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Modeling of Antenna for Deep Target Hydrocarbon Exploration

Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications 2012年第1期4卷 30-41页

作者： Noorhana Yahya Nadeem Nasir Majid Niaz Akhtar Muhammad Kashif Hasnah Mohd Zaid afza shafie 不详

Nowadays control source electromagnetic method is used for offshore hydrocarbon exploration. Hydrocarbon detection in sea bed logging (SBL) is a very challenging task for deep target hydrocarbon reservoir. Response of electromagnetic (EM) field from marine environment is very low and it is very difficult to predict deep target reservoir below 2 km from the sea floor. This work premise deals with modeling of new antenna for deep water deep target hydrocarbon exploration. Conventional and new EM antennas at 0.125 Hz frequency are used in modeling for the detection of deep target hydrocarbon reservoir. The proposed area of the seabed model (40 km ′ 40 km) was simulated by using CST (computer simulation technology) EM studio based on Finite Integration Method (FIM). Electromagnetic field components were compared at 500 m target depth and it was concluded that Ex and Hz components shows better resistivity contrast. Comparison of conventional and new antenna for different target depths was done in our proposed model. From the results, it was observed that conventional antenna at 0.125 Hz shows 70%, 86% resistivity contrast at target depth of 1000 m where as new antenna showed 329%, 355% resistivity contrast at the same target depth for Ex and Hz field respectively. It was also investigated that at frequency of 0.125 Hz, new antenna gave 46% better delineation of hydrocarbon at 4000 m target depth. This is due to focusing of electromagnetic waves by using new antenna. New antenna design gave 125% more extra depth than straight antenna for deep target hydrocarbon detection. Numerical modeling for straight and new antenna was also done to know general equation for electromagnetic field behavior with target depth. From this numerical model it was speculated that this new antenna can detect up to 4.5 km target depth. This new EM antenna may open new frontiers for oil and gas industry for the detection of deep target hydrocarbon reservoir (HC).

关键词： Electromagnetic Hydrocarbon SBL Antenna CST

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Guided and Direct Wave Evaluation of Controlled Source Electromagnetic Survey Using Finite Element Method

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Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications 2012年第3期4卷 135-146页

作者： Noorhana Yahya Majid Niaz Akhtar Nadeem Nasir Muhammad Kashif afza shafie Hasnah Mohd Zaid Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Bandar Seri Iskandar Tronoh Malaysia Fundamental and Applied Sciences Department Bandar Seri Iskandar Tronoh Malaysia

Deep target hydrocarbon detection is still challenging and expensive. Direct hydrocarbon indicators (DHIs) in seismic data do not correspond to economical hydrocarbon exploration. Due to unreliability in seismic data for the detection of DHIs, new methods have been investigated. Marine controlled source electromagnet (MCSEM) or Sea bed logging (SBL) is new method for the detection of deep target hydrocarbon reservoir. Sea bed logging has also the potential to reduce the risks of DHIs in deep sea environment. Modelling of real sea environment helps to reduce the further risks before drilling the oil wells. 3D electromagnetic (EM) modelling of seabed logging requires more accurate methods for the detection of hydrocarbon reservoir. Finite element method (FEM) is chosen for the modelling of seabed logging to get more precise EM response from hydrocarbon reservoir below 4000 m from seabed. FEM allows to investigate the total electric and magnetic fields instead of scattered electric and magnetic fields, which shows accurate and precise resistivity contrast below the seabed. From the modelling results, It was investigated that Hz field shows higher magni- tude with 342% than the Ex field. It was observed that 0.125 Hz frequency can be able to show better resistivity contrast of Hz field (31.30%) and Ex field (16.49%) at target depth of 1000 m below seafloor for our proposed model. Hz and Ex field delineation was found to decrease as target depth increased from 1000 m to 4000 m. At the target depth of 4000 m, no field delineation response was seen from the current electromagnetic (EM) antenna used by the industry. New EM antenna has been used to see the EM response for deep target hydrocarbon detection. It was investigated that novel EM antenna shows better delineation at 4000 m target depth for Ex and Hz field up to 10.3% and 15.1% respectively. Novel EM antenna also shows better Hz phase response (128.4%) than the Ex phase response (38.3%) at the target depth of 4000 m

关键词： Sea Bed Logging Controlled Source Electromagnetic (CSEM) Electromagnetic (EM) Antenna and Finite Element Method

