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Economic Stress, Precariousness and Risk of High Blood Pressure: A Descriptive Survey of Life Models within Households of the Central Region of Cameroon

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Health 2024年第2期16卷 118-130页

作者： Jean Ndibi Abanda Ulrich Dama Viviane Foussouo Ndoungue Anicet Onana Akoa Melkior Fobasso Dzeuta Alphonse Tedonge Asobochia Arsène Emilien Messi Ndzengue Désiré Tchoffo Faculty of Health Sciences University of Lisala (CIREP-UNILIS) Lisala Democratic Republic of the Congo National Order of Medical and Sanitary Professions Yaoundé Cameroon School of Health Sciences Catholic University of Central Africa Yaoundé Cameroon World Health Organization Maroua Cameroon Faculty of Health Sciences University of Montagnes Banganté Cameroun Faculty of Medicine University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Faculty of Sciences University of Ebolowa Ebolowa Cameroun

Context/Objective: High blood pressure (HBP) currently represents the most widespread chronic non-communicable disease in Cameroon. The increase in its prevalence in the country is the result of multiple factors including economic stress imposed by precariousness, poor living conditions, sources of anxiety, anguish, depression and other behavioral disorders. Economic stress is a globalizing concept that integrates into a purely hermeneutic approach, a particular functioning of the nervous system of an individual who faces employment problems and precarious remuneration conditions. The non-satisfaction by an individual of his basic needs due to insufficient financial means can cause him to become irritable, aggressive, and socially and symbolically isolated, thereby increasing the desire to resort to morbid life models such as excessive consumption of narcotics and other psychoactive substances often associated with high blood pressure. The fight against the emergence of BPH is a complex, multifaceted and multifactorial reality that requires taking into account economic stress. The main objective of this survey is to describe the situation of economic stress within the Cameroonian population, which imposes precariousness and life models at risk of high blood pressure. Specifically, we determined the level of household income and the sources of income. Methods: A cross-sectional survey with a descriptive aim among five hundred households in the Central Region of Cameroon was conducted. A probabilistic technique called simple randomness was used. The number of households to be surveyed was determined indirectly using the Cochrane formula. Data collection in face-to-face mode using a physical questionnaire took place from July 1 to August 31, 2023, after obtaining ethical clearance from the Regional Health Research Ethics Committee, Human from the Center and an administrative authorization for data collection. Regarding their processing, the data was grouped during proc

关键词： Economic Stress Precariousness High Blood Pressure Life Models Households

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Assessment of Nitrates and Nitrites in Borehole Water from the Southern and the Northern Region of Côte d’Ivoire (west Africa)

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Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2024年第2期14卷 87-105页

作者： Jean Stéphane Claon Kouassi Kouakou Serge Sérikipré Laurent Seka M’Bassidjé Arsène N’Guettia Kossonou Roland Traoré Aïcha Djamanallico Joseph Kouadio Kouakou Luc Analytical Sciences and Public Health Department University of Félix Houphou&#235t-Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Water Quality Control and Analysis Laboratory (LACQUE) Office National de l’Eau Potable (ONEP) Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Biology and Health Laboratory University of Félix Houphou&#235t-Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Department of Medical and Fundamental Biochemistry Institut Pasteur of C&#244te d’Ivoire Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Laboratory of Environmental Sciences (LSE) University of Nangui Abrogoua Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire

This study aimed to evaluate the quality of water from village boreholes by measuring physicochemical parameters such as nitrates, nitrites, and total organic carbon (TOC). Forty-five (45) village pumps from the Southern (Basse Côte) and the Northern (Korhogo) region of Cte d’Ivoire (west Africa) were sampled. Physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, conductivity at 25˚C, and turbidity were determined in situ, while nitrite and nitrate were analyzed according to ISO 10304-1 (2007) standard and total organic carbon (TOC) by NF EN 1484 (1997) standard. The results showed that the borehole waters of the Basse Côte and Korhogo analyzed are acidic, with an average temperature of 27.51˚C ± 0.16˚C and 29.95˚C ± 0.51˚C respectively for the Basse Côte and Korhogo regions. The borehole waters of the Basse Côtedo not contain nitrites, while those of Korhogo have average nitrite contents of 0.32 mg/l. The average nitrate rate in the waters of the Basse Côte and Korhogo are 12.08 ± 2.11 mg/l and 11.03 ± 3.18 mg/l respectively. The average TOC concentration of the waters of the Basse Côte is 1.28 ± 0.32 mg/l and that of Korhogo is 0.56 ± 0.09 mg/L. The study showed that the borehole waters of the Basse Côte and Korhogo have average temperatures between 27.4˚C and 29.95˚C with a slightly acidic pH value and acceptable salinity. The TOC concentrations obtained at the different sampling points were all below the French standard (2 mg/L) except for certains pumps of the Basse Côte. The water samples from the Basse Côte were devoid of nitrite. On the other hand, those from Korhogo revealed the presence of nitrite. Also, the borehole waters of the regions of the Basse Côte and Korhogo contain relatively high nitrate contents, presumably due to anthropometric activity. Overall, our study on the quality of drinking water showed that the waters analyzed are in compliance with international standards and safe for consumption.

