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Variability in Spatial Distribution of Precipitation Overall Rugged Topography of Lebanon, Using TRMM Images

Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2019年第3期9卷 369-380页

作者： Ihab Jomaa Marie Therese abi Saab Sleiman Skaf Nisrine El Haj Randa Massaad Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute Tal Amara Lebanon Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute Fanar Lebanon

Rain gages data represents limited spatial coverage, especially in rugged terrains like Lebanon. Other precipitation data sources are the developing satellite and radar technologies. In this study, Tropical Rain Measurement Mission (TRMM) monthly rainfall data of 18 years (1998-2014 and 2017) was used to understand monthly and yearly precipitation spatial distribution overall Lebanon. Topographic effect of rainfall spatial distribution was investigated in comparison to Plassard’s map of 1971. The annual precipitation over the country ranged between 850 mm and 200 mm that differs than the existing historical map. The maximum rainfall rate decreased by about 700 mm between the derived TRMM rainfall map and Plassard’s one. Spatial distribution of maximum precipitation rates does not coincide between maps. TRMM map of elevated terrains did not show similar trends of rainfall distribution as Plassard’s. Pixels (Lebanon was divided into 27 pixels) of lower rainfall rates was found toward the eastern side of Lebanon, in contrast to Plassard’s results. Anti-Lebanon did not show an increase in precipitation in accordance to altitude. Spatial variability of precipitation was about 50 mm between pixels which reveals the importance of considering topography while implemented rain gages as observation points. TRMM and satellite rainfall data aid in investigating complete spatial distribution of rainfall over continuous periods. Accumulating knowledge of spatial rainfall distribution on timely basis will lead to better future modelling on floods and drought conditions in Lebanon.

关键词： TRMM Data Rainfall Plassard’s Map Lebanon Topography

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Preliminary Investigation of Total Ozone Column and Its Relationship with Atmospheric Variables

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2023年第2期13卷 225-239页

作者： Moses Owoicho Audu Ejembi Emmanuel Otor Daniel abi Daniel Audu Ogbe Chibuoke Kingsley Arinze Department of Physics Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University (Federal University of Agriculture) Makurdi Nigeria Department of Natural and Applies Sciences Namibia University of Science and Technology Windhoek Namibia Department of Chemical Science Yaba College of Technology Lagos Nigeria

This study attempts to investigate the interaction between lower and upper atmosphere, employing daily data of Total Ozone Column (TOC) and atmospheric parameter (cloud cover) over Nigeria from 1998-2012;in order to study the dynamic effect of ozone on climate and vice versa. This is due to the fact that ozone and climate influence each other and the understanding of the dynamic effect of the interconnectivity is still an open research area. Monthly mean daily TOC and cloud cover data were obtained from the Earth Probe Total Ozone Mass Spectroscopy (EPTOMS) and the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP)-D2 datasets respectively. Bivariate analysis and Mann Kendall trend tests were used in data analysis. MATLAB and ArcGIS software were employed in analyzing the data. Results reveal that TOC increased spatially from the coastal region to the north eastern region of the country. Seasonally, the highest value of TOC was observed at the peak of rainy season when cloud activity is very high, while the lowest value was recorded in dry season. These variations were attributed to rain producing mechanisms and atmospheric phenomena which influence the transport and distribution of ozone. Furthermore, the statistical analysis reveals significant relationship between TOC and low and middle cloud covers in contrast to high cloud cover. This relationship is consistent with previous studies using other atmospheric variables. This study has given scientific insight which is useful in understanding the coupling of the lower and upper atmosphere.

关键词： Total Ozone Column Cloud Cover Ozone Depletion Atmospheric Variables EPTOMS Nigeria

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岩质隧道围岩稳定分析与分级研讨

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现代隧道技术 2022年第1期59卷 1-13页

作者：郑颖人阿比尔的陆军勤务学院重庆400041 重庆交通大学重庆400074

1975年后有限元数值极限方法的出现和计算机的应用和发展,使得工程材料的弹塑性解析计算进入到数值极限计算的新时代。文章所研究的岩质隧道就是采用了这一新方法,即强度折减法与荷载增量法,以及最近提出的极限应变法。为解决岩体隧道... 详细信息

1975年后有限元数值极限方法的出现和计算机的应用和发展,使得工程材料的弹塑性解析计算进入到数值极限计算的新时代。文章所研究的岩质隧道就是采用了这一新方法,即强度折减法与荷载增量法,以及最近提出的极限应变法。为解决岩体隧道围岩力学参数的不确定性,提供较为科学合理的围岩力学参数,必须做好理论、勘察和经验相结合的围岩分级工作。以轨道交通隧道围岩分级为例提升分级的水准,包括强度指标的改进,以定量分级为主的分级方法,合理确定岩体基本质量指标BQ值,增加围岩分级数量,制定区间隧道与车站隧道的围岩分级表,定性与定量分级方法的协调与统一。最后,确定围岩自稳能力量化指标,通过反算提出较为科学合理的围岩物理力学参数。