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Electromagnetic Response Studies of the Antenna for Deep Water Deep Target CSEM Environments

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Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications 2012年第12期4卷 513-522页

作者： Noorhana Yahya Nadeem Nasir Majid Niaz Akhtar Muhammad Kashif Tanvir Hussain Hasnah Mohd Zaid afza shafie Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department Tronoh Malayia Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department Tronoh Malayia 3Fundamental and Applied Science Department National Textile University Faisalabad Pakistan Fundamental and Applied Science Department Tronoh Malayia Fundamental and Applied Science Department Tronoh Malayia 2Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department Tronoh Malayia Mechanical Engineering Department Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Tronoh Malaysia.

The Controlled Source Electromagnetic Method (CSEM) is used for offshore hydrocarbon exploration. Hydrocarbon detection in seabed logging (SBL) is a very challenging task for deep hydrocarbon reservoirs. The electromagnetic field response of an antenna is unable to detect deep hydrocarbon reservoirs due to a weak electromagnetic signal response in the seabed logging environment. This work premise deals with the comparison of the electromagnetic signal strength of a new antenna with a straight antenna and the orientation of an antenna for deep target hydrocarbon exploration. Antenna position and orientation (Tx and Ty) was studied using Computer Simulation Technology software (CST) for deep targets in marine CSEM environments. The model area was assigned as (40 ′ 40 km) to replicate the real seabed environment. From the results, the new dipole antenna shows an 804% and 278% increase in electric and magnetic field strength than the straight antenna. An electric (E) and magnetic (H) field component study was done with and without the presence of a hydrocarbon reservoir. Ex and Hz field component responses with the new antenna at the1 kmtarget were measured in a deep water environment. It was analyzed that the antenna shows 53.10% (Ex) and 83.13% (Hz) field difference in deep water with and without a hydrocarbon reservoir at the30 mantenna position from the sea floor. From the antenna orientation results, it was observed that, the electric field Ex and magnetic field Hz responses decreased from 18% to 12% and 21% to 16%, respectively but was still able to detect the deep target hydrocarbon reservoir at the4 kmtarget depth. This EM antenna may open new frontiers for the oil and gas industry for deep target hydrocarbon detection (HC).

关键词： Control Source Electromagnetic (CSEM) Seabed Logging (SBL) Antenna Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Hydrocarbon (HC)

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Guided and Direct Wave Evaluation of Controlled Source Electromagnetic Survey Using Finite Element Method

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Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications（电磁分析与应用期刊） 2012年第3期

作者： Noorhana Yahya Majid Niaz Akhtar Nadeem Nasir Muhammad Kashif afza shafie Hasnah Mohd Zaid

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Modeling of Antenna for Deep Target Hydrocarbon Exploration

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Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications（电磁分析与应用期刊） 2012年第1期

作者： Noorhana Yahya Nadeem Nasir Majid Niaz Akhtar Muhammad Kashif Hasnah Mohd Zaid afza shafie

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INDUCTION OF SOMATIC EMBRYOS AND REGENERATION OF PLANTLETS FROM RICE ROOTS

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核农学报 1996年第4期 216-220页

作者： R.afza H.Brunner Plant Breeding Unit IAEA Laboratories Seibersdorf Austria Plant Breeding Unit IAEA Laboratories Seibersdorf

The number of somatic embryos and regenerated plantlets were directly induced from irra-diated rice roots of the variety Taipei 309(Oryza sativa L.).For the induction of somatic em-bryos,the suitable age of roots was no more than 7 days after seed culture on the medium and thesections near tip were more vigorous than those near base of a root;the number of somatic em-bryos induced by the media with 1.11mg/L2,4-D plus 0.47mg/L NAA and 2.21mg/L 2,4-Dplus 1.86mg/L NAA was much higher than that induced by 1.11mg/L 2,4-D alone;10～20 Gyand 40 Gy of γ irradiation were the most favourable for increasing somatic embryo number onthe media of 2.21mg/L 2,4-D plus 1.86mg/L NAA and 1.11mg/L 2,4-D plus 0.47mg/L NAAor 1.11mg/L 2,4-D alone *** highest number of regenerated plantlets was fromthat cultured on the medium of 1.11mg/L 2,4-D plus 0.47mg/L NAA and irradiated with 30～40 Gy of γ rays.

