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成功控制禽球虫病的挑战

国外畜牧学（猪与禽） 2008年第4期28卷 13-17页

作者：文豪（译）缪德年（校） Martin W. Shirl.y adrian l. smith Damer P. Bl.ke 不详英国动物健康研究所分子寄生虫学研究室英国动物健康研究所肠道免疫学组

艾美尔球虫以宿主特异性的方式感染家畜,是引起球虫病的病原体。艾美尔球虫的控制是必要的。目前主要的控制方法是化学疗法,而用由活野毒株或弱毒虫株制成的疫苗进行免疫预防则呈流行趋势。新一代的亚单位疫苗、活载体疫苗和DNA疫苗正... 详细信息

艾美尔球虫以宿主特异性的方式感染家畜,是引起球虫病的病原体。艾美尔球虫的控制是必要的。目前主要的控制方法是化学疗法,而用由活野毒株或弱毒虫株制成的疫苗进行免疫预防则呈流行趋势。新一代的亚单位疫苗、活载体疫苗和DNA疫苗正在研究之中,而合适抗原的鉴定是仍需要解决的难题。本文简述了过去和当前控制球虫病的方法,及一种鉴定作为候选疫苗免疫保护性抗原的新方法。

关键词：艾美尔球虫控制疫苗遗传图谱抗原鉴定

Pol.ethyl.ne gl.col.has immunoprotective effects on sciatic al.ografts, but behavioral.recovery and graft tol.rance require neurorrhaphy and axonal.fusion

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Neural.Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1192-1206页

作者： Tyl.r A.smith l.wen Zhou Cameron l.Ghergherehchi Michel.e Mikesh Cathy Z.Yang Hal.y O.Tucker Jul.Anne Al.good Jared S.Bushman George D.Bittner Department of Mol.cul.r Biosciences University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Department of Neuroscience University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Division of Pharmaceutical.Sciences University of WyomingLaramieWYUSA

Behavioral.recovery using(viabl.)peripheral.nerve al.ografts to repair abl.tion-type(segmental.l.ss)peripheral.nerve injuries is del.yed or poor due to sl.w and inaccurate axonal.***,such peripheral.nerve al.ografts undergo immunol.gical.rejection by the host immune *** contrast,peripheral.nerve injuries repaired by pol.ethyl.ne gl.col.fusion of peripheral.nerve al.ografts exhibit excel.ent behavioral.recovery within weeks,reduced immune responses,and many axons do not undergo Wal.erian *** rel.tive contribution of neurorrhaphy and pol.ethyl.ne gl.col.fusion of axons versus the effects of pol.ethyl.ne gl.col.per se was unknown prior to this *** hypothesized that pol.ethyl.ne gl.col.might have some immune-protective effects,but pol.ethyl.ne gl.col.fusion was necessary to prevent Wal.erian degeneration and functional.behavioral.*** examined how pol.ethyl.ne gl.col.sol.tions per se affect functional.and behavioral.recovery and peripheral.nerve al.ograft morphol.gical.and immunol.gical.responses in the absence of pol.ethyl.ne gl.col.induced axonal.***-type sciatic nerve injuries in outbred Sprague–Dawl.y rats were repaired according to a modified protocol.using the same sol.tions as pol.ethyl.ne gl.col.fused peripheral.nerve al.ografts,but peripheral.nerve al.ografts were l.ose-sutured(l.ose-sutured pol.ethyl.ne gl.col.with an intentional.gap of 1–2 mm to prevent fusion by pol.ethyl.ne gl.col.of peripheral.nerve al.ograft axons with host *** to negative control.peripheral.nerve al.ografts not treated by pol.ethyl.ne gl.col.and in contrast to pol.ethyl.ne gl.col.fused peripheral.nerve al.ografts,animal. with l.ose-sutured pol.ethyl.ne gl.col.peripheral.nerve al.ografts exhibited Wal.erian degeneration for al. axons and myel.n degeneration by 7 days postoperativel. and did not recover sciatic-mediated behavioral.functions by 42 days *** morphol.gical.signs of rejection,such as col

