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Emergency Medicine and COVID-19:now and next year

Emergency and Critical Care Medicine 2021年第1期1卷 14-19页

作者： Theodore A.christopher adrienne n.christopher Department of Emergency Medicine Thomas Jefferson University HospitalPhiladelphiaPennsylvania Department of Surgery Thomas Jefferson University HospitalPhiladelphiaPennsylvania

The COVID-19 pandemic is responsible for infecting to date more than 93 million people worldwide and causing more than 2 million *** the vast majority of deaths have occurred in the United States(U.S.)can be attributed to nonadherence by Americans to basic public health mitigation strategies that are known to curtail coronavirus *** Departments(ED’s)throughout the *** a dramatic decrease in patient visits during the first surge of COVID-19,followed by an ED patient visit rebound to approximately 80%of pre-COVID-19 numbers,which have remained relatively stable through the current second COVID-19 *** pandemic highlighted the significant role that hospital ED’s and emergency physicians played in combatting COVID-19“on the front lines.”Wearing extensive and escalating personal protective equipment(PPE)layers became the norm in seeing emergency patients,and many infrastructure and process changes occurred included evaluating and treating patients in outdoor tents,cohorting confirmed and suspected COVID-19 patients in designated ED and hospital sections,and repeatedly amending COVID-19 evaluation and treatment guidelines as more information became available on a sometimes daily *** other clinical venues in which emergency physicians were working during COVID-19 surges,Observation Unit patient visits decreased,although patient acuity increased;urgent care(UC)patient visits decreased dramatically,whereas Telehealth(TH)patient visits to our 24/7 available platform,JeffCOnnECT,saw a dramatic increase in ***,Dexamethazone and more recently,the monoclonal antibody Bamlanivimab,have formed the mainstay of treatment offered to our patients with COVID-19;all these agents are offered to patients in our ED’s and Observation *** current second COVID-19 surge,with our ED and hospital patient visits remaining essentially stable,has intensified the public health crisis as record numbers of *** continue to a

关键词： Coronavirus COVID-19 Emergency Medicine

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Varicella zoster meningitis complicating combined anti-tumor necrosis factor and corticosteroid therapy in Crohn's disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第21期19卷 3347-3351页

作者： christopher Ma Brennan Walters Richard n Fedorak Division of Gastroenterology University of AlbertaEdmontonAL T6G 2X8Canada

Opportunistic viral infections are a well-recognized complication of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TnF) therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Cases of severe or atypical varicella zoster virus infection, both primary and latent reactivation, have been described in association with immunosuppression of Crohn's disease (CD) patients. However, central nervous system varicella zoster virus infections have been rarely described, and there are no previous reports of varicella zoster virus meningitis associated with anti-TnF therapy among the CD population. Here, we present the case of a 40-year-old male with severe ileocecal-CD who developed a reactivation of dermatomal herpes zoster after treatment with prednisone and adalimumab. The reactivation presented as debilitating varicella zoster virus meningitis, which was not completely resolved despite aggressive antiviral therapy with prolonged intravenous acyclovir and subsequent oral valacyclovir. This is the first reported case of opportunistic central nervous system varicella zoster infection complicating anti-TnF therapy in the CD population. This paper also reviews the literature on varicella zoster virus infections of immunosuppressed IBD patients and the importance of vaccination prior to initiation of anti-TnF therapy.

关键词： Varicella zoster virus Meningitis Crohn’s disease Adalimumab Infliximab corticosteroids Antitumor necrosis factor

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Deletion or underexpression of the Y-chromosome genes CDY2 and HSFY is associated with maturation arrest in American men with nonobstructive azoospermia

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第5期14卷 676-682页

作者： Peter J Stahl Anna n Mielnik christopher E Barbieri Peter n Schlegel Darius A Paduch Department of Urology Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew York Presbyterian HospitaI-CornellNew YorkNY 10065USA