关键词：极限分析法数值极限分析轨道交通隧道围岩分级岩体基本质量围岩力学参数

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Fecundity and Distribution of Oocyte Diameters of Horse Mackerel Trachurus trachurus from Algerian Western Coast （Oran Bay）

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Journal of Life Sciences 2013年第12期7卷 1272-1277页

作者： Malika Gherram Ahmed Bensahla Talet Sidi Mohammed El Amine abi Ayad Fatiha Dalouche Aquaculture Laboratory and Bioremediation (AQUabiOR) Department of Biotechnology University of Es-Sdnia Oran 31000Algeria

In the present paper, a study of the productivity of oocytes in 402 female individuals of the horse mackerel, Trachurus trachurus for an interval of fork length （LF） between 14 cm and 20 cm, in stage IV （pre-spawning） and V （spawning） was performed to estimate the fecundity rate in Oran Bay （Algerian western coast） since October 2008 to April 2009. Total fecundity （absolute and relative） were calculated using fish length, weight and eviscerated weight of gonads. Absolute fecundity by size class oscillates from 33,375 to 56,391 eggs with an average of 48,686 ±11,470. The relative fecundity ranges from 34,802 to 139,636 eggs per 100 g body weight with an average of 96,955 ± 33,814 and it is varying between 15,544 and 46,561 per gram of gonad with an average of 28,595 ±20,251. The distribution of oocytes shows that stages I and II are presented throughout the spawning season and they constitute a stockpile for subsequent clutches.

关键词： Carangidae Trachurus trachurus reproduction fecundity Oran bay Algerian western coast.

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低压电气设备的保护措施

低压电气设备的保护措施

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作者： G.·比格迈??abi Ge Mai?

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Omega 3 Fatty Acid and Cannabidiol Prolong Lifespan and Ameliorates Brain Ischaemia in Mice Fed Chronic High Fat Diet

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2022年第7期12卷 335-341页

作者： Innocent abi Aver Maria Yongu Ugbudu George Tersoo Olasupo Stephen Adeniyi Linus Chia Saalu Department of Physiology College of Health Sciences Benue State University Makurdi Nigeria Department of Anatomy College of Health Sciences Benue State University Makurdi Nigeria

Diets these days contain more fats. High fat diet (HFD) is a model of unhealthy eating in experimental animals. It is known to induce inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. Cannabidiol (CBD), the non-psychoactive component of Cannbis sativa has been legalized for medicinal use in many countries of the world. Omega 3 fatty acid, commonly found in fish oil is medicinal and necessary for brain development. The antioxidant and neuroprotective functions of CBD and omega 3 have made them relevant in many researches. In this study, 45 mice were used and divided into three groups of 15 animals each: Group 1 (normal feed and water ad libidum);Group 2 (HFD ad libidum);Group 3 (HFD + CBD + Omega 3) for 16 weeks. Thereafter, five animals from each group were selected and their frontal lobes were harvested for histological analyses using H and E staining. The remaining mice were allowed to feed on normal diet and observed till death. At the end, HFD significantly reduced life span (57.4 ± 0.3) when compared to control (78.9 ± 1.6) and HFD + CBD + omega 3 group (74.5 ± 0.8) at p < 0.05. HFD also caused significant brain ischemic damage, neuronophagia and significant perivascular oedema. CBD + Omega 3 induced significant astrocytosis compared to control and HFD group. The immune stimulation by the CBD + Omega 3 could be responsible for tissue survival and longevity by protection from inflammatory and oxidative injuries. Ischaemic tissue death could have been prevented by amelioration of artheroma formation due to HFD. Further studies will be required to ascertain other possible mechanisms behind these findings.

关键词： Omega 3 CBD HFD Lifespan Astrocytosis

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Prospective Memory Assessment,before and after the Use of Concentrated Extract of Soy,in Postmenopausal Women Complaining of Memory Impairment

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2013年第4期4卷 217-222页

作者： Lucia Helena Laprano Vieira Teresa Raquel Embirucu de Araújo Mauro abi Haidar Ivaldo Silva Gynecological Endocrinology Department of GynecologyFederal University of Sao Paulo(UNIFESP)Sao PauloBrazil