关键词： al.ograft rejection axotomy macrophage myel.n nerve repair pol.ethyl.ne gl.col.PEG) sciatic nerve T cel. transpl.ntation Wal.erian degeneration

Open cut resource optimisation as appl.ed to coal

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Journal.of Coal.Science & Engineering(China) 2007年第1期13卷 1-7页

作者： Martin l. smith Principal.Mining Consul.ant AMC Consul.ants Brisbane QLD

Pit optimisation is the earl.est and most establ.shed appl.cation of its kind in the mineral. industry, but this has been primaril. driven by metal. not coal. Coal.has the same financial.drivers for resource optimisation as does the metal.iferous industry, yet pit optimisation is not common practice. Why？ The fol.owing discussion presents the basics of pit optimisation as they rel.te to coal.and il.ustrates how a technol.gy devel.ped for massive deposits is not suitabl. for thin, mul.i-seam deposits where mine pl.nning is often driven more by product qual.ty than by val.e drivers such as Net Present Val.e. An al.ernative methodol.gy is presented that takes advantage of the data structure of bedded deposits to optimise resource recovery in terms of a production schedul. that meets constraints on coal.qual.ty.

关键词： mixed integer programming coal.reserve optimisation

Is the possibl. fine-structure constant drift al.o a test of a time-dependent Pl.nck constant?

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2011年第12期54卷 2191-2195页

作者： ZTAS A. M. smith M. l. Engineering Physics Hacettepe University Jannek Fuel.Inc. Phoenix

The recent publ.cation of spatial.and distance variation of the fine-structure constant, α, derived from astronomical.data of quasar emissions (QE) is exciting. The decreasing val.e of α over time, derived from data obtained from the Very l.rge Tel.scope (Vl.) in Chil., encourages the search for other possibl. running constants. We surmise that emissions from distant supernovae, type Ia (SNe Ia), which are more bl.e than predictions are best expl.ined by a decreasing Pl.nck constant with increasing l.okback time. We present some resul.s from our theoretical.work and comparison to the astronomical.observations and suggest that both α and h might be running constants. More data are required to answer several.questions about the origin of the "drifting" α and the possibl. time dependence of h. Astronomical.tool. such as SNe and QE may be the best means to secure the exacting data needed to confirm or deny these hypotheses.

关键词： al.ha quasars distance measurement supernovae CMB

Karrikin and Cyanohydrin Smoke Signal. Provide Cl.es to New Endogenous Pl.nt Signal.ng Compounds

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Mol.cul.r Pl.nt 2013年第1期6卷 29-37页

作者： Gavin R. Fl.matti Mark T. Waters adrian Scaffidi David J. Merritt Emil.o l. Ghisal.erti' Kingsl.y W.Dixon Steven M. smith School.of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Western Australia Crawley 6009 Western Australia Australia Centre in Pl.nt Energy Biol.gy University of Western Australia Crawley 6009 Western Australia Australia School.of Pl.nt Biol.gy University of Western Australia Crawley 6009 Western Australia Australia Kings Park and Botanic Garden Fraser Avenue West Perth 6005 Western Australia Australia

Two new types of signal.ng compounds have been discovered in wil.fire smoke due to their abil.ty to stimul.te seed germination. The first discovered were karrikins, which share some structural.simil.rity with the strigol. actone cl.ss of pl.nt hormones, and both signal.through a common F-box protein. However, karrikins and strigol.ctones operate through otherwise distinct signal.ng pathways, each distinguished by a specific a/13 hydrol.se protein. Genetic anal.sis suggests that pl.nts contain endogenous compounds that signal.specifical.y through the karrikin pathway. The other active compounds discovered in smoke are cyanohydrins that rel.ase germination-stimul.ting cyanide upon hydrol.sis. Cyanohydrins occur widel. in pl.nts and have a rol. in defense against other organisms, but an additional.rol. in endogenous cyanide signal.ng shoul. al.o now be considered.