关键词： Drinking Water pH Turbidity TOC Nitrates Nitrites Health Effect

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Morning Glory Syndrome or Bindweed Flower Papilla Syndrome

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第2期14卷 143-148页

作者： Prudence Ada Assoumou Davy Alex Mouinga Abayi Yoan Mboussou Annick Kougou Ntoutoume Hélène Nyinko Aboughe Olive Matsanga Tatiana Harly Mba Aki Emmanuel Mve Mengome Owendo University Hospital Center Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Omar Bongo Ondimba Military Instructions Hospital Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Mé division Clinic Libreville Gabon Jeanne Ebori Foundation Mother and Child University Hospital Center Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon

Introduction: Morning Glory Syndrome (MGS) is a rare anomaly of the optic nerve characterized by a flower-shaped excavation in the optic disc. This anatomical peculiarity is of growing interest due to its impact on vision and the therapeutic challenges it presents. Despite research advances, gaps persist, requiring thorough exploration to better understand this rare condition. we present the case of a young girl. Observation: A 7-year-old girl presented with persistent deterioration of vision in the right eye since birth. Visual acuity was counting fingers at 2 meters in the right eye and 10/10 in the left eye. Biomicroscopy was normal in both eyes, and fundus examination revealed a funnel-shaped excavation at the optic disc of the right eye, associated with central glial proliferation, thin blood vessels in a radial distribution, and atrophy of the neuroretinal rim. Additional tests confirmed the diagnosis of isolated unilateral Morning Glory Syndrome in the right eye. Combined treatment included appropriate optical correction and functional rehabilitation. Regular ophthalmological follow-up over a one-year period was established to monitor visual acuity evolution, optic disc stability, and detect any potential complications. The reserved prognosis was marked by the absence of ocular complications and maintenance of initial visual acuity in the right eye. Conclusion: The positive response to management underscores the importance of an integrated approach, early diagnosis, therapeutic adherence, and personalized strategies.

关键词： Morning Glory Anomaly Congenital Disc OCT

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新时代劳动精神内涵解析

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大学（思政教研） 2024年第9期 47-50页

作者：杜鑫马伟佳木斯大学马克思主义学院黑龙江佳木斯154007

新时代劳动精神的思想内涵深远且丰富,它以马克思主义劳动观为理论基石,以共产党人长期的劳动实践为发展指向,汲取中华优秀传统文化中的劳动思想精髓,在中国特色社会主义发展中磨砺而成。具有继承性、创新性和时代性等特征。劳模精神、... 详细信息

新时代劳动精神的思想内涵深远且丰富,它以马克思主义劳动观为理论基石,以共产党人长期的劳动实践为发展指向,汲取中华优秀传统文化中的劳动思想精髓,在中国特色社会主义发展中磨砺而成。具有继承性、创新性和时代性等特征。劳模精神、工匠精神是劳动精神向更高层次、更高阶段的发展和跃升。基于此,文章梳理了新时代劳动精神的基本内涵和鲜明特征,并在此基础上探究了其时代价值,旨在弘扬社会主义核心价值观、激发劳动热情并促进人的全面发展。

关键词：新时代劳动精神基本内涵

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Button Cell Ingestion in Infants: A Report of Five Cases

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第8期12卷 199-209页

作者： Mbène Fall Aminata Diop Nakoulima Khadija Fall Alice Ingabiré Goumba Mame Aïta Seck Tagouthie Niang Madawase Mboup Mame Diarra Mbacké Ibrahima Diallo Meissa Ndew Seye Department of Pediatrics Dakar Principal Hospital Dakar Senegal Department of Surgery Dakar Principal Hospital Dakar Senegal Department of Medecine Dakar Principal Hospital Dakar Senegal

