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Sickle Cell Disease in the Zinder Region in 2023: Prevalence and Sociodemographic Factors

Open Journal of Blood Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 1-7页

作者： Brah Moustapha Maman Amadou Djibrilla-Almoustapha Moustapha Elhadji-Chefou Illa Hamidine moussa Diongolé Hassane Badé Malam-Abdou Department of Medicine Université André Salifou de Zinder Zinder Niger Department of Medicine H&#244pital National de Zinder Zinder Niger Department of Medicine Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey Niamey Niger Department of Medicine Université Dan Dicko Dan Koulodo de Maradi Maradi Niger

Introduction: In view of the number of sickle cell patients and due to a low production of descriptive studies, we decided to determine the prevalence of genes S and C of the disease in the Zinder region. The objective was to contribute to improving the management of sickle cell disease in Zinder. Methodology: This was a systematic screening by the “Sickle Scan” test of any blood donor admitted to the Zinder Regional Blood Transfusion Center during the 6-month study period, from January to June 2023. The Sickle Scan is a qualitative lateral flow chromatography immunoassay using whole blood samples that aid in the rapid diagnosis of sickle cell disease. Results: The study was carried out on 613 samples during the period concerned. The frequency of sickle cell genes was 26.9% (n = 165) in all samples collected, with 23.1% (n = 142) and 3.8% (n = 23) for the S gene and the C gene, respectively. The 18 - 30 age group was the most represented with 64.4% (n = 395) cases. The median age of blood donors was 26 years ± 10 years (min = 18 years/max = 60 years). The sex ratio was 2.5. Donors of Nigerien nationality accounted for 84.1% (n = 516). There is a predominance of blood donors with an average monthly income between 34,000 and 70,000 CFA francs in 44.3% (n = 272), lived in permanent housing with drinking water supply. Sickle cell trait (SMA) was found in 22.5% (n = 138). Conclusion: The analysis of these results highlights a high frequency of the S gene for sickle cell disease. The population with an average monthly income is the most affected, with a male predominance.

关键词： Sickle Cell Anemia Blood Donors Sickle Scan

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Solitary Osteogenic Exostosis of the Femur Revealed by Recurring Acute Distal Thigh Pain: About a Case

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第4期14卷 719-726页

作者： Thierno Saïdou Barry Mohamed Lamine Sadou Sacko Balla Keita Sory Sidimé moussa Condé Daniel Agbo-Panzo Pediatric Surgery Department Donka National Hospital (HND) of the University Hospital of Conakry Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry (UGANC) of Guinea Conakry Guinea Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery Department Donka National Hospital (HND) of the Conakry University Hospital Conakry Guinea

Introduction: Solitary exostoses are the most common benign tumors of the fertile metaphyses of the long bones of children. Their radiological diagnosis of metaphyseal bone growth must be confirmed on pathological examination. These tumors can remain asymptomatic for a long time and reveal themselves during a particularly vascular complication. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of these tumors. Patient and Observation: We report the case of a 15-year-old adolescent girl, with no particular pathological history, received in the pediatric surgery department of the Donka National Hospital (HND) of the Conakry University Hospital for recurrent acute painful swelling of the lower third of the left thigh in an afebrile context accompanied by lameness and stopping school for a few days (2 - 3 days). The symptoms appear to have evolved over the past 3 years and after physical activities. It regresses with rest, analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The notion of trauma and sickle cell disease was not reported in the patient's clinical history. It is the persistence of the symptomatology which motivates the said consultation. On palpation, a small hard mass is noted at the expense of the internal metaphysis of the left distal femur. Deep palpation of this area causes a tingling sensation and during rapid mobilization of the knee. The remainder of the orthopedic examination was unremarkable. Standard x-ray of the femur shows a bony growth with a pointed tip from the distal metaphysis of the left femur. On surgical exploration, we noted a wedge-shaped exostosis oriented towards the vastus medialis muscle. Histological examination of the surgical specimen confirms osteogenic exostosis. There is no recurrence after 2 years. Conclusion: The distal femoral metaphysis is the most common location of solitary osteochondromas in children. Their definitive diagnosis requires the histology of

关键词： Osteogenic Exostosis Osteochondromas Fertile Long Bone Metaphyses Child

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Maternal Fetal Prognosis: Pregnancy and Delivery in Women of 40 Years Old and Over in a Second Reference Hospital in Bamako