Maturation arrest （MA） refers to failure of germ cell development leading to clinical nonobstructive azoospermia. Although the azoospermic factor （AZF） region of the human Y chromosome is clearly implicated in some cases, thus far very little is known about which individual Y-chromosome genes are important for complete male germ cell development. We sought to identify single genes on the Y chromosome that may be implicated in the pathogenesis of nonobstructive azoospermia associated with MA in the American population. Genotype-phenotype analysis of 132 men with Y-chromosome microdeletions was performed. Protein-coding genes associated with MA were identified by visual analysis of a genotype-phenotype map. Genes associated with MA were selected as those genes within a segment of the Y chromosome that, when completely or partially deleted, were always associated with MA and absence of retrievable testicular sperm. Expression of each identified gene transcript was then measured with quantitative RT-PCR in testicular tissue from separate cohorts of patients with idiopathic MA and obstructive azoospermia. Ten candidate genes for association with MA were identified within an 8.4-Mb segment of the Y chromosome overlapping the AZFb region. CDY2and HSFYwere the only identified genes for which differences in expression were observed between the MA and obstructive azoospermia cohorts. Men with obstructive azoospermia had 12-fold higher relative expression of CDY2transcript （1.33__.0.40 vs. 0.11＋_0.04; P=O.O003） and 16-fold higher expression of HSFYtranscript （0.78__.0.32 vs. 0.05_0.02; P=O.O005） compared to men with MA. CDY2 and HSFYwere also underexpressed in patients with Sertoli cell only syndrome. These data indicate that CDY2and HSFYare located within a segment of the Y chromosome that is important for sperm maturation, and are underexpressed in testicular tissue derived from men with MA. These observations suggest that impairments in CDY2 or HSFYexpression could be impli

关键词： CDY1 protein CDY2 protein genetics histology HSFY human make infertility nonobstructive azoospermia spermato-genesis sperm maturation

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Post-testing measurement of freely movable and diffusible hydrogen in context of WEC formation at cylindrical roller thrust bearings from 100Cr6

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Friction 2021年第4期9卷 876-890页

作者： Martin LInZMAYER Francisco GUTIÉRREZ GUZMÁn Gregor MAnKE Georg JACOBS christopher SOUS Michael POHL Institute for Machine Elements and System Engineering RWTH Aachen UniversitySchinkelstrasse 10Aachen 52062Germany Institute for Materials Material TestingRuhr University BochumUniversitatsstr 150Bochum 44801Germany

Sub-surface crack networks in areas of altered microstructure are a common cause for bearing *** to its appearance under light microscopy,the damage pattern is referred to as White Etching Cracks(WEC).The root causes leading to the formation of WEC are still under ***,it has already been shown that atomic hydrogen can have an accelerating effect on the formation and propagation of *** addition to hydrogen pre-charging,hydrogen can be released and absorbed during rolling/sliding due to the decomposing of the lubricant and *** current work focuses on the analysis of the hydrogen content of cylindrical roller thrust bearings after testing in a FE8 type test rig using two different *** the framework of this work,two different hydrogen analysis methods were used and assessed regarding their *** results show that the so-called Hydrogen Collecting Analysis(HCA)is more suitable to investigate the correlation between lubricant chemistry and hydrogen content in the test bearings than the Local Hydrogen Analysis(LHA).The measurements with the HCA show a continuously increasing freely movable and diffusible hydrogen content under tribological conditions,which leads to the formation of *** tests with an oil without hydrogen showed that the tendency of the system to fail as a result of WEC can be reduced by using a lubricant without hydride compounds.

关键词： White Etching Crack(WEC) White Etching Areas(WEA) hydrogen content Hydrogen Collecting Analysis(HCA) freely movable hydrogen diffusible hydrogen cylindrical roller thrust bearing roller bearings roller contact fatigue

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How can we harness quantitative genetic variation in crop root systems for agricultural improvement?