关键词： Rice roots γ-irradiation somatic embryogenesis

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Audit Committees： How They Affect Financial Reporting in Nigerian Companies

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Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing 2013年第8期9卷 1070-1080页

作者： Abdulkadir Madawaki Noor afza Amran Shehu Shagari College of Education Sokoto Nigeria Universiti Utara Malaysia Kedah Malaysia

This study examines whether audit committees are associated with improved financial reporting quality for a sample of Nigerian listed companies prior to and after a corporate governance code mandated new regulations for audit committees in 2003. Using a sample of 70 companies listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange, this study uses archival data in the form of companies＇ annual reports to measure the association between audit committees and improved financial reporting quality. Dechew and Dichev （2002）＇s model was used to measure earnings as a proxy for financial reporting quality. The results indicate that formation of audit committees was positively associated with improved financial reporting quality. It was also found that audit committees having an independent chair and audit committee expertise were positively associated with financial reporting quality. Other audit committee characteristics examined were found to be insignificantly related to financial reporting quality.

关键词： audit committees financial reporting quality Nigerian listed companies

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Corporate governance mechanisms and performance： Analysis of Malaysian family and non-family controlled companies

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Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing 2010年第2期6卷 1-15页

作者： Noor afza Amran Ayoib Che Ahmad College of Business Universiti Utara Malaysia Sintok Kedah 06010 Malaysia

Most study concentrating on family and non-family companies is conducted overseas with little research carried out in Malaysia. This study examined the impact of corporate governance mechanisms on family and non-family controlled companies＇ performance. The sample size of this study is 730 companies listed on Bursa Malaysia from 2003 to 2007. The findings reveal that corporate governance mechanisms influence the family and non-family controlled companies＇ performance. But not all corporate governance mechanisms are significant. The significant variables differ between family and non-family controlled companies. Thus, regulators need to be vigilant that family and non-family controlled companies practise differently and to set different code needed for each type of families.

关键词： corporate governance mechanisms performance family-controlled companies Malaysia

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Ethnopharmacological Survey of Plants Used for the Treatment of Stomach,Diabetes,and Ophthalmic Diseases in Sudhan Gali,Kashmir,Pakistan

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云南植物研究 2006年第5期28卷 535-542页

作者： Muhammad Waseem M.Amin Ullah Shah Rizwana Aleem Qureshi Iqbal Muhammad Rabia afza Saeeda Yousaf World Wildlife Fund Pakistan Quaid-e-Azam University IslamabadPakistan Kohat University ofScience & Technology KohatPakistan University of Peshawar Pakistan

The present paper represents the ethnopharmacological survey of Sudhan Gali,Kashmir,*** study revealed that 12 plant species belonging to 11 families were used for the treatment of stomach,diabetes and ophthalmic diseases by the local people in Sudhan *** millefolium,Aconitum heterophyllum,Berberis lycium,Polygonum amplexicaule,Mentha longifolia,Paeonia emodi,Plantago lanceolata were locally used for stomach related problems treatment;Berberis lycium,Skimmia lareola,Solanum dulcamara for diabetes and Geranium wallichianum,Artemisia vulgaris,Solanum dulcamara,and Corydalis crassifolia used for the treatment of ophthalmic *** species Berberis lycium and Solanum dulcamara have multipurpose *** is used to treat stomach as well as diabetes while latter is used to treat not only to diabetes but also ophthalmic *** to IUCN categories,out of these 12 plant species collected and marketed,Polygonum amplexicaule and Paeonia emodi are endangered,Aconitum heterophyllum;Berberis lycium species are vulnerable while Plantago lanceolata and Skimmia lareola species are *** availability of these medicinal plants has decreased during the past 20 years and these are facing a drastic biotic pressure due to their extensive usage and non-scientific methods of *** is quite evident that these valuable native medicinal plants species are going to decline in number and ultimately will become extinct if no timely proper conservation strategies are adopted.

关键词： Medicinal plants IUCN Biotic pressure Conservation Ethnopharmacology

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New Artificial Intelligence Technology Will Threaten Survival of Humankind

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英语学习 2015年第2期 12-13页

作者： afza Fathima 李殊张利华

*** Intelligence：人工智能，是对人的意识、思维的信息过程的模拟，为计算机科学的一个分支。***：（部分机能由各种电子或电机装置代替的）半机械人。靠机械装置维持生命的人。

关键词：英语教学教学方法阅读教学英语学习

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