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第4期14卷 509-519页

作者： Samaké Alou Diarra Lasseny Keita Mamadou Haidara Dramane Haidara Mamadou Diallo Mamadou Konaté moussa Maiga Mariam Mohamed Saydi Ag Med Elmehdi Elansari Kassogue Djibril Seydou Zana Dao Samake Hawa Konate Karim Dembele Bertin Coulibaly moussa Mariko Seydou Collarete Dohino Reference Health Center of Commune VI of the Bamako District Bamako Mali Bamako Dermatology Hospital (BDH) Bamako Mali Kalaban Coro Reference Health Center Bamako Mali Timbuktu Hospital Timbuktu Mali Reference Health Center of Commune II of the Bamako District Bamako Mali Reference Health Center in Commune V of the Bamako District Bamako Mali National Institute for Training in Health Sciences Bamako Mali Mali Hospital Bamako Mali

Introduction: Late pregnancies are considered a public health problem linked to maternal mortality due to their complications. These risks, which worsen with maternal age, should be better known and taken into account in monitoring these pregnancies. Objective: To evaluate the impact of age on the prevalence of obstetric and neonatal complications among parturients of 40 years old and over. Methodology: This was an 11-year retrospective analytical case control study from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2017. The study population was female patients of 40 years old or older for cases and female patients younger than 40 years of control case. Results: In total, we collected 640 cases of parturients of 40 years old and over out of a total of 84,234 deliveries during the study period;i.e. a frequency of 0.76%. Spontaneous abortion increased in patients of 40 and over with 8.28%. Hypertension and diabetes were higher of women of 40 and over, 52.65%. Concerning the method of admission: 55% of parturients of 40 and over were referrals. Incidents occurring among women of 40 and over were more pronounced than in control cases. Complications during vaginal delivery, cervical tear, perineal tear, uterine dehiscence and uterine rupture are high in our cases, i.e. 11.88%;3.59%;2.19%;2.66. During our study, depending on the type of delivery, the cesarean rate was much higher among women of 40 and over than among control cases, i.e. 54.22% versus 12.24%. Hemorrhages in the 3rd trimester were the main indications for cesarean section. Hemorrhages in the 3rd trimester were more frequent with women of 40 and over, i.e. 10.47%;5.94% versus 1.74% and 0.42%. As for the different types of malformations in parturients, women under 40 years old fetal malformations were absent in 92.29%, on the other hand they were more frequent in patients with 40 years and over, i.e. a normal frequency of 36.72%. Conclusion: Pregnancy at a late age exposes the elderly patient and the newborn to several ri

关键词： Advanced Maternal Age Childbirth Risk Mali

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Unusual Brain Trauma Injury

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Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2024年第3期14卷 218-227页

作者： Diallo moussa Traoré Youssouf Kanikomo Drissa Diarra Sounkalo Izoudine B. Koumaré Sogoba Youssouf Sogoba Boubacar Diallo Oumar Gabriel Tour Teatching Hospital Bamako Mali Bocar Sidy Sall Teatching Hospital Kati Mali Hopital du Mali Teaching Hospital Bamako Mali

Unusual head trauma is rare with various mechanisms of occurrence. The injuries can be similar to those of road accidents but sometimes with significant complexities. The objective was to determine the frequency of this pathology in our practice, describe the different mechanisms and report the craniocerebral lesions caused by this type of trauma. Materials and Method: This was a descriptive study with retrospective collection spread over a period of 3 years. After selecting the files, the patients and/or their companions were contacted by telephone to inquire about them and then returned to the consultation for reassessment. Disease history and information were obtained from patients’ medical records. Result: The frequency of this pathology was 1.78% and his incidence was 0.4 cases per month. The average age of the patients was 13.47 years. All the victims were male. 41.17% of patients were in school. The mechanisms of trauma were the hoof blow 47.1%, the horn blow 29.4% and the stone blow 11.7% respectively. 23.5% of patients were confused and 11.7% children were in coma. One patient presented an anisocoria. The motor deficit was present in 5 cases. CT-scan made it possible to highlight a skull depressing fracture 58.8% and confirm a craniocerebral wound in 35.3%. The average time between patient admission to hospital and completion of surgery was 24.5 hours. The surgery had consisted of the trimming of cranio-cerebral wounds, exploration, duroplasty and lifting of skull depressing fracture. After 15 months of follow-up, the evolution was favorable in 53.3%, the morbidity was 33.4% and the mortality 17.6%. Conclusion: These are rare but serious conditions because they are fatal and disabling. An early and multidisciplinary management can hope to have a good favorable.

