa University Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Prosthodontics Services Teaching Hospital of Kinshasa University Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Teaching Hospital of Kinshasa University Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Department of Oral Maxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan China Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty of Science University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Universite des Montagne Dental School Bangangté Cameroon Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) Teaching Hospital of Kinshasa University Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo

Background: There is paucity of literature on the determination of the root canal length of Bantu subjects in dental professional practicing in Africa and Democratic Republic of Congo in particular. Aims: The aim of the present study was to determine the root canal length of teeth of Bantu patients extracts attending the Teaching Hospital of Kinshasa University. Methods and Material: Prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in the service of Conservative Dentistry. The patients suffering with pulpitis of permanent teeth which were selected for root canal treatment during the period of January 2014 to December 2016 were included. All patients whose main root canals were inaccessible, teeth carrying prosthesis, teeth with large coronal decay, teeth having periapical periodontitis, supernumerary teeth, wisdom and primary teeth were excluded. Results: The upper canines presented some significant longer canals compared to the lower canine (23.4 ± 2.3 mm and 21.6 ± 1.8 mm). Palatal canals of the first and second molar were respectively longer as compared to the superior teeth canals (21.5 ± 1 mm, 21.3 ± 2 mm). The distal canals of the first and second molar were the longest in the mandibular arch respectively measuring 20.7 ± 2.0 mm and 21.5 ± 1.7 mm. Conclusion: Data obtained from Bantu patients show slightly shorter roots compared to some European populations, but longer than some Asian populations.

关键词： Bantu Length Root Canal X-Ray

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活动性肺结核患者糖尿病的全球患病率:2300万肺结核患者数据的系统回顾与Meta分析

活动性肺结核患者糖尿病的全球患病率:2300万肺结核患者数据的系...

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作者： Jean Jacques Noubiap Jobert Richie Nansseu Ulrich Flore Nyaga Jan Rene Nkeck Francky Teddy Endomba Arnaud D Kaze Valirie N agbor Jean Joel Bigna 张烨冰 Department of Medicine Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town Faculty of Medicine University of Paris Sud XI

背景:尽管糖尿病和血糖控制不佳显着地增加了患结核病的风险,并不利地影响结核病的治疗结果,但在结核病背景下的全球糖尿病负担仍然未知。目的:我们做了一个系统的审查和meta分析,以估计在全球、区域和国家各级肺结核患者的糖尿病患病... 详细信息

背景:尽管糖尿病和血糖控制不佳显着地增加了患结核病的风险,并不利地影响结核病的治疗结果,但在结核病背景下的全球糖尿病负担仍然未知。目的:我们做了一个系统的审查和meta分析,以估计在全球、区域和国家各级肺结核患者的糖尿病患病率。方法:我们搜索了PubMed,Excerpta Medica数据库,Web of Science和Global Index Medicus,以确定1986年1月1日至2017年6月15日期间发表的关于活动性肺结核患者糖尿病患病率的研究,这些研究没有语言限制。肺结核和糖尿病的诊断标准与世卫组织准则一致,并评估了符合条件的研究的方法学质量,通过随机效应模型荟萃分析获得了全球活动性结核病患者合并糖尿病的总体估计值。通过Cochran Q统计量的χ检验评估了异质性(I)。结果:我们筛选了7565条记录,其中200项研究(活动性结核病2291571人)纳入了荟萃分析。合并糖尿病患病率为15.3%(95%预测区间2.5-36.1;I:99.8%),从拉脱维亚的0.1%到马绍尔群岛的45.2%不等。通过亚组和元回归分析确定异质性来源表明,四个国际糖尿病联合会(IDF)地区(北美和加勒比[19.7%],西太平洋[19.4%],东南亚[19.0%],中部东非和北非[17.5%])的患病率估计值明显高于其他三个(非洲[8.0%],南美和中美洲[7.7%]和欧洲[7.5%];P<0.0001)。此外,在男性以及结核病负担低的国家,患病率随年龄增长而增加。在低收入和低人类发展指数得分的国家中,糖尿病的患病率降低了。在活动性结核病患者中,结核病感染的形式和HIV的存在似乎并不影响糖尿病的患病率。结论:这项研究表明,活动性肺结核患者的糖尿病负担很高,但因年龄、性别、地区、国家收入水平和发展程度不同而存在差异。降低活动性肺结核患者糖尿病负担的成本效益策略是必要的。

关键词：糖尿病活动性结核病患病率回顾元分析

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COVID-19 compared to other epidemic coronavirus diseases and theflu

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World Journal of Clinical Infectious Diseases 2020年第1期10卷 1-13页

作者： James A Ayukekbong Michel L Ntemgwa Solange A Ayukekbong Eta E Ashu Terence A agbor Infection Prevention and Control Unit St Joseph’s HospitalElliot LakeON P5A 2R3Canada EpiTech Public Health NanaimoBC V9R 0H7Canada Natural and Non-prescription Health Products Directorate Health Products and Food BranchHealth CanadaOttawaON K1A 0K9Canada Cancer Care Ontario TorontoON M5P 3L6Canada DynaLIFE Medical Labs EdmontonAB T5J 5E2Canada Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaAB T6G 2R3Canada

Coronaviruses are among the largest group of known positive-sense RNA viruses with a wide range of animal hosts as reservoir. In the last two decades,newly evolved coronaviruses such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV) which caused the infamous 2002 outbreak, the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-CoV) which caused an outbreak in 2012, and now the SARS-CoV-2 [responsible for the current coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)] have all posed notable threats to global public ***, how does the current COVID-19 outbreak compare with previous coronaviruses diseases? In this review, we look at the key differences between SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, and examine challenges in determining accurate estimates of the severity of COVID-19. We discuss coronavirus outbreaks in light of key outbreak severity indicators including,disease fatality, pathogen novelty, ease of transmission, geographical range, and outbreak preparedness. Finally, we review clinical trials of emerging treatment modalities and provide recommendations on the control of COVID-19 based on the mode of transmission of the coronaviruses. We also recommend the development and use of a standardized predictive epidemic severity models to inform future epidemic response.

关键词： Severe acute respiratory syndrome,SARS Middle East respiratory syndrome,MERS COVID-19 SARS-CoV2 Coronaviruses Influenza,Flu Respiratory viruses

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