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Gully erosion spatial modelling: Role of machine learning algorithms in selection of the best controlling factors and modelling process

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第6期11卷 2207-2219页

作者： Hamid Reza Pourghasemi Nitheshnirmal Sadhasivam Narges Kariminejad adrian l.collins Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering College of AgricultureShiraz UniversityShirazIran Department of Geography School of Earth ScienceBharathidasan UniversityTiruchirappalli620024Tamil NaduIndia Department of Watershed and Arid Zone Management Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesGorganIran Sustainable Agriculture Sciences Rothamsted ResearchNorth WykeOkehamptonDevonEX202SBUK

This investigation assessed the efficacy of 10 widely used machine learning algorithms(MlA)comprising the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(lASSO),generalized linear model(GlM),stepwise generalized linear model(SGlM),elastic net(ENET),partial least square(PlS),ridge regression,support vector machine(SVM),classification and regression trees(CART),bagged CART,and random forest(RF)for gully erosion susceptibility mapping(GESM)in *** location of 462 previously existing gully erosion sites were mapped through widespread field investigations,of which 70%(323)and 30%(139)of observations were arbitrarily divided for algorithm calibration and *** controlling factors for gully erosion,namely,soil texture,annual mean rainfall,digital elevation model(DEM),drainage density,slope,lithology,topographic wetness index(TWI),distance from rivers,aspect,distance from roads,plan curvature,and profile curvature were ranked in terms of their importance using each *** MlA were compared using a training dataset for gully erosion and statistical measures such as RMSE(root mean square error),MAE(mean absolute error),and *** on the comparisons among MlA,the RF algorithm exhibited the minimum RMSE and MAE and the maximum value of R-squared,and was therefore selected as the best *** variable importance evaluation using the RF model revealed that distance from rivers had the highest significance in influencing the occurrence of gully erosion whereas plan curvature had the least *** to the GESM generated using RF,most of the study area is predicted to have a low(53.72%)or moderate(29.65%)susceptibility to gully erosion,whereas only a small area is identified to have a high(12.56%)or very high(4.07%)*** outcome generated by RF model is validated using the ROC(Receiver Operating Characteristics)curve approach,which returned an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.985,proving the excellent forecasting ability of the model

关键词： Machine learning algorithm Gully erosion Random forest Controlling factors Variable importance

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Developing a sustainable strategy to conserve reservoir marginal landscapes

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National Science Review 2018年第1期5卷 10-14页

作者： Qiang Tang Bojie Fu adrian l.collins Anbang Wen Xiubin He Yuhai Bao Key laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences

China has accelerated its pace in building dams to meet growing demands in energy consumption,as well as to alleviate air pollution resulting from fossil fuel emissions and to mitigate global climate change *** rivers in southwestern China(*** Jinsha,Yalong,Dadu,Wu,Nu,lancang and upper Yangtze rivers)have primarily been targeted as major basins for hydropower development,where cascade dams have been constructed or are *** them,the Three Gorges Dam is the world’s largest hydropower project

关键词： Developing a sustainable strategy to conserve reservoir marginal landscapes

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Dry cropland changes in China's Three Gorges Reservoir Region during the period 1990 to 2015

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第3期17卷 516-527页

作者： WANG Ming-feng TIAN Feng-xia HE Xiu-bin Raheel ANJUM BAO Yu-hai adrian lcollins Key laboratory of Mountain Surface Process and Ecological Regulation Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Tourism and Geography Tongren UniversityTongrenGuizhou Province554300China Abdul Wali Khan University MardanPakistan Sustainable Agriculture Sciences Department Rothamsted ResearchNorth WykeOkehamptonDevon EX202SBUK

Monitoring and analyzing changes in the extent of cultivated land may inform strategic decisions on issues of environmental and food *** dry cropland area of 12000 km^2in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region(TGRR)of China is essential for feeding the local population of^20 million,but is highly prone to soil erosion,leading to the delivery of excessive amounts of sediment and associated pollutants to the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR),and causing serious eco-environmental *** this background,this paper used landsat images and a digital elevation model to analyze the altitudinal distribution of,and dynamic changes in,the area of dry cropland during the period 1990 to *** results suggest that dry cropland was mainly distributed in the elevation range of 200-600 *** dry cropland area decreased from 12525.37 km^2to 11796.27 km^2during the 25-year study period,including a particularly significant decrease in the rate of decrease from 6.93 km^2/yr to 43.99 km^2/yr after *** largest decline in the dry cropland area occurred in the elevation range of 600-900 *** transformations between dry cropland and forest revealed the impact of the TGR operation on the extent of dry cropland.A total of 528.79 km^2of dry cropland with slopes>25°were converted to forest after 2000,whereas a total of 642 km^2of forest was converted to dry cropland during the study period,and these conversions mainly occurred between the elevation of 200–900 *** spatiotemporal changes in the dry cropland area are likely to raise new issues concerning food security in the TGRR.