Objective: To evaluate the performance of a sample of postmenopausal women complaining of decline of prospective memory, undergoing therapy with concentrated extract of soy (CES) for six months, through specific neuropsychological assessment, developed for this purpose. Materials and Methods: A randomized and double-blind study was with 90 women, 12-month amenorrhea, 40 years to 65 years and body mass index (BMI) above 30 kg/m2, whose complaints were reduction of cognitive efficiency. The participants were randomly divided into two treatment groups: Group I— received one capsule of 150 mg extract of soy, with 60 mg isoflavones orally/day;Group II—received one capsule placebo, for six months. All participants underwent a detailed interview, the MMSE, depression scale, and as they were being included in the study, self-perception scales and neuropsychological tests before and after six months of treatment. For analysis purposes, we applied the ANOVA and t-student tests. Results: Our results suggest a possible positive effect regarding the improvement in verbal fluency and executive function tasks of planning and mental flexibility, in women undergoing therapy with concentrated extract of soy in postmenopause. There was no correlation between prospective memory and cognitive performance, and there were only intensity scores of the depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Isoflavones act favorably on the cognitive function, amongst all functions, only on verbal memory and executive function tasks of planning and mental flexibility. The others showed no signs of improvement. We concluded that concentrated extract acts only on some cognitive functions.

关键词： Menopausal Transition Postmenopausal Isoflavones Prospective Memory Neuropsychology

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Urinary Tract Infection Escherichia coli Is Related to the Environmental Escherichia coli in Their DNA Barcoding and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Grenada

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Advances in Microbiology 2016年第1期6卷 33-46页

作者： Karla Farmer abi James Ravindra Naraine Grace Dolphin Wayne Sylvester Victor Amadi Svetlana V. Kotelnikova School of Medicine St. George’s University St. George’s Grenada School of Veterinary Medicine St. George’s University St. George’s Grenada

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are among one of the most common infections in women, with uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) being involved in 80% of cases. In addition, E. coli exhibits an increasing resistance to broad spectrum antimicrobial agents as well as the subsequent generations of these drugs. The genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance patterns of both clinical and environmental E. coli isolates were studied to predict the potential of transmission of organisms and genes for antibiotic resistance from three different major eco-habitats including the gut of iguanas’ fresh and marine waters and the human urinary tract. (GTG)5 and BOX-PCR extragenic DNA fingerprinting allowed for the tracking of the relatedness of four different ecotype groups. Both DNA fingerprinting methods targeted non-protein coding or exogenous palindromic DNA and demonstrated shared origin and intraspecies level of genomic diversity within the population of the studied bacteria. DNA fingerprinting based on BOX-PCR was less discriminating than the (GTG)5-PCR, and produced five major clades. BOX-PCR analysis indicated that 44% of the UTI E. coli isolates was comprised within a single clade, therefore it correlated better with ecotype distribution. The (GTG)5 PCR based co-clustering analysis showed that the clinical isolates appeared to have a closer relationship to iguana E. coli isolates than to the fresh and marine water isolates. However, in accordance with the BOX PCR co-clustering analysis, the clinical isolates were most similar to the marine water isolates, followed by the freshwater and iguana E. coli isolates. Seventy two percent of antibiotic resistance patterns were shared by the UTI strains with E. coli isolated from freshwater, followed by iguana.

关键词： Exogenous DNA E. coli Urinary Tract Infection UPEC (GTG)5

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Dynamic Modelling of Dengue Epidemics in Function of Available Enthalpy and Rainfall

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2016年第1期6卷 50-79页

作者： Hugo abi Karam Julio Cesar Barreto da Silva Augusto José Pereira Filho José Luis Flores Rojas Instituto de Geociências IGEO-CCMN-UFRJ Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil Departmento de Estatística CCET-UFRN Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Natal Brasil Instituto de Astronomia Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas IAG-USP Universidade de Sao Paulo SP Brasil

In this work, we present results of an investigation of environmental precursors of infectious epidemic of dengue fever in the Metropolitan Area of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, obtained by a numerical model with representation of infection and reinfection of the population. The period considered extend between 2000 and 2011, in which it was possible to pair meteorological data and the reporting of dengue patients worsening. These data should also be considered in the numerical model, by assimilation, to obtain simulations of Dengue epidemics. The model contains compartments for the human population, for the vector Aedes aegypti and four virus serotypes. The results provide consistent evidence that worsening infection and disease outbreaks are due to the occurrence of environmental precursors, as the dynamics of the accumulation of water in the breeding and energy availability in the form of metabolic activation enthalpy during pre-epidemic periods.

关键词： Modelling Dengue Epidemics Environmental Enthalpy Environmental Precursors of Dengue Epidemics

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我该吃些什么食物才能熬过夜班呢?

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英国医学杂志中文版 2020年第10期23卷 551-552页

作者： abi Rimmer 胡俊(译) The BMJ 中华医学会组织管理部

吃得健康并不总是下半夜优先考虑的事情,但三位专家告诉abi Rimmer选择正确的食物可以使你维持精力水平并且长期受益。与提前计划为友Martin Kohlmeier,北卡罗莱纳大学营养研究所人类研究核心小组的负责人。

关键词：北卡罗莱纳大学优先考虑核心小组食物

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