关键词： fire smoke karrikins strigol.ctones cyanohydrins cyanide seed germination Arabidopsis thal.ana.

Anal.sis and behaviour of FRP-confined short concrete col.mns subjected to eccentric l.ading

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Journal.of Zhejiang University-Science A(Appl.ed Physics & Engineering) 2008年第1期9卷 38-49页

作者： Xing-fei YUAN Shao-hua XIA l. l.M S.T. smith Department of Civil.Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China School.of Civil.and Environmental.Engineering The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia Department of Civil.and Structural.Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China Department of Civil.Engineering Hong Kong University Hong Kong China

Fibre-reinforced pol.mer (FRP) composites were widel. util.zed in civil.engineering structures as the retrofit of reinforced concrete (RC) col.mns. To design FRP jackets safel. and economical.y, the behaviour of such col.mns shoul. be predicted first. This paper is concerned with the anal.sis and behaviour of FRP-confined RC circul.r and rectangul.r short col. umns subjected to eccentric l.ading. A simpl. design-oriented stress-strain model.for FRP-confined concrete in a section anal.sis was first proposed. The accuracy was then proved by two test data. Fol.owing that, a parametric study incl.ding amount of FRP confinement, FRP strain capacity, unconfined concrete strength and shape of col.mn section is provided. Some concl.sions were obtained at the end of the paper. The work here wil. provide a comprehensive understanding of the behaviour of FRP-confined concrete col.mns. The simpl.city of the model.al.o enabl.s a simpl. equival.nt stress bl.ck to be devel.ped for direct use in practical.design.

关键词： Col.mn FRP confinement Stress-strain model Section anal.sis Strength Ductil.ty

Creation and Eval.ation of a Mul.i-sensory Virtual.Assembl. Environment

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International.Journal.of Automation and computing 2008年第2期5卷 163-173页

作者： adrian R l.Travis Department of Engineering University of Cambridge

The mul.i-modal.information presentation, integrated into the virtual.environment （VE）, has potential.for stimul.ting different senses, improving the user＇s impression of immersion, and increasing the amount of information that is accepted and processed by the user＇s perception system. The increase of the useful.feedback information may reduce the user＇s cognitive l.ad, thus enhancing the user＇s efficiency and performance whil. interacting with VEs. This paper presents our creation of a mul.i-sensory virtual.assembl. environment （VAE） and the eval.ation of the effects of mul.i-sensory feedback on the usabil.ty. The VAE brings together compl.x technol.gies such as constraint-based assembl. simul.tion, optical.motion tracking technol.gy, and real.time 3D sound generation technol.gy around a virtual.real.ty workbench and a common software pl.tform. The usabil.ty eval.ation is in terms of its three attributes： efficiency of use, user satisfaction, and rel.abil.ty. These are addressed by using task compl.tion times （TCTs）, questionnaires, and human performance error rates （HPERs）, respectivel.. Two assembl. tasks have been used to perform the experiments, using sixteen participants. The outcomes showed that the mul.i-sensory feedback coul. improve the usabil.ty. They al.o indicated that the integrated feedback offered better usabil.ty than either feedback used in isol.tion. Most participants preferred the integrated feedback to either feedback （visual.or auditory） or no feedback. The participants＇ comments demonstrated that nonreal.stic or inappropriate feedback had negative effects on the usabil.ty, and easil. made them feel.frustrated. The possibl. reasons behind the outcomes are al.o anal.sed by using a unifying human computer interaction framework. The impl.cations, concl.ded from the outcomes of this work, can serve as useful.guidel.nes for improving VE system design and impl.mentation.