关键词： Brain Trauma Injury Insolite Unusual Skull Depressing Fracture Hoof Kick Horn Blows Stone Bows Motorcycle Gear Lever

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Prescription of Antibiotics in Oral-Dental Practice: Case of the Dental Practice at the Coyah Prefectoral Hospital in the Republic of Guinea 2019-2020

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2024年第9期14卷 373-381页

作者： Magna Condé Amadou Traoré moussa Doré Aly Badara Nabé David Ugai Seydouba Sylla Mory Doumbouya Alexandre Délamou African Center of Excellence for the Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases (CEA-PCMT) Faculty of Health Sciences and Techniques Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry Conakry Guinea Department of Odontology Faculty of Health Sciences and Techniques Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry Conakry Guinea Department of Odontology and Maxillofacial Surgery Ignace Deen National Hospital Conakry Guinea Department of Public Health Faculty of Health Sciences and Techniques Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry Conakry Guinea

Introduction: Antibiotics are medications that have the property of destroying bacteria or preventing their proliferation. The aim of this study is to evaluate antibiotic prescriptions in oral practice: case of the dental office of the Coyah prefectural hospital. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study which took place from August 2019 to January 2020 inclusive, i . e . a duration of six (6) months, during which 400 patients were identified. Results: Our results revealed a frequency of 70% of antibiotic prescriptions. The 16 - 25-year-old age group was the most dismayed, at 47.25% and with an average age of 27.78 years. Men represent 55% compared to 45% of women, i . e . sex ratio of 1.22. Pulp gangrene was the most common pathology in 55% of cases. The most prescribed family was Betalactamine or 61.71% and the most represented molecules were Amoxicillin with 56.10% followed by Metronidazole or 34.16%. And the favorable prognosis was observed in 99% of cases. Conclusion: Prescription should always be based on the benefit-risk ratio. This prescription by practitioners aims to prevent or eradicate infections and pain in order to obtain a good therapeutic result.

关键词： Prescription Antibiotics Oral Practice Dental Office Prefectural Hospital Coyah

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Maternal and Perinatal Prognosis of Arterial Hypertension and Pregnancy in a Peripheral Health Center in Mali

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第5期14卷 855-867页

作者： Samaké Alou Diarra Lasseny Keita Mamadou Haidara Dramane Haidara Mamadou Diallo Mamadou Konaté moussa Maiga Mariam MS Ag Med Elméhdi Elansari Kassogue Djibril Dao Seydou Zana Samake Hawa Konate Karim Dembele Bertin Coulibaly moussa Mariko Seydou Colette Dohinnon Reference Health Center in Commune VI of the Bamako District Bamako Mali Bamako Dermatology Hospital (HDB) Bamako Mali Kalaban Coro Reference Health Center Bamako Mali Timbuktu Hospital Timbuktu Mali Reference Health Center of Commune II of the Bamako district Bamako Mali Reference Health Center in Commune V of the Bamako district Bamako Mali National Institute for Training in Health Sciences Bamako Mali Mali Hospital Bamako Mali

Introduction: Maternal mortality constitutes a public health problem and its rate is an indicator of a country’s development. Among the causes of maternal and perinatal death, high blood pressure associated with pregnancy occupies a significant part. It represents 5% of direct maternal deaths. Objective: to study the maternal and perinatal prognosis of high blood pressure during pregnancy in the Tenenkou reference health center in Mali. Methodology: This was a descriptive, analytical and retrospective cross-sectional study over a period of twelve months from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021 and involving 144 cases of high blood pressure associated with pregnancy. Results: We obtained a frequency of 11.75%. The majority of patients 70.9% were aged between 20 - 35 years. The important risk factor found was young age. During our study, 46.5% of patients had performed at least one CPN and only 13.9% performed 04 CPN. Pre-eclampsia was the most common type of high blood pressure during pregnancy, i.e. 61.1%. Eclampsia and retroplacental hematoma were the most common maternal complications, respectively 27.8% and 11.1%. The most common fetal complications were premature births and fetal distress with 20.9% and 17.4% respectively. Conclusion: Hypertension associated with pregnancy still remains a major cause of maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality in our context where diagnosis is often late. The main clinical form was preeclampsia. Eclampsia and retroplacental hematoma were the most frequent maternal complications. Fetal complications were mainly prematurity and fetal distress.

