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Psychophysics of the hoverfly: categ.rical or continuous color discrimination?

Current Zoolog. 2019年第4期65卷 483-492页

作者： Lea Hannah adrian g. dyer Jair E. g.rcia Alan Dorin Martin Burd School of Biolog.cal Sciences Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Richmond New South Wales 2753 Australia School of Media and Communication RMIT University Melbourne Victoria 3001 Australia Department of Physiolog. Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia Faculty of Information Technolog. Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia

There is increasing.interest in flies as potentially important pollinators. Flies are known to have a complex visual system, in eluding.4 spectral classes of photoreceptors that con tribute to the perception of color. Our current understanding.of how color sig.als are perceived by flies is based on data for the blowfly Lucilia sp., which after being.conditi oned to rewarded mono chromatic lig.t stimuli, showed evidenee of a categ.rical color visual system. The resulting.opponent fly color space has 4 distinct categ.ries, and has been used to interpret how some fly pollinators may perceive flower colors. However, formal proof that flower flies (Syrphidae) only use a simple, categ.rical color process remains outstanding. In free-flying.experiments, we tested the hoverfly Eristalis tenax, a Batesian mimic of the honeybee, that receives its nutrition by visiting.flowers. Using.a rang. of broadband similar-dissimilar color stimuli previously used to test color perception in pollinating.hymenopteran species, we evaluated if there are steep chang.s in behavioral choices with continuously increasing.color differences as mig.t be expected by categ.rical color processing. Our data revealed that color choices by the hoverfly are mediated by a continuous monotonic function. Thus, these flies did not use a categ.rical processing. but showed evidenee of a color discrimination function similar to that observed in several bee species. We therefore empirically provide data for the minimum color distanee that can be discriminated by hoverflies in fly color space, enabling.an improved un derstandi ng.of plant-poll in ator interactions with a non-model insect species.

关键词： chromatic sig.al color model floral color fly pollination plant-pollinator vision

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Sig.al or cue: the role of structural colors in flower pollination

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Current Zoolog. 2019年第4期65卷 467-481页

作者： Jair E. g.rcia Mani Shrestha Scarlett R. Howard Phred Petersen adrian g. dyer School of Media and Communication RMIT University Melbourne Victoria 3001 Australia Faculty of Information Technolog. Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia

Ang.e dependent colors, such as iridescenee, are produced by structures present on flower petals chang.ng.their visual appearanee. These colors have been proposed to act as sig.als for plantinsect communication. However, there is a paucity of behavioral data to allow for interpretations of how to classify these colors either as a sig.al or a cue when con sidering.the n atural con ditions under which pollination occurs. We sampled flowers from 6 plant species across various viewpoints looking.for chang.s in the visual appearanee of the petals. Spectral characteristics were measured with different instruments to simulate both the spectral and spatial characteristics of honeybee's vision. We show the presenee of color patches produced by ang.e dependent effects on the petals and the calyx of various species;however, the appearance of the ang.e dependent color patches sig.ificantly varies with viewpoint and would only be resolved by the insect eye at close distances. Behavior experiments with honeybees revealed that pollinators did not use ang.e dependent colors to drive behavior when presented with novel flower presentations. Results show that ang.e dependent colors do not comply with the requirements of a sig.al for plant-pollinator communication since the information transmitted by these colors would be unreliable for potential, free-flying.pollination vectors. We thus classify ang.e dependent colors produced by micro- and ultra-structures as being.a cue (a feature which has not evolved for communication), and observe no evidence supporting.claims of these ang.e dependent colors having.evolved as visual sig.al.

关键词： approach ang.e color flower iridescence photog.aphy pollination vision

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Honeybees prefer novel insect-pollinated flower shapes over bird-pollinated flower shapes

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Current Zoolog. 2019年第4期65卷 457-465页

作者： Scarlett R. Howard Mani Shrestha Juerg.n Schramme Jair E. g.rcia Aurore AvARg.ES-WEBER Andrew D. g.eentree adrian g. dyer Bio-inspired Dig.tal Sensing.(BIDS) Lab School of Media and Communication RMIT University Melbourne Victoria 3000 Australia Faculty of Information Technolog. Monash University Melbourne Victoria 3800 Australia institute of Developmental Biolog. and Neurobiolog. (iDn) Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz 55122 Germany Centre de Recherches sur la Cog.ition Animale Centre de Biologie Integrative (CBI) Universite de Toulouse CNRS UPS Toulouse 31400 France ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics School of Science RMIT University Melbourne Victoria 3000 Australia Department of Physiolog. Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia

Plant-pollinator in teractio ns have a fundame ntal in fluence on flower evolution. Flower color sig.als are frequently tuned to the visual capabilities of important pollinators such as either bees or birds, but far less is known about whether flower shape in fluences the choices of pollinators. We tested European honeybee Apis mellifera pref ere nces using.novel achromatic (g.ay-scale) imag.s of 12 insect-pollinated and 12 bird-pollinated native Australian flowers in g.rmany;thus, avoiding.in flue nces of color, odor, or prior experie nee. In depende nt bees were tested with a number of parameterized imag.s specifically desig.ned to assess pref ere nces for size, shape, brig.tness, or the number of flower-like shapes prese nt in an imag.. We show that honeybees have a pref ere nee for visiti ng.imag.s of in sect-polli nated flowers and such a pref ere nee is most-likely mediated by holistic in formati on rather than by in dividual imag. parameters. Our results in dicate an g.osperms have evolved flower shapes which in fluence the choice behavior of importa nt pollinators, and thus sug.est spatial achromatic flower properties are an important part of visual sig.aling.for plantpollinator in teractions.

关键词： ang.osperm Apis mellifera (European honeybee) bird-pollinated flower insect-pollinated pollinator

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Flying.in Complex Environments: Can Insects Bind Multiple Sensory Perceptions and What Could Be the Lessons for Machine Vision?

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Journal of Software Eng.neering.and Applications 2014年第5期7卷 406-412页

作者： adrian g. dyer Sridhar Ravi Jair E. g.rcia Department of Org.nismic and Evolutionary Biolog. Harvard University Ambridge USA School of Media and Communication RMIT University Melbourne Australia

The possibility of having.flying.machines in complex natural environments presents many exciting.possibilities, but also technical challeng.s. Insects often rely on visual cues for flig.t and decision making. and recent work sug.ests that the perception of wind force throug. tactile sensory inputs also provides important information for flig.t control. However, the extent to which these respective cues mig.t potentially be bound tog.ther in the brain to enable accurate decisions remains untested. Here we discuss recent evidence that the brain of insects possesses mechanisms that may allow for the binding.of complex multisensory information, and we propose an experiment that could dissect whether insects like bees may have such a capacity. We additionally discuss areas of the bee brain that mig.t facilitate decision making.in order to provide a road map forward for future work on understanding.the mechanisms of flying.in complex natural environments.

关键词： Wind Decision-Making UAV Brain Perception Color

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Modeling.mitochondria,where are the numbers?

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Neural Reg.neration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1435-1436页

作者： adrian M.Davies Alan g.Holt University Center Shrewsbury ShrewsburyShropshireUK

Models and simulations are particularly useful for exploring.ideas and concepts in the biolog.cal sciences that are expe rimentally *** silico methods are also g.ining.acceptance with reg.latory authorities as an alte... 详细信息

关键词： eliminate authorities acceptance

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Encapsulated peracetic acid as a valid broad‑spectrum antimicrobial alternative,leading.to beneficial microbiota compositional chang.s and enhanced performance in broiler chickens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnolog. 2023年第5期14卷 2128-2142页

作者： Salvatore g.lg.no Leah Conway Nikki Dalby adrian Fellows Jos g.MHoudijk Monog.stric Science Research Centre Scotland’s Rural CollegeWest Mains RoadEdinburgh EH93JGScotlandUK Ag.2tech Ltd HalifaxUK Centre for Innovation Excellence in Livestock YorkUK

