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Detection of Burned Areas through Spectral Indices Analysis of Sentinel-2A Satellite Images in the Abokouamékro Wildlife Reserve (Central, Côte D’Ivoire)

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 205-222页

作者： Bob Kouakou Kouadio Sié Ouattara Alain Clément Jean-Marc Gala Bi Zaouri Jean-Luc Kouadio kouassi Jean-Luc edouard Kouakou N’guessan Laboratoire des Sciences et Technologies de la Communication et de l’Information (LSTCI) Institut National Polytechnique Houphou&#235t Boigny (INP-HB) Yamoussoukro C&#244te d’Ivoire Laboratoire des Sciences Agronomiques et Génie Rural Institut National Polytechnique Houphou&#235t Boigny (INPHB) Yamoussoukro C&#244te d’Ivoire ecole de Géomatique et du Territoire (eGT) Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire LARIS SFR MATHSTIC Université d’Angers Angers France Centre Universitaire de Recherche et d’application en Télédétection (CURAT) UFR des Sciences de la Terre et des Ressources Minières Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Laboratoire de Botanique UFR Biosciences Université Félix Houphou&#235t Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire

In Côte d’Ivoire, the recurring and unregulated use of bushfires, which cause ecological damage, presents a pressing concern for the custodians of protected areas. This study aims to enhance our comprehension of the dynamics of burnt areas within the Abokouamékro Wildlife Reserve (AWR) by employing the analysis of spectral indices derived from satellite imagery. The research methodology began with the calculation of mean indices and their corresponding spectral sub-indices, including NDVI, SAVI, NDWI, NDMI, BAI, NBR, TCW, TCG, and TCB, utilizing data from the Sentinel-2A satellite image dated January 17, 2022. Subsequently, a fuzzy classification model was applied to these various indices and sub-indices, guided by the degree of membership α, with the goal of effectively distinguishing between burned and unburned areas. Following the classification, the accuracies of the classified indices and sub-indices were validated using the coordinates of 100 data points collected within the AWR through GPS technology. The results revealed that the overall accuracy of all indices and sub-indices declines as the degree of membership α decreases from 1 to 0. Among the mean spectral indices, NDVI-mean, SAVI-mean, NDMI-mean exhibited the highest overall accuracies, achieving 97%, 95%, and 90%, respectively. These results closely mirrored those obtained by sub-indices using band 8 (NDVI-B8, SAVI-B8, and NDMI-B8), which yield respective overall accuracies of 93%, 92%, and 89%. At a degree of membership α = 1, the estimated burned areas for the most effective indices encompassed 2144.38 hectares for NDVI-mean, 1932.14 hectares for mean SAVI-mean, and 4947.13 hectares for mean NDMI-mean. A prospective approach involving the amalgamation of these three indices could have the potential to yield improved outcomes. This study could be a substantial contribution to the discrimination of bushfires in Côte d’Ivoire.

关键词： Spectral Indices Wildfire Burned Areas Abokouamékro Wildlife Reserve Côte D’Ivoire

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Assessment of Selenium Contamination in Sediments of the Aby and Tendo Lagoons in Côte d’Ivoire

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International Journal of Geosciences 2024年第4期15卷 334-349页

作者： Stéphane Jean Claon Kouakou Serge kouassi Kossonou Roland N’Guettia M’bassidjé Arsène Seka Guei Jokebed Dakouo Allico Joseph Djaman Kouakou Luc Kouadio Analytical Sciences and Public Health Department University of F&#233lix Houphou&#235t-Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Water Quality Control and Analysis Laboratory (LACQUe) Office National de l&#8217Eau Potable (ONEP) Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Biology and Health Laboratory University of F&#233lix Houphou&#235t-Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Laboratory of environmental Sciences (LSe) University of Nangui Abrogoua Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Department of Medical and Fundamental Biochemistry Institut Pasteur of C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire

Selenium is a trace element that can have both beneficial and harmful effects on aquatic life. The Aby Lagoon is a coastal environment in Côte d’Ivoire that receives selenium inputs from various natural and anthropogenic sources. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of selenium in the sediments of the Aby Lagoon and its tributaries, the Tanoe River and the Tendo Lagoon, and to examine the spatial and seasonal variations of selenium concentrations. Sediment samples were collected from different sites and seasons, and selenium concentrations were measured by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The results showed that the average concentration of selenium in the sediments of the Aby Lagoon was 0.82 mg/kg, indicating moderate contamination. The concentration of selenium varied between sites and seasons, with higher values in the channel of the Tendo Lagoon and during the dry season. The study highlighted the complexity of selenium dynamics in aquatic ecosystems, and the need to take into account seasonal and spatial variability as well as interactions between environmental factors. The study also suggested potential ecotoxicological risks for some sensitive organisms in certain areas of the lagoon. This study contributes to the knowledge of the dynamics of selenium in lagoon ecosystems and to the assessment of the environmental risks associated with its presence.