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第3期58卷 213-225页

作者： christopher n.Topp Adam L.Bray nathanael A.Ellis Zhengbin Liu Donald Danforth Plant Science Center Saint LouisMissouri 63132USA

Root systems are a black box obscuring a comprehensive understanding of plant function,from the ecosystem scale down to the individual. In particular,a lack of knowledge about the genetic mechanisms and environmental effects that condition root system growth hinders our ability to develop the next generation of crop plants for improved agricultural productivity and sustainability. We discuss how the methods and metrics we use to quantify root systems can affect our ability to understand them,how we can bridge knowledge gaps and accelerate the derivation of structurefunction relationships for roots,and why a detailed mechanistic understanding of root growth and function will be important for future agricultural gains.

关键词： Architecture genetics imaging quantification root

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Impact of exome sequencing in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第40期19卷 6721-6729页

作者： christopher J Cardinale Judith R Kelsen Robert n Baldassano Hakon Hakonarson Center for Applied Genomics Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaAbramson Research Center Suite 1216PhiladelphiaPA 19104United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatologyand NutritionDepartment of PediatricsChildren’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPerelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104United States

Approaches to understanding the genetic contribution to inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)have continuously evolved from family-and population-based epidemiology,to linkage analysis,and most recently,to genome-wide association studies(GWAS).The next stage in this evolution seems to be the sequencing of the exome,that is,the regions of the human genome which encode *** GWAS approach has been very fruitful in identifying at least 163 loci as being associated with IBD,and now,exome sequencing promises to take our genetic understanding to the next *** this review we will discuss the possible contributions that can be made by an exome sequencing approach both at the individual patient level to aid with disease diagnosis and future therapies,as well as in advancing knowledge of the pathogenesis of IBD.

关键词： Sequencing Exome Genetics Inflammatory bowel disease

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A Statistical Growth Property of Plant Root Architectures

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Plant Phenomics 2020年第1期2卷 367-377页

作者： Sam Sultan Joseph Snider Adam Conn Mao Li christopher n.Topp Saket navlakha Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Simons Center for Quantitative BiologyCold Spring HarborNYUSA University of California San Diego Institute for Neural ComputationLa JollaCAUSA Donald Danforth Plant Science Center St.LouisMOUSA

numerous types of biological branching networks,with varying shapes and sizes,are used to acquire and distribute ***,we show that plant root and shoot architectures share a fundamental design *** studied the spatial density function of plant architectures,which specifies the probability of finding a branch at each location in the 3-dimensional volume occupied by the *** analyzed 1645 root architectures from four species and discovered that the spatial density functions of all architectures are *** means that despite their apparent visual diversity,all of the roots studied share the same basic shape,aside from stretching and compression along orthogonal ***,the spatial density of all architectures can be described as variations on a single underlying function:a Gaussian density truncated at a boundary of roughly three standard ***,the root density of any architecture requires only four parameters to specify:the total mass of the architecture and the standard deviations of the Gaussian in the threeðx,y,zÞgrowth *** shoot architectures also follow this design form,suggesting that two basic plant transport systems may use similar growth strategies.

关键词： networks Plant directions

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Development process for a higher capacity Propsetter~ system

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2018年第1期28卷 121-126页

作者： christopher J.Brown Product Development-Strata Worldwide LLC

As longwall tailgate support technologies continue to be developed and improved, strata worldwide has worked to design and manufacture a revised Propsetter to provide additional support capacity and enable applications at greater mine *** support is targeted for tailgate applications, however, it can also be utilized for roof support in various types of mining *** paper describes the design changes for enhancing the support capacity of the Propsetter to more closely align its performance with other support technologies currently being employed in longwall *** changes to each design aspect of the Propsetter was key to successfully improving the roof support's load capacity while maintaining controlled *** the load capacity would allow a mine to improve support efficiency with a smaller, less intrusive support compared to support alternatives and reduce the cost per foot of supported *** target support capacity was 711–890 k n at 50 mm of deformation to more closely match the performance of competing tailgate supports such as the 610 mm-diameter CAn~.To achieve this goal, changes were made to all design aspects of the Propsetter: diameter, wedge cut depth and angle, pod size, and confinement *** results from the nIOSH Mine Roof Simulator verified that these design changes were successful in increasing the capacity of the Propsetter to the 711–890 k n range at fifty mms of deformation.