关键词： Pregnancy High Blood Pressure Prognosis

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Risk Factors of Liver Cirrhosis in Chad: Large Proportion of Cases without Clear Etiology

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第11期13卷 339-350页

作者： Ali mahamat moussa Pascal Pineau Mayanna Habkreo moussa Hassan Elefi Tahir mahamat Saleh Maire Dehainsala mahamat Ali Hachim Adama Ahmed N’Gare adoum Abderrazak Fouda Bessimbaye Nadlaou Adawaye Chatté Service de Médecine Interne et Gastroentérologie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire La Référence Nationale Ndjamena Tchad Unité “Organisation Nucléaire et Oncogenèse” Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U993 Paris France Service de Medecine Interne Centre Hospitalier Universitaire La Renaissance N’Djamena Tchad Programme de Lutte contre le VIH et SIDA Hépatites et Infectins Sexuellement Transmissibles Ministère de la Santé Publique N’Djamena Tchad Service de Laboratoire Centre Hospitalier Universitaire La Reference Nationale N’Djamena Tchad

Background: In comparison to other forms of chronic liver diseases, cirrhosis is generally poorly studied in sub Saharan Africa. In Chad, more particularly, no data are available despite the burden of liver diseases considered as the first cause of hospitalizations in the country. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 268 patients with liver cirrhosis attending care at the University Reference Hospital between 2007 and 2016. Results: This series of liver cirrhoses was characterized by a weak mal predominance (M:F = 1.7). The age of onset occurs significantly earlier in women than in men (40.6 ± 12.0 vs. 44.4 ± 13.4, p = 0.0171). The principal risk factor was persistent infection with hepatitis B virus (49% of cases) followed distantly by infection with hepatitis C virus (13%) and excessive alcohol consumption (10%). Men were more frequently carrying HBV surface antigen than women (65.6% vs 35.9% p = 0.0019). HBV-associated liver cirrhosis was overall more severe than diseases from other causes. A large proportion of cirrhosis (30%), observed primarily in women (48.1% vs 24.1%, p = 0.0036), was considered are cryptogenic. Conclusions: The etiological spectrum of liver cirrhosis remains to be properly defined in Chad. This lack of knowledge prevents the implementation of an efficient policy of prevention. A significant effort should be secured to characterize hitherto neglected infectious, lifestyle or genetic risk factors responsible of this form of terminal disease and improve subsequently liver health of local populations.

关键词： Chad Liver Cirrhosis Hepatitis Viruses Alcohol Cryptogenic

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Land Use and Gully Dynamics in the Kourfa Watershed, Matankari (Southwest Niger)

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2024年第4期16卷 306-320页

作者： Bachirou Hamadou Younoussa Tahirou Hassane Yaou Bouba Hassane Abass Kadade Sabou Abdoulkader moussa Issaka Amadou Abdourhamane Toure Zibo Garba Facult des Sciences et Techniques Universit de Dosso Dosso Niger Facult des Sciences et Techniques Universit Abdou Moumouni de Niamey Niamey Niger Facult des Sciences et Techniques Universit Andr Salifou de Zinder Zinder Niger

The main consequences of climate change in the Sahel have been the metamorphosis of surface conditions. These metamorphoses have resulted in surface degradation, of which silting up of watersheds is the main phenomenon. The objective of this study is to assess the environmental trends of the Kourfa pond watershed. The study is based on diachronic mapping with Landsat satellite images and Google Earth images, over the period 1986 to 2021. The study reveals that vegetation (whose rate of regression doubled between 1986 and 2021) has decreased to the benefit of crop areas (whose rate of increase multiplied by 3.61 between 1986 and 2021). Bare soil and encrusted areas have also decreased, with regression rates almost double than those of 1986. In addition, the Kourfa waterholes have experienced two types of changes over 35 years: one progressive between 2011 and 2016 and the other regressive between 2001 and 2021 compared to 1986. The ravine network has been multiplied by a factor of 2.4, with density more than doubled and the connectivity of the hydrographic networks has risen from 2 to 4, with significant bank recession. This dynamic of the Kourfa pond is linked to the high drainage, the increasing complexity of the gully network and the erosion due to the retreat of the watershed banks, all of which contribute to the silting-up of the Kourfa watershed.