关键词： Tropical estuarine Selenium Sediments Aby Lagoon Seasonal Distribution

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epidemiological, Clinical Progress Aspects of Congenital Heart Disease with Neonatal Revelation at the Mother-Child Hospital of Bingerville (HMe) Concerning 98 Cases from January 2021 to December 2022 (Côte d’Ivoire)

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第1期14卷 89-100页

作者： Adja evelyne Akaffou-Gbery Richard Azagoh-Kouadio Anne-Lise Laetitia Mobio Jean-Jacques Yao Atteby Serenah Marie Janice N’vrah Anoh kouassi Raoul Yao Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology H&#244pital Mère-Enfant de Bingerville (HME) Bingerville C&#244te d’Ivoire Department of Medical Pediatrics and Specialties CHU de Angré Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire

Introduction The distribution of congenital heart disease (CHD) in sub-Saharan Africa is highly imprecise and varies from one region to another due to the inequality of diagnostic facilities. The aim of this study was to determine the in-hospital prevalence of congenital heart disease in children at the Mother-Child hospital of Bingerville (HMe) by specifying the diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects. Materials and methods We conducted a retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study at HMe of Bingerville from January 2021 to December 2022. All newborns with congenital heart disease confirmed by echocardiography were included in the study. Results Of 656 admissions to the neonatology department over the study period, congenital heart disease accounted for 14.9% (98/656) of cases. In our series, 76.7% were diagnosed before the 1st week of life, with a mean chronological age of 5.18 days and extremes of 0 and 46 days. There were as many male patients (50%) as female (50%), i.e. a sex ratio of 1. These newborns were premature in 60.2% of cases, with a mean and median gestational age of 34 weeks’ amenorrhea. Most were left-right shunts (90.8%). Persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA) (48.9%) predominated, followed by atrial septal defect (38.7%), ventricular septal defect (13.3%), common trunk artery (CTA) (3.1%) and open septal pulmonary atresia (OSPA) (1%) as the primary cyanogenic heart disease. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) (50%) was primary in 38.8% and secondary (61.2%). The mortality rate was 30.6%, and all CTA patients died (100%), with a significant statistical relationship (p = 0.027). Progression under treatment was marked by clinical stabilization (68/98) in 69.4% of cases. Conclusion: Congenital heart disease is relatively common at the Bingerville HMe. Access to echocardiography should be facilitated in neonatology departments for rapid diagnosis and optimal management of congenital heart disease in newborns.

关键词： Newborn Congenital Heart Disease Côte d’Ivoire

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Mercury Levels Assessment in the Population of Aby and Frambo Villages in the Vinicity of Aby Lagoon in Côte d’Ivoire (West Africa)

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2024年第3期16卷 219-232页

作者： Stéphane Jean Claon Serge Kouakou kouassi Nina Laurette Ahouéfa Laurent Kipré Seri Arsène M’bassidjé Seka Joseph Allico Djaman Luc Kouakou Kouadio Analytical Sciences and Public Health Department University of Félix Houphou&eumlt-Boigny Abidjan C&ocircte d'Ivoire Water Quality Control and Analysis Laboratory (LACQUe) Office National de l’Eau Potable (ONEP) Abidjan C&ocircte d’Ivoire Biology and Health Laboratory University of Félix Houphou&eumlt-Boigny Abidjan C&ocircte d’Ivoire Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Safety Department of Science and Food Technology Nangui Abrogoua University Abidjan C&ocircte d'Ivoire Department of Medical and Fundamental Biochemistry Institut Pasteur of C&ocircte d'Ivoire Abidjan C&ocircte d’Ivoire Laboratory of environmental Sciences (LSe) University of Nangui Abrogoua Abidjan C&ocircte d’Ivoire