Button cell ingestion is a common household accident among infants, often leading to serious complications that require immediate diagnosis and urgent removal. we report five cases of button cell ingestion involving infants aged between 9 and 32 months, including four boys and one girl. The ingestion was accidentally discovered in two infants, while in the other three, it was suspected during play. In three cases, mothers attempted to induce vomiting by giving fluids, but the batteries remained in the digestive tract for 38 hours to 5 days. After confirming the diagnosis, the batteries were removed within 4 to 36 hours. The locations of the cells were the esophagus in two cases, the cardia in one, the stomach in one, and the bowel in one. One case involved a large cell in the esophagus, while the others involved smaller cells. Complications occurred in four cases, including esotracheal fistula, esophageal ulceration, and perforation of the jejunum and caecum. In one case, the digestive mucosa appeared normal upon endoscopy. One patient died.

关键词： Button Cell Domestic Accident Infant

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Ocular Complications in Diabetic Patients: Prevalence, Impact on Quality of Life, and Implications for Healthcare

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第2期14卷 149-158页

作者： Prudence Ada Assoumou Davy Alex Mouinga Abayi Daniella Nsame Annick Kougou Ntoutoume Hélène Nyinko Aboughe Olive Matsanga Tatiana Harly Mba Aki Emmanuel Mve Mengome Owendo University Hospital Center Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Omar Bongo Ondimba Military Instructions Hospital Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Endocrinology Department at the Libreville Hospital Center Department of Internal Medicine at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Jeanne Ebori Foundation Mother and Child University Hospital Center Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon

Introduction: Diabetes, a chronic disease characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, poses a major global health challenge. In Gabon, 10% of the population is affected by this condition, highlighting the need to actively understand and manage it. Ocular complications of diabetes, including diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and cataracts, have a devastating impact on patients quality of life and represent a crucial issue for healthcare systems. Methodology: This study conducted in Libreville from February 9, 2022, to April 15, 2022, was cross-sectional, longitudinal, and descriptive, with prospective data collection. Participants were diabetic patients regularly followed in the endocrinology department of CHUL, who were referred for a comprehensive ophthalmological examination at CHUO. Sampling was exhaustive, with strict inclusion criteria aimed at ensuring the representativeness of the study population. Results: The mean age of participants was 57.5 ± 13.2 years with a male-to-female ratio of 0.8. Personal histories were dominated by hypertension, while family histories were dominated by diabetes. Ocular complications of diabetes included refractive disorders (78.9%), cataracts (31.7%), glaucoma (78.9%), and diabetic retinopathy (13.7%). These ocular complications had a significant impact on participants’ quality of life, leading to impaired vision (78.9%), difficulties in carrying out daily activities (62.2%), the need for caregiver assistance (50.3%), high levels of stress and anxiety (68.9%), regular medication intake (71.4%), adherence to a specific diet (55.9%), and frequent blood glucose monitoring (74.5%). Conclusion: This study highlights the major impact of diabetic ocular complications on patients’ quality of life.

关键词： Ocular Complications Diabetes Quality of Life Prevalence Gabon

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Diabetic Retinopathy: Diagnostic Challenges and Impact of Physical Activity

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第2期14卷 136-142页

Introduction: Diabetes represents a major public health challenge, affecting over 463 million people according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Among its complications, diabetic retinopathy stands out as the leading cause of blindness in industrialized countries. Physical activity is now recognized as a cornerstone of diabetes management, and its impact on diabetic retinopathy is of growing interest. Observation: Mr. A.E, a 54-year-old man, presents with progressive deterioration of his vision. Family history of diabetes and hypertension is noted. He engages in one hour of physical activity daily, including treadmill running and indoor cycling. Despite recent optical correction, his visual acuity remains at 3/10 unimproved. Ocular imaging, notably fluorescein retinal angiography and optical coherence tomography, reveals proliferative diabetic retinopathy with bilateral macular edema. Blood tests, performed after physical activity, show normal values of blood glucose and HbA1c, delaying the initiation of treatment and promoting the progression of retinopathy. Despite appropriate management, no significant improvement in visual function is observed during follow-up. Conclusion: The management of diabetic retinopathy requires an approach integrating physical activity. A better understanding of the interaction between physical activity and diabetic retinopathy is needed to optimize prevention and treatment strategies.