关键词： Dry cropland Altitude Reservoir operation Three Gorges Reservoir Region landuse change Soil erosion

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Increasing the Maximum Capacity Path in a Network and Its Application for Improving the Connection Between Two Routers

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2024年第3期29卷 753-765页

作者： adrian M.Deaconu Javad Tayyebi Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Transilvania University of BrasovBrasov 500036Romania Department of Industrial Engineering Birjand University of TechnologyBirjand 000097Iran

Abstract:This paper addresses the problem of improving the optimal value of the Maximum Capacity Path(MCP)through expansion in a flexible network,and minimizing the involved *** only condition applied to the cost functions is to be non-decreasing *** is a non-restrictive condition,reflecting the reality in practice,and is considered for the first time in the ***,the total cost of expansion is a combination of max-type cost(e.g.,for supervision)and sum-type cost(*** building infrastructures,price of materials,price of labor,etc.).For this purpose,two types of strategies are combined:(l)increasing the capacity of the existing arcs,and(l)adding potential new *** different problems are introduced and *** the problems have immediate applications in Internet routing *** first one is to extend the network,so that the capacity of an McP in the modified network becomes equal to a prescribed value,therefore the cost of modifications is minimized.A strongly polynomial-time algorithm is deduced to solve this *** second problem is a network expansion under a budget constraint,so that the capacity of an McP is maximized.A weakly polynomial-time algorithm is presented to deal with *** the special case when all the costs are linear,a Meggido's parametric search technique is used to develop an algorithm for solving the problem in strongly polynomial *** new approach has a time complexity of O(n^(4)),which is better than the time complexity of O(n4 log(n)of the previously known method from literature.

关键词： Maximum Capacity Path(MCP) network expansion Internet routing polynomial-time algorithms

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Corrosion Investigation by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy of AISI 446 and Ti-Coated AISI 446 Ferritic Stainless Steel as Potential Material for Bipolar Plate in PEMWE

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English letters) 2024年第4期37卷 607-619页

作者： Andrea Kellenberger Nicolae Vaszilcsin Mircea laurentiu Dan Ion Mitelea Alexandru adrian Geana Sigrid lædre Corneliu M.Craciunescu Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Politehnica University TimisoaraPiata Victoriei 2300006TimisoaraRomania Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Politehnica University TimisoaraPiata Victoriei 2300006TimisoaraRomania SINTEF Industry 7465TrondheimNorway

The components of proton exchange membrane water electrolysers frequently experience corrosion issues, especially at high anodic polarization, that restrict the use of more affordable alternatives to titanium. Here, we investigate localized corrosion processes of bare and Ti-coated AISI 446 ferritic stainless steel under anodic polarization by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) in sodium sulphate and potassium chloride solutions. SECM approach curves and area scans measured at open-circuit potential (OCP) of the samples in the feedback mode using a redox mediator evidence a negative feedback effect caused by the surface passive film. For the anodic polarization of the sample, the substrate generation-tip collection mode enables to observe local generation of iron (II) ions, as well as formation of molecular oxygen. For the uncoated AISI 446 sample, localized corrosion is detected in sodium sulphate solution simultaneously with oxygen formation at anodic potentials of 1.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl, whereas significant pitting corrosion is observed even at 0.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl in potassium chloride solution. The Ti-coated AISI 446 sample reveals enhanced corrosion resistance in both test solutions, without any evidence of iron (II) ions generation at anodic potentials of 1.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl, where only oxygen formation is observed.