关键词： Propsetter Can Longwall mining Tailgate roof support Controlled deformation

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Characterization of the tribologically relevant cover layers formed on copper in oxygen and oxygen-free conditions

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Friction 2023年第8期11卷 1505-1521页

作者： Selina RAUMEL Khemais BARIEnTI Hoang-Thien LUU nina MERKERT Folke DEnCKER Florian nÜRnBERGER Hans Jürgen MAIER Marc christopher WURZ Institute of Micro Production Technology Leibniz Universität HannoverGarbsen 30823Germany Institut für Werkstoffkunde(Materials Science) Leibniz Universität HannoverGarbsen 30823Germany Institute of Applied Mechanics Clausthal University of TechnologyClausthal-Zellerfeld 38678Germany

Engineering in vacuum or under a protective atmosphere permits the production of materials, wherever the absence of oxygen is an essential demand for a successful processing. However, very few studies have provided quantitative evidence of the effect of oxidized surfaces to tribological properties. In the current study on 99.99% pure copper, it is revealed that tribo-oxidation and the resulting increased abrasive wear can be suppressed by processing in an extreme high vacuum (XHV) adequate environment. The XHV adequate atmosphere was realized by using a silane-doped shielding gas (1.5 vol% SiH4 in argon). To analyse the influence of the ambient atmosphere on the tribological and mechanical properties, a ball–disk tribometer and a nanoindenter were used in air, argon, and silane-doped argon atmosphere for temperatures up to 800 ℃. Resistance measurements of the resulting coatings were carried out. To characterize the microstructures and the chemical compositions of the samples, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used. The investigations have revealed a formation of η-Cu3Si in silane-doped atmosphere at 300 ℃, as well as various intermediate stages of copper silicides. At temperatures above 300 ℃, the formation of γ-Cu5Si were detected. The formation was linked to an increase in hardness from 1.95 to 5.44 GPa, while the Young’s modulus increased by 46% to 178 GPa, with the significant reduction of the wear volume by a factor of 4.5 and the suppression of further oxidation and susceptibility of chemical wear. In addition, the relevant diffusion processes were identified using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.

关键词： wear behavior tribochemical reaction oxidation behavior surface analysis molecular dynamics(MD)simulation

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An aqueous 2.1 V pseudocapacitor with MXene and V-MnO_(2) electrodes

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nano Research 2022年第1期15卷 535-541页

作者： Jiabin Wu Qun Li christopher E.Shuck Kathleen Maleski Husam n.Alshareef Jun Zhou Yury Gogotsi Liang Huang Wuhan national Laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Department of Materials Science and Engineering and A./.Drexel nanomaterials Institute Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvania 19104USA Materials Science and Engineering Physical Science and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Saudi Arabia

MXenes have shown record-breaking redox capacitance in aqueous electrolytes,but in a limited voltage window due to oxidation under anodic potential and hydrogen evolution under high cathodic *** Ti3C2Tx Xene negative electrode with RuO_(2) or carbon-based positive electrodes expanded the voltage window in sulfuric acid electrolyte to about 1.5 ***,we present an asymmetric pseudocapacitor using abundant and eco-friendly vanadium doped MnO_(2) as the positive and Ti_(3)C_(2)Tx MXene as the negative electrode in a neutral 1M Li2SO4 *** all-pseudocapacitive asymmetric device not only uses a safer electrolyte and is a much less expensive counter-electrode than RuO_(2),but also can operate within a 2.1 V voltage window,leading to a maximum energy density of 46 Wh/*** study also demonstrates the possibility of using MXene electrodes to expand the working voltage window of traditional redox-capable materials.

关键词： MXene pseudocapacitors metal oxides supercapacitors manganese oxide

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