关键词： Diabetes Retina Blood Glucose HbA1c Physical Activity

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EFFECT OF VINYL ACETATE CONTENT ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURES OF POLYPROPYLEne

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2006年第1期24卷 29-34页

作者： Mustafa ksüz Technical Education Faculty Marmara University 34722 GztepeIstanbulTurkey

The effect of vinyl acetate （VA） content in ethylene vinyl acetate （EVA） copolyrner on the mechanical properties of polypropylene was investigated. Three different EVA copolymers with concentrations of 3 wt%, 6 wt%, 9 wt%, 12 wt% and 15 wt%, were blended to polypropylene. The mechanical properties such as yield and tensile strengths, elastic modulus, Izod impact strength, hardness and melt flow index of the blends were investigated. Relationship between type of vinyl acetate and concentrations, mechanical, MFI and morphological properties were explored.

关键词： Compound Mechanical properties Morphology.

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Assessment of the Vaccination Status of Children Aged 6 to 30 Months in a Tertiary Level Health Care Center in Côte d’Ivoire

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第3期14卷 536-546页

作者： Yenan John Patrick Kpangni Jean Bertrand Yao Kouassi Christian Yeboua Yao Kossonou Roland Aka-Tanoh Koko Aude Hélène Avi-Siallou Christelle Honorine Asse Kouadio Vincent Department of Pediatrics University Teaching Hospital of Bouake Bouake Ivory Coast Unit Pediatric Surgery University Teaching Hospital of Bouake Bouake Ivory Coast

Introduction: Vaccination coverage in Côte d’Ivoire over the period 2011 to 2015 was below the target of 95% for all antigens. The objective of this study was to analyze the vaccination status of children aged 6 to 30 months with a view to improving vaccination coverage. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study which took place from June to September 2018 in a tertiary health center, focusing on children aged 6 to 30 months with a correctly completed health record. The parameters studied were sex, age, educational level of mothers, dates of vaccine administration and reason for missed vaccination opportunities. Results: we retained 212 children. The sex ratio was 1.21 and 93% had received the BCG vaccine before the age of 1 month. The average ages of combined and co-administered vaccines for the 1st and 2nd doses were 7.66 ± 3.81 and 12.88 ± 3.95 weeks, respectively. The median was 16.57 weeks for the 3rd dose. The proportion of vaccinated subjects was greater than 90% for the BCG vaccine and the 3 doses of combined vaccines, and 77% for the yellow fever and measles vaccines. The reasons for non-vaccination were attributable to the children’s parents and health facilities. Conclusion: Improving vaccination coverage requires regular supply of vaccines to centers, and the involvement of all health professionals, community and religious leaders in the vaccination awareness process.

关键词： Children Vaccination Coverage Missed Opportunities

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Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Congolese Women in Kinshasa on Breast Cancer

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第8期14卷 1207-1222页

作者： Pierre Joseph Ingala Amasa Ernest Ombha Loshima Arsène Mputu Lobota Guy Lambert Monzango Sibo Malka Salamo Azama Gracia Tambola Wasinga Dieudonné Omatuku Tshofu Fidèle Djamba Okitokonda Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Clinics of Kinshasa Kinshasa DR Congo Public Hospital Group of the South of the Oise Senlis France National Border Hygiene Program of Kinshasa Kinshasa DR Congo

Context: Breast cancer is a high-mortality disease. Early detection has considerably reduced mortality in developed countries. Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Congolese women in Kinshasa on breast cancer, their levels and to identify factors associated with insufficient knowledge, negative attitudes and non-beneficial practices. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with analytical aims, carried out from June 1 to September 30, 2023, in Kinshasa. It involved 1170 female respondents, aged 18 to 65, who agreed to take part in the survey. Data were collected using a pre-established questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 20.0. The study variables were socio-demographics, morbid history, knowledge, attitudes and practices of respondents regarding breast cancer. Statistical measures and tests used were Mean ± standard deviation, median, proportions, logistic regression Backward stepwise and p Results: 60% had insufficient knowledge, 75% had negative attitudes and 80% had non-beneficial practices. The risk factors common to insufficient knowledge, negative attitudes and non-beneficial practices towards breast cancer were low level of education, membership of revivalist or Muslim churches, and primiparity. Conclusion: 60% of Congolese women in Kinshasa have insufficient knowledge about breast cancer, 75% have negative attitudes and 80% have non-beneficial practices, with a positive association between insufficient knowledge and negative attitudes on the one hand, and insufficient knowledge and non-beneficial practices on the other. In this context, increasing the population’s literacy and access to information are essential.

关键词： Knowledge Attitudes Practices Breast Cancer Congolese Woman in Kinshasa

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