关键词： Ferritic stainless steel Corrosion Ti coating Scanning electrochemical microscopy(SECM) Magnetron sputtering Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis(PEMWE)

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Unifying concepts in methanogenic,aerobic,and anammox sludge granulation

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第1期17卷 17-30页

作者： Simon Mills Anna Christine Trego Marco Prevedello Jo De Vrieze Vincent O’Flaherty Piet N.l.lens Gavin collins Microbial Communities laboratory School of Biological and Chemical SciencesNational University of Ireland GalwayUniversity RoadGalwayH91 TK33Ireland Microbial Ecology laboratory School of Biological and Chemical Sciences University of GalwayUniversity RoadGalwayH91 TK33Ireland Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology(CMET) Ghent UniversityCoupure Links 653B-9000GentBelgium University of Galway University RoadGalwayH91 TK33Ireland

The retention of dense and well-functioning microbial biomass is crucial for effective pollutant removal in several biological wastewater treatment *** solids retention is often achieved through aggregation of microbial communities into dense,spherical aggregates known as granules,which were initially discovered in the *** granules have since been widely applied in upflow anaerobic digesters for waste-to-energy ***,granular biomass has been applied in aerobic wastewater treatment and anaerobic ammonium oxidation(anammox)*** mechanisms underpinning the formation of methanogenic,aerobic,and anammox granules are the subject of ongoing *** each granule type has been extensively studied in isolation,there has been a lack of comparative studies among these granulation *** is likely that there are some unifying concepts that are shared by all three sludge *** these unifying concepts could allow a unified theory of granulation to be ***,we review the granulation mechanisms of methanogenic,aerobic,and anammox granular sludge,highlighting several common concepts,such as the role of extracellular polymeric substances,cations,and operational parameters like upflow velocity and shear *** have then identified some unique features of each granule type,such as different internal structures,microbial compositions,and quorum sensing ***,we propose that future research should prioritize aspects of microbial ecology,such as community assembly or interspecies interactions in individual granules during their formation and growth.

关键词： Granule Granulation Anaerobic digestion Anammox Aerobic granule

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Generation of millijoule-level sub-5 fs violet laser pulses

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High Power laser Science and Engineering 2024年第2期12卷 33-40页

作者： Xinhua Xie Yi Hung Yunpei Deng adrian l.Cavalieri Andrius Baltuška Steven l.Johnson SwissFEl Paul Scherrer InstituteVilligen PSISwitzerland Photonics Institute Technische Universität WienViennaAustria Institute of Applied Physics University of BernBernSwitzerland Institute for Quantum Electronics Physics DepartmentETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland

We demonstrate the generation,spectral broadening and post-compression of second harmonic pulses using a thin beta barium borate(BBO)crystal on a fused-silica substrate as the nonlinear interaction *** combining second harmonic generation in the BBO crystal with self-phase modulation in the fused-silica substrate,we efficiently generate millijoule-level broadband violet pulses from a single optical *** second harmonic spectrum covers a range from long wave ultraviolet(down to 310 nm)to visible(up to 550 nm)with a bandwidth of 65 ***,we compress the second harmonic beam to a duration of 4.8 fs with a pulse energy of 0.64 mJ(5 fs with a pulse energy of 1.05 mJ)using chirped *** all-solid free-space apparatus is compact,robust and pulse energy scalable,making it highly advantageous for generating intense second harmonic pulses from near-infrared femtosecond lasers in the sub-5 fs regime.

关键词： post-compression second harmonic generation self-phase modulation supercontinuum generation

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The gut microbiome: an orchestrator of xenobiotic metabolism

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2020年第1期10卷 19-32页

作者： Stephanie l.collins Andrew D.Patterson Department of Biochemistry Microbiologyand Molecular Biologythe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science the Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA

Microbes inhabiting the intestinal tract of humans represent a site for xenobiotic *** gut microbiome,the collection of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract,can alter the metabolic outcome of pharmaceuticals,environmental toxicants,and heavy metals,thereby changing their *** chemical modification of xenobiotics by the gut microbiome,either through the intestinal tract or re-entering the gut via enterohepatic circulation,can lead to increased metabolism or bioactivation,depending on the enzymatic activity within the microbial *** enzymes encoded within the microbiome include those that reverse the modifications imparted by host detoxification ***,the microbiome can limit xenobiotic absorption in the small intestine by increasing the expression of cell-cell adhesion proteins,supporting the protective mucosal layer,and/or directly sequestering ***,host gene expression is regulated by the microbiome,including CYP450s,multi-drug resistance proteins,and the transcription factors that regulate *** the microbiome affects the host and pharmacokinetics of the xenobiotic,xenobiotics can also influence the viability and metabolism of the *** understanding of the complex interconnectedness between host,microbiome,and metabolism will advance with new modeling systems,technology development and refinement,and mechanistic studies focused on the contribution of human and microbial metabolism.