关键词： Kourfa Pond Dynamics Watershed Dosso Niger

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Ultrasound Biometry of the Liver at the Point “G” University Hospital Center in Bamako

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Open Journal of Medical Imaging 2024年第3期14卷 86-95页

作者： Ousmane Traore Siaka Diakite Drissa Mansa Sidibe moussa Konate Mamadou N’Diaye Salia Coulibaly Nouhoum Ongoiba Adama Diaman Keita Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging University Hospital Center of Point “G” Bamako Mali Department of Family Medicine/Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology (FMOS) Bamako Mali Department of Radiology Bamako-Mali Military Health Center Bamako Mali Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging University Hospital Center Kati Mali Department of Anatomy Faculty of Medicine and Odonto-Stomatology Bamako Mali

Introduction: Biometrics therefore corresponds to the measurement of the morphological elements of humans. One of the most common ultrasound requests by clinicians is the assessment of liver size. The aim of our study was to study liver biometry using ultrasound in healthy adult subjects. Material and Methods: This was a prospective, descriptive and analytical study, carried out at CHU Point-G over a period of 7 months. A liver ultrasound was performed on 100 individuals without lesions, by a doctor in his final year of specialization in radiology and medical imaging. For each subject, we determined the height and anteroposterior diameter of the right liver and the left liver. Results: The mean age was 39.05 ± 16.86 years. The body mass index (BMI) 18.5 - 24.9 group was the most represented with 58%. The mean height of the right liver was 138.40 ± 14.85 mm. It was 136.81 ± 14.70 mm in men and 139.92 ± 14.99 mm in women ( P = 0.306). That of the left liver was 95.55 ± 14.34 mm, in men, it was 91.79 ± 13.51 mm and 99.16 ± 14.31 mm in women ( P = 0.019). We found a significant correlation between right liver height and BMI ( P = 0.013). Conclusion: The mean values of liver biometry were established in our series. There was a significant correlation between right liver height and BMI. Liver ultrasound remains a reliable technique for liver biometry.

关键词： Liver Biometry Ultrasound Point-G University Hospital Bamako

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The Management of Neonatal Peritonitis in the Paediatric Surgery Department of the Donka National Hospital

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第5期14卷 823-833页

作者： Mohamed Lamine Sadou Sacko Thierno Saidou Barry Balla Keita Mory Sangare Jacques Faya Millimono moussa Conde Seydou Keita Daniel Agbo-Panzo Pediatric Surgery Department at Conakry University Hospital Conakry Guinea Université Gamal Abdel Nasser de Conakry Conakry Guinea General Surgery Department Ignace Deen University Hospital Conakry Guinea

Introduction : Neonatal peritonitis is a rare but serious condition requiring early diagnosis and management. The lack of antenatal diagnosis, the precariousness of neonatal intensive care, and the delay in diagnosis and treatment are the factors of poor prognosis. The objective of this study was to study the epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of neonatal peritonitis in order to improve its management in the pediatric surgery department of the CHU-Donka. Materials and Methods : This is a retrospective descriptive study of the records of patients treated for neonatal peritonitis from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2022. Results : Results: We compiled 17 records of patients operated on for neonatal peritonitis, representing a frequency of 3.85% and an incidence of 2.83 cases/year. The mean age of our patients was 8.29 days, with extremes of D0 and D25. Males were more dominant, with a frequency of 71% and a sex ratio of 2.4. The average consultation time was 72 h, with extremes of 12 h and 144 h. Abdominal bloating was the main reason for consultation (100%). Fever and vomiting were frequent, at 70.59% and 82.35% respectively. PSA revealed pneumoperitoneum in 12 patients (70.59%). The colon was the most frequent site of perforation at 29.41%. ECUN was the main etiology with 35.29%. Ostomy was the main surgical procedure in 58.82% of cases, followed by suture excision in 29.41%. Postoperative follow-up was simple in 3 patients (17.65%) and complicated in 14 (82.35%). Sepsis was the main cause of death (47.59%). The mortality rate was 76.47%. Conclusion : Mortality from neonatal peritonitis remains high in developing countries. Early diagnosis, early surgical management, and the presence of well-equipped neonatal intensive care units with qualified staff are essential for an improvement in the prognosis of neonatal peritonitis.

关键词： Etiology Newborns Gastrointestinal Perforation

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