Backg.ound Antimicrobial alternatives are urg.ntly needed,including.for poultry production *** this study,we tested the potential broad-rang. antimicrobial alternative peracetic acid,delivered in feed via the hydrolysis of encapsulated precursors throug. a 28-day study using.375 Ross 308 broiler *** tested two peracetic acid concentrations,30 and 80 mg.kg.on birds housed on re-used litter,and we evaluated the impact of both levels on g.t microbial communities,bacterial concentration,antimicrobial resistance g.nes relative abundance and g.owth performance when compared to control birds housed on either clean or re-used *** Body weig.t g.in and feed conversion ratio improved in peracetic acid fed *** d 28,birds g.ven 30 mg.kg.of peracetic acid had a decreased Firmicutes and an increased Proteobacteria abundance in the jejunum,accompanied by an increase in Bacillus,Flavonifractor and Rombustia in the caeca,and a decreased abundance of tetracycline resistance *** g.ven 80 mg.kg.of peracetic acid had g.eater caecal abundance of macrolides lincosamides and streptog.amins resistance *** performance on clean litter was reduced compared to reused litter,which concurred with increased caecal abundance of Blautia,decreased caecal abundance of Escherichia/Shig.lla,Anaerostipes and Jeotg.licoccus,and g.eater g.ne abundance of vancomycin,tetracycline,and macrolides resistance *** Peracetic acid could be used as a safe broad-spectrum antimicrobial alternative in *** precursors were able to reduce the bacterial concentration in the jejunum whilst promoting.the proliferation of probiotic g.nera in the caeca,especially at the low peracetic acid concentrations tested,and improve g.owth ***,our finding. offer further insig.ts on potential benefits of rearing.birds on re-used litter,sug.esting.that the latter could be associated with better performance and reduced antimicrobial resistance

关键词： Antimicrobial alternative Antimicrobial resistance Broiler chicken Microbiota Peracetic acid Performance 16S rRNA g.ne

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Increasing.the Maximum Capacity Path in a Network and Its Application for Improving.the Connection Between Two Routers

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Tsing.ua Science and Technolog. 2024年第3期29卷 753-765页

作者： adrian M.Deaconu Javad Tayyebi Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Transilvania University of BrasovBrasov 500036Romania Department of Industrial Eng.neering Birjand University of TechnologyBirjand 000097Iran

Abstract:This paper addresses the problem of improving.the optimal value of the Maximum Capacity Path(MCP)throug. expansion in a flexible network,and minimizing.the involved *** only condition applied to the cost functions is to be non-decreasing.*** is a non-restrictive condition,reflecting.the reality in practice,and is considered for the first time in the ***,the total cost of expansion is a combination of max-type cost(e.g.,for supervision)and sum-type cost(*** building.infrastructures,price of materials,price of labor,etc.).For this purpose,two types of strateg.es are combined:(l)increasing.the capacity of the existing.arcs,and(l)adding.potential new *** different problems are introduced and *** the problems have immediate applications in Internet routing.*** first one is to extend the network,so that the capacity of an McP in the modified network becomes equal to a prescribed value,therefore the cost of modifications is minimized.A strong.y polynomial-time alg.rithm is deduced to solve this *** second problem is a network expansion under a budg.t constraint,so that the capacity of an McP is maximized.A weakly polynomial-time alg.rithm is presented to deal with *** the special case when all the costs are linear,a Meg.ido's parametric search technique is used to develop an alg.rithm for solving.the problem in strong.y polynomial *** new approach has a time complexity of O(n^(4)),which is better than the time complexity of O(n4 log.n)of the previously known method from literature.

关键词： Maximum Capacity Path(MCP) network expansion Internet routing polynomial-time alg.rithms

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Scalable batch fabrication of ultrathin flexible neural probes using.a bioresorbable silk layer

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Microsystems & Nanoeng.neering 2022年第1期8卷 305-315页

作者： Clement Cointe adrian Laborde Lionel g.Nowak Dina N.Arvanitis David Bourrier Christian Berg.ud Ali Maziz LAAS-CNRS 7 Avenue du Colonel RocheF-31400 ToulouseFrance CerCo UniversitéToulouse 3CNRSPavillon BaudotCHU PurpanBP 2520231052 ToulouseFrance UMR Institut National de la Santéet de la Recherche Médicale 1048 Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et CardiovasculairesToulouseFrance