The Minamata Convention in the aim to protect human life and the environment, seeks to reduce mercury (Hg) by monitoring it concentrations in the environment. Artisanal and Small-scale Gold Mining (ASGM) has been identified as the most important anthropogenic source of human exposure to Hg. In this context, the main goal of this study was to assess the level of mercury in hair of two (2) populations living along two lagoons respectively Aby and Tendo, in Ivory Coast. To reach this goal, hair samples of 138 residents were collected and analyzed by using Cold Vapor Atomic Fluorescence Spectrophotometry (CV-AFS) technique for mercury concentration. Results showed that for the entire population the Hg mean was 2.34 μg/g. Also, they were ranged between 0.15 to 8.53 μg/g and presented substantial differences amongst the villages. In Aby village, we observed the highest Hg concentrations (Mean = 2.62 μg/g). Our findings showed that almost the entire sample group (82%) exceed the USePA recommended limit, furthermore 56% of them exceed the normal level of WHO and 2% of the respondent has the unhealthy levels of mercury (≥6 μg Hg/g) of hair by WHO standards. Gender differences in hair mercury varies greatly among reports. Lower levels in women’s hair compared to men were reported in the both village. Considering age, the lowest concentrations were observed with children. However, when we take in account the age groups, data suggested that the most exposed sub-population of [18-29] years old is from Aby village in opposite at Frambo village, the same case those who were ≥ 40 years old. It’s convenient to note that, the proportion of Mercury levels would not to be neglected among studied population especially with the resident from Aby village. so, some measures need to be taken at the political level to control mercury contamination.

关键词： Mercury Hair ASGM Population exposure Côte d’Ivoire

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Projected Changes in the Climate Zoning of Côte d’Ivoire

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 62-84页

作者： Mamadou Diarrassouba Adama Diawara Assi Louis Martial Yapo Benjamin Komenan kouassi Fidèle Yoroba Kouakou Kouadio Dro Touré Tiemoko Dianikoura Ibrahim Koné Arona Diedhiou Laboratory of Sciences Matter Environment and Solar Energy (LASMES) University Félix Houphou&#235t-Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Geophysical Station of Lamto (GSL) N’douci C&#244te d’Ivoire Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Physics University Nangui Abrogoua Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA) Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Institut National Polytechnique (INP) Grenoble France African Centre of excellence on Climate Change Biodiversity and Sustainable Agriculture (ACE-CCBAD)/University Felix Houphou&#235t-Boigny (UFHB) Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire

This study assesses the projected changes in the climate zoning of Côte d’Ivoire using the hierarchical classification of principal components (HCPC) method applied to the daily precipitation data of an ensemble of 14 CORDeX-AFRICA simulations under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. The results indicate the existence of three climate zones in Côte d’Ivoire (the coastal, the centre and the north) over the historical period (1981-2005). Moreover, CORDeX simulations project an extension of the surface area of drier climatic zones while a reduction of wetter zones, associated with the appearance of an intermediate climate zone with surface area varying from 77,560 km2 to 134,960 km2 depending on the period and the scenario. These results highlight the potential impacts of climate change on the delimitation of the climate zones of Côte d’Ivoire under the greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Thus, there is a reduction in the surface areas suitable for the production of cash crops such as cocoa and coffee. This could hinder the country’s economy and development, mainly based on these cash crops.

关键词： Climate Projection Climate Zone Principal Component Analysis Hierarchical Classification on Principal Components CORDeX Côte d’Ivoire

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Assessment of the Vaccination Status of Children Aged 6 to 30 Months in a Tertiary Level Health Care Center in Côte d’Ivoire

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第3期14卷 536-546页

作者： Yenan John Patrick Kpangni Jean Bertrand Yao kouassi Christian Yeboua Yao Kossonou Roland Aka-Tanoh Koko Aude Hélène Avi-Siallou Christelle Honorine Asse Kouadio Vincent Department of Pediatrics University Teaching Hospital of Bouake Bouake Ivory Coast Unit Pediatric Surgery University Teaching Hospital of Bouake Bouake Ivory Coast