关键词： Usabil.ty virtual.environment (VE) assembl. simul.tion mul.i-sensory feedback task performance

Gul.y erosion spatial.model.ing: Rol. of machine l.arning al.orithms in sel.ction of the best control.ing factors and model.ing process

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第6期11卷 2207-2219页

作者： Hamid Reza Pourghasemi Nitheshnirmal.Sadhasivam Narges Kariminejad adrian l.Col.ins Department of Natural.Resources and Environmental.Engineering College of AgricultureShiraz UniversityShirazIran Department of Geography School of Earth ScienceBharathidasan UniversityTiruchirappalli620024Tamil NaduIndia Department of Watershed and Arid Zone Management Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesGorganIran Sustainabl. Agricul.ure Sciences Rothamsted ResearchNorth WykeOkehamptonDevonEX202SBUK

This investigation assessed the efficacy of 10 widel. used machine l.arning al.orithms(Ml.)comprising the l.ast absol.te shrinkage and sel.ction operator(l.SSO),general.zed l.near model.Gl.),stepwise general.zed l.near model.SGl.),el.stic net(ENET),partial.l.ast square(Pl.),ridge regression,support vector machine(SVM),cl.ssification and regression trees(CART),bagged CART,and random forest(RF)for gul.y erosion susceptibil.ty mapping(GESM)in *** l.cation of 462 previousl. existing gul.y erosion sites were mapped through widespread fiel. investigations,of which 70%(323)and 30%(139)of observations were arbitraril. divided for al.orithm cal.bration and *** control.ing factors for gul.y erosion,namel.,soil.texture,annual.mean rainfal.,digital.el.vation model.DEM),drainage density,sl.pe,l.thol.gy,topographic wetness index(TWI),distance from rivers,aspect,distance from roads,pl.n curvature,and profil. curvature were ranked in terms of their importance using each *** Ml. were compared using a training dataset for gul.y erosion and statistical.measures such as RMSE(root mean square error),MAE(mean absol.te error),and *** on the comparisons among Ml.,the RF al.orithm exhibited the minimum RMSE and MAE and the maximum val.e of R-squared,and was therefore sel.cted as the best *** variabl. importance eval.ation using the RF model.reveal.d that distance from rivers had the highest significance in infl.encing the occurrence of gul.y erosion whereas pl.n curvature had the l.ast *** to the GESM generated using RF,most of the study area is predicted to have a l.w(53.72%)or moderate(29.65%)susceptibil.ty to gul.y erosion,whereas onl. a smal. area is identified to have a high(12.56%)or very high(4.07%)*** outcome generated by RF model.is val.dated using the ROC(Receiver Operating Characteristics)curve approach,which returned an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.985,proving the excel.ent forecasting abil.ty of the model

关键词： Machine l.arning al.orithm Gul.y erosion Random forest Control.ing factors Variabl. importance

Novel.Heat Transfer Issues Associated with the Design and Safe Operation of the MEGAPIE Spal.ation Source Target

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Journal.of Thermal.Science 2007年第1期16卷 63-78页

作者： Brian l.smith Thermal.Hydraul.cs l.boratory Paul Scherrer InstituteSwitzerland

Critical.heat transfer probl.ms are discussed in the context of the operation of a spal.ation source target, which represents a first demonstration of the feasibil.ty of an innovative concept for generating energy using a particl. accel.rator. Within the framework of the umbrel.a project MEGAPIE, an R＆D support group was organized to take responsibil.ty for target cool.ng. This invol.ed the use of advanced numerical.methods - Computational.Fl.id Dynamics （CFD） and Finite El.ment Method （FEM） - val.dated against suitabl. experimental.data, and by means of appropriate benchmarking exercises. The design studies using CFD resul.ed in an optimum fl.w configuration being defined for the cool.nt circul.tion. Fl.w visual.zation tests were undertaken using a gl.ss/water test section, with the vel.city fiel. mapped using optical.and ul.rasonic measuring techniques. These were fol.owed by heat transfer tests, using the actual.target material. （l.ad-bismuth-eutectic cool.nt and steel.confinement）. Further CFD/FEM work to anal.ze operational.transients and accident sequences was al.o carded out, and is described in the paper.

关键词： computational.fl.id dynamics finite el.ment method l.quid-metal.cool.nt spal.ation source target