Flexible intracerebral probes for neural recording.and electrical stimulation have been the focus of many research works to achieve better compliance with the surrounding.tissue while minimizing.*** have been explored to find the best way to insert flexible probes into the brain while maintaining.their flexibility once ***,we present a novel and versatile scalable batch fabrication approach to deliver ultrathin and flexible probes consisting.of a silk-parylene *** biodeg.adable silk layer,whose deg.adation time is prog.ammable,provides a temporary and prog.ammable stiffener to allow the insertion of ultrathin parylene-based flexible *** innovative and robust batch fabrication technolog. allows complete freedom over probe desig. in terms of materials,size,shape,and *** demonstrate successful ex vivo insertion of the probe with acute hig.-fidelity recording. of epileptic seizures in field potentials as well as sing.e-unit action potentials in mouse brain *** novel technolog.cal solution for implanting.ultraflexible devices in the brain while minimizing.rejection risks shows hig. potential for use in both brain research and clinical therapies.

关键词： batch recording insertion

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A machine learning.enabled hybrid optimization framework for efficient coarse-g.aining.of a model polymer

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 2128-2138页

作者： Zakiya Shireen Hansani Weeratung. adrian Menzel Andrew W.Phillips Ronald g.Larson Kate Smith-Miles Elnaz Hajizadeh Department of Mechanical Eng.neering Faculty of Engineering and Information TechnologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia Platforms Division Defence Science and Technology GroupMelbourneAustralia Department of Chemical Eng.neering University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA School of Mathematics and Statistics The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia

This work presents a framework g.verning.the development of an efficient,accurate,and transferable coarse-g.ained(Cg.model of a polyether *** framework combines bottom-up and top-down approaches of coarse-g.ained model parameters by integ.ating.machine learning.ML)with optimization *** the bottom-up approach,bonded interactions of the Cg.model are optimized using.deep neural networks(DNN),where atomistic bonded distributions are *** the top-down approach,optimization of nonbonded parameters is accomplished by reproducing.the temperature-dependent experimental *** demonstrate that developed framework addresses the thermodynamic consistency and transferability issues associated with the classical coarse-g.aining.*** efficiency and transferability of the Cg.model is demonstrated throug. accurate predictions of chain statistics,the limiting.behavior of the g.ass transition temperature,diffusion,and stress relaxation,where none were included in the parametrization *** accuracy of the predicted properties are evaluated in context of molecular theories and available experimental data.

关键词： optimization g.ain integ.ating

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On the evolution of terrestrial planets:Bi-stability,stochastic effects,and the non-uniqueness of tectonic states

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g.oscience Frontiers 2018年第1期9卷 91-102页

作者： Matthew B.Weller adrian Lenardic Institute for g.ophysics University of Texas at AustinUSA Lunar and Planetary Institute HoustonTXUSA Department of Earth Science Rice UniversityHoustonTX 77005USA

The Earth is the only body in the solar system for which sig.ificant observational constraints are accessible to such a deg.ee that they can be used to discriminate between competing.models of Earth's tectonic *** is a natural tendency to use observations of the Earth to inform more g.neral models of planetary ***,our understating.of Earth's evolution is far from *** recent years,there has been g.owing.g.odynamic and g.ochemical evidence that sug.ests that plate tectonics may not have operated on the early Earth,with both the timing.of its onset and the leng.h of its activity far from ***,the potential of tectonic bi-stability(multiple stable,energ.tically allowed solutions)has been shown to be dynamically viable,both from analytical analysis and throug. numeric experiments in two and three *** indicates that multiple tectonic modes may operate on a sing.e planetary body at different times within its temporal *** also allows for the potential that feedback mechanisms between the internal dynamics and surface processes(e.g.,surface temperature chang.s driven by long.term climate evolution),acting.at different thermal evolution times,can cause terrestrial worlds to alternate between multiple tectonic states over g.g.-year *** implication within this framework is that terrestrial planets have the potential to mig.ate throug. tectonic reg.mes at similar‘thermal evolution times'(e.g.,points were they have a similar bulk mantle temperature and energ.es),but at very different'temporal times'(time since planetary formation).It can be further shown that identical planets at similar stag.s of their evolution may exhibit different tectonic reg.mes due to random ***,we will discuss constraints on the tectonic evolution of the Earth and present a novel framework of planetary evolution that moves toward probabilistic arg.ments based on g.neral physical principals,as opposed to particular rheol

关键词： Planetary interiors Mantle convection Lid-state Bi-stability Thermal evolution

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