Introduction: Vaccination coverage in Côte d’Ivoire over the period 2011 to 2015 was below the target of 95% for all antigens. The objective of this study was to analyze the vaccination status of children aged 6 to 30 months with a view to improving vaccination coverage. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study which took place from June to September 2018 in a tertiary health center, focusing on children aged 6 to 30 months with a correctly completed health record. The parameters studied were sex, age, educational level of mothers, dates of vaccine administration and reason for missed vaccination opportunities. Results: We retained 212 children. The sex ratio was 1.21 and 93% had received the BCG vaccine before the age of 1 month. The average ages of combined and co-administered vaccines for the 1st and 2nd doses were 7.66 ± 3.81 and 12.88 ± 3.95 weeks, respectively. The median was 16.57 weeks for the 3rd dose. The proportion of vaccinated subjects was greater than 90% for the BCG vaccine and the 3 doses of combined vaccines, and 77% for the yellow fever and measles vaccines. The reasons for non-vaccination were attributable to the children’s parents and health facilities. Conclusion: Improving vaccination coverage requires regular supply of vaccines to centers, and the involvement of all health professionals, community and religious leaders in the vaccination awareness process.

关键词： Children Vaccination Coverage Missed Opportunities

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Assessment of Nitrates and Nitrites in Borehole Water from the southern and the Northern Region of Côte d’Ivoire (West Africa)

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Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2024年第2期14卷 87-105页

作者： Jean Stéphane Claon kouassi Kouakou Serge Sérikipré Laurent Seka M’Bassidjé Arsène N’Guettia Kossonou Roland Traoré Aïcha Djamanallico Joseph Kouadio Kouakou Luc Analytical Sciences and Public Health Department University of Félix Houphou&#235t-Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Water Quality Control and Analysis Laboratory (LACQUe) Office National de l’Eau Potable (ONEP) Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Biology and Health Laboratory University of Félix Houphou&#235t-Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Department of Medical and Fundamental Biochemistry Institut Pasteur of C&#244te d’Ivoire Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Laboratory of environmental Sciences (LSe) University of Nangui Abrogoua Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire

This study aimed to evaluate the quality of water from village boreholes by measuring physicochemical parameters such as nitrates, nitrites, and total organic carbon (TOC). Forty-five (45) village pumps from the southern (Basse Côte) and the Northern (Korhogo) region of Cte d’Ivoire (west Africa) were sampled. Physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, conductivity at 25˚C, and turbidity were determined in situ, while nitrite and nitrate were analyzed according to Iso 10304-1 (2007) standard and total organic carbon (TOC) by NF eN 1484 (1997) standard. The results showed that the borehole waters of the Basse Côte and Korhogo analyzed are acidic, with an average temperature of 27.51˚C ± 0.16˚C and 29.95˚C ± 0.51˚C respectively for the Basse Côte and Korhogo regions. The borehole waters of the Basse Côtedo not contain nitrites, while those of Korhogo have average nitrite contents of 0.32 mg/l. The average nitrate rate in the waters of the Basse Côte and Korhogo are 12.08 ± 2.11 mg/l and 11.03 ± 3.18 mg/l respectively. The average TOC concentration of the waters of the Basse Côte is 1.28 ± 0.32 mg/l and that of Korhogo is 0.56 ± 0.09 mg/L. The study showed that the borehole waters of the Basse Côte and Korhogo have average temperatures between 27.4˚C and 29.95˚C with a slightly acidic pH value and acceptable salinity. The TOC concentrations obtained at the different sampling points were all below the French standard (2 mg/L) except for certains pumps of the Basse Côte. The water samples from the Basse Côte were devoid of nitrite. On the other hand, those from Korhogo revealed the presence of nitrite. Also, the borehole waters of the regions of the Basse Côte and Korhogo contain relatively high nitrate contents, presumably due to anthropometric activity. Overall, our study on the quality of drinking water showed that the waters analyzed are in compliance with international standards and safe for consumption.

关键词： Drinking Water pH Turbidity TOC Nitrates Nitrites Health effect

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Osteoarticular Lesions of the Shoulder Girdle by Hippopotamus Bite: Highly Septic Lesion

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第2期14卷 114-121页

作者： Jr Pierre Germain Ochou Achié Jean Régis Akobe Yao Aboh Ganyn Robert Arnaud Assere Kouamé Jean-eric kouassi Adelaïde Aya Natacha kouassi Ibrahim soumahoro Zolopégué Marcel soro Sédi Loues De Randolphe Akpro Gbalé Yannick Blé Kouamé Innocent M’bra Loukou Blaise Yao Bada Juste Léopold NiaoréSery Koffi Léopold Krah Michel Kodo Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatological Surgery Bouaké University Hospital Bouaké Ivory Coast Raoul Follereau Institute Manikro Centre Bouaké Ivory Coast

Hippopotamus bites are rare in medical consultations, despite several studies exposing their aggressive character. A case of a hippopotamus bite on the shoulder of a fisherman has been reported. In addition to the osteoarticular aspect representing a therapeutic problem, the infectious aspect was marked by sepsis, with a death in less than 48 hours. Based on this observation, a protocol for the initial management of large animal bites was submitted.