关键词： Gut microbiome Xenobiotic metabolism Absorption Gastrointestinal tract Pharmacokinetics Enterohepatic circulation Bioactivation

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Weather influenced nestling growth of an insectivorous but not a granivorous grassland passerine in Argentina

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 156-162页

作者： Martín Alejandro Colombo adrian Jauregui luciano N.Segura laboratorio de Ecología de Aves.Institute“Dr.Raúl A.Ringuelet”(IlPlA)-UNlP/CONICET Boulevard 1201437La PlataB1900Buenos AiresArgentina

Nestling growth of birds can be affected by weather *** general,it is expected that higher temper-atures favor growth by improving food availability and nestling metabolism,while rain hinders it by reducing foraging ***,most of these patterns have been described in insectivorous cavity-nesting birds in temperate *** tested these predictions in two neotropical grassland ground-nesting birds with contrasting nestling diets and therefore potentially different responses to *** measured nestlings of the Hellmayr’s Pipit(Anthus hellmayri,an insectivorous passerine)and the Grassland Yellow-Finch(Sicalis luteola,which feeds its nestlings exclusively with seeds)during three breeding seasons(2017-2020)in central-eastern *** took measurements of tarsus and body mass,modeled growth curves using nonlinear mixed-effects models,and evaluated the effects of minimum daily temperature and precipitation during the growth period and the 30 days prior to *** pipits(60 nestlings from 21 nests),minimum temperatures during the growth period were positively associated with tarsus and body mass ***,there was a positive association between precipitation during the pre-hatching period and tarsus ***,none of the weather variables analyzed had significant effects on nestling growth of finches(131 nestlings from 35 nests).Dietary contrast between species may explain the different *** activity and abundance can be affected by weather variations within the span of a breeding season,whereas seeds may depend on conditions from previous years,making the effects harder to *** with reduced asymptotic size can have reduced chances of ***,pipit populations could be impacted if they experience cold and dry conditions during their breeding season,which is of major relevance in the current context of climate change.

关键词： Finches Grassland birds Neotropical birds Pipits Precipitation Temperature

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Advanced wind turbine blade inspection with hyperspectral imaging and 3D convolutional neural networks for damage detection

Energy and AI

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Energy and AI 2024年第2期16卷 528-537页

作者： Patrick Rizk Frederic Rizk Sasan Sattarpanah Karganroudi adrian Ilinca Rafic Younes Jihan Khoder Department of Mechanical Engineering Universitédu QuébecàTrois-RivièresDrummondvilleQCCanada Centre national intégrédu manufacturier intelligent(CNIMI) Universitédu QuébecàTrois-RivièresDrummondvilleQCCanada Department of Mathematics Computer Science and EngineeringUniversitédu QuébecàRimouski300 allée des UrsulinesRimouskiQCG5L3A1Canada The Center for Advanced Computer Studies University of Louisiana at LafayetteLafayetteLAUSA T3E Industrial Research Group Mechanical Engineering DepartmentÉcole de Technologie Supérieure1100 Notre-Dame St WMontréalQC H3C 1K3Canada Faculty of Engineering Third BranchLebanese UniversityHadathBeirutLebanon lISV laboratory University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines10-12 Avenue de l'Europe78140VélizyFrance

In the context of global efforts to mitigate climate change by pursuing sustainable energy sources, wind energy has emerged as a critical contributor. However, the wind energy industry faces substantial challenges in maintaining and preserving the integrity of wind turbine blades. Timely and accurate detection and classification of blade faults, encompassing issues such as cracks, erosion, and ice buildup, are imperative to uphold wind turbines' ongoing efficiency and safety. This study introduces an inventive approach that amalgamates hyperspectral imaging and 3D Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to augment the precision and efficiency of wind turbine blade fault detection and classification. Hyperspectral imaging is harnessed to capture comprehensive spectral information from blade surfaces, facilitating exact fault identification. The process is streamlined through Incremental Principal Component Analysis (IPCA), reducing data dimensions while maintaining integrity. The 3D CNN model demonstrates remarkable performance, achieving high accuracy in detecting all fault categories in full-band hyperspectral images. The model retains high accuracy even with dimensionality reduction to 20 spectral bands. The reduced processing time of the 20-band image enhances the practicality of real-world applications, thereby reducing downtime and maintenance expenditures. This research represents a significant advancement in wind turbine blade inspection, contributing to the sustainability and dependability of wind energy systems and furthering the cause of a cleaner and more sustainable energy future as part of the broader fight against climate change.

关键词： blade thereby turbine

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