关键词： Bite Hippopotamus Septic Shock

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epidemio-Clinical-Histopathological Aspects and Therapeutics of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Conjunctival at the University Hospital Center of Bouake

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第2期14卷 159-167页

作者： Philippe emile France Koffi Bile Pierre Windinmanegde Djiguimde Gossé François Diomandé Zana Diabate kouassi Franck-Hermann Koffi Liliale ella Godé Ange Mickael Goule Opeyemi Babayeju Yves Ouattara Ibrahim Abib Diomande Ophthalmology Department University Hospital Center Bouake C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Ophthalmology Department University Hospital Center Bogodogo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva is one of the most common malignancies in the elderly. Purpose: To describe the specific aspects of squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva and to determine the therapeutic modalities. Materials and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional retrospective study carried out at the University Hospital Center of Bouake over a period of 9 years (From January 2015 to December 2023). We identified all malignant oculo-adnexal and orbital tumors whose histopathological diagnosis was confirmed;monitoring the sorting of squamous cell carcinomas of the conjunctiva among these cancers and studying the different parameters linked to them. Results: The average age of patients is 44.3 years. Male predominance with a sex ratio of 1.12. HIV was the majority ATCD with 64.7%. The main reason for consultation was exophthalmos (36.11%). The average consultation time was 10 months 13 days. Invasive differentiated conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma was predominant at 55.56%. enucleation was the most performed surgical method. Conclusion: Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva is a malignant ocular tumor of the elderly whose frequency increases in young adults infected with HIV-AIDS. Invasive differentiated forms are increasingly encountered, limiting treatment to mutilating surgery.

关键词： Malignant Tumor Ocular Carcinoma Conjunctiva

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effect of Biofertilizers on the Agromorphological Parameters of Three Okra Cultivars in southern Côte d’Ivoire

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第4期15卷 408-422页

作者： Guinagui N’doua Bertrand Nomel Meless Patrice Sanogo souleymane kouassi N’dri Pacôme Kouadio edouard Yves Gilchrist Dao Jonas Patrick Koné Dapah Sara Fatim Koné Daouda Fatogoma sorho Plant Physiology and Pathology Teaching and Research Unit UFR Biosciences F&#233lix Houphou&#235t-Boigny University Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire WASCAL Center/African Center of excellence on Climate Change Biodiversity and Sustainable Agriculture (WASCAL/CEA-CCBAD) Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is an herbaceous plant of the Malvaceae family. In Côte d’Ivoire, okra production is estimated to be over 193,000 tons. This low production is largely due to poor soils and hardly covers the needs of the population. To remedy this, growers systematically use mineral fertilizers. However, these fertilizers pollute the environment. To find an alternative to chemical fertilization and increase production, the effect of biofertilizers (Spaawet, Retone, Super Gro) compared with NPK mineral fertilizer was evaluated on Divo, Teriman, and Djonan F1 cultivars. The trial was set up in a factorial block design with three replications. Plant height, number of functional leaves, and crown diameter were assessed at 60 days after sowing (DAS). The time to 50% flowering, production time, and fruit yield were calculated. The results showed that the biofertilizer Retone induced the highest heights and number of functional leaves, with averages of 61.89 cm and 29.88 leaves, respectively. The diameter at the crown (17.77 mm) was highest with the NPK mineral fertilizer, and the shortest 50% flowering time, with an average of 47.61 days, was also obtained with the biofertilizer Retone. The NPK mineral fertilizer produced the longest production time, with an average of 35.25 days. The highest yields were obtained using Retone (11.07 t/ha) and NPK (9.52 t/ha) fertilizers. The “Divo*Retone” interaction produced the highest yield with an average of 12.19 t/ha. The biofertilizer Retone could therefore be used as an alternative fertilizer to chemical fertilization in okra crops, given its effect on the parameters assessed.

关键词： Biofertilizer Retone Mineral Fertilizer Okra Yield Côte d’Ivoire

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