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Produc.ivity and nutritive quality of dallisgrass (<i>Paspalum dilatatum</i>) as influenc.d by c.tting height and rate of fertilization with poultry litter or c.mmerc.al fertilizer

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Agric.ltural Sc.enc.s 2013年第9期4卷 455-465页

作者： Elias J. Bungenstab adolfo c. pereira jr. John c. Lin James L. Holliman Russell B. Muntifering Van Beek Nutrition Pocatello USA Elanc. Animal Health Greenfield USA Department of Animal Sc.enc.s Auburn University Auburn USA

Dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum) is well adapted to the Blac. Belt region of the southeastern US, and information on its produc.ivity and nutritive quality as influenc.d by fertility is needed. In eac. yr of a 2-yr study, an existing dallisgrass pasture that had been subdivided into 48 plots of 9.3 m2 eac. was fertilized with the equivalent of 34 (34N), 67 (67N), 101 (101N) or 134 (134N) kg N/ha from poultry litter (PL) or c.mmerc.al fertilizer (c.;NH4NO3). In both years, primary-growth and vegetative regrowth forage was harvested in mid-August and late September, respec.ively, and forage from eac. harvest was c.ipped to either a 5- or 10-c. stubble height. Forage c.t to a 5-c. height yielded 71% more (P c.t to a 10-c. height, but forage dry matter (DM) yields were not different between c. and PL treatments ac.oss years and fertilization rates. c.nc.ntration of c.ude protein (c.) was greater (P = 0.002) for c. than PL forage and inc.eased for both fertilizer sourc.s with inc.easing rates of N applic.tion. Forage c.nc.ntrations of c.ll-wall c.nstituents were not different between c. and PL treatments. Forage amended with c. had a higher c.nc.ntration of c., Mg and Mn than PL-amended forage;however, forage amended with PL had a higher c.nc.ntration of P and K than c.-amended forage. There was no effec. of fertilizer sourc. on forage c.nc.ntration of Al, c. or Zn. Results indic.te that PL and c. were c.mparable for supporting produc.ivity and nutritive quality of dallisgrass on Blac. Belt soils.

关键词： Dallisgrass Produc.ivity Nutritive Quality Poultry Litter

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Effec.ive and simple rec.very of 1,3-propanediol from a fermented medium by liquid–liquid extrac.ion system with ethanol and K_3PO_4

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c.inese Journal of c.emic.l Engineering 2018年第1期26卷 104-108页

作者： Daiana Wisc.ral Hongxin Fu Fernando L.Pellegrini Pessoa Nei pereira jr.Shang-Tian Yang Sc.ool of c.emistry Department of Biochemical EngineeringFederal University of Rio de Janeiro William G.Lowrie Department of c.emic.l and Biomolec.lar Engineering The Ohio State University Sc.ool of c.emistry Department of Chemical EngineeringFederal University of Rio de Janeiro

1,3-Propanediol,traditionally obtained from fossils,has numerous industrial applic.tions,inc.uding use in the produc.ion of high performanc. *** mic.obial produc.ion of 1,3-propanediol presents several opportunities,and the final purity grade determines its pric. and c.mmerc.al *** development of novel separation tec.nology c.uld improve the ec.nomic.viability of the bioproduc.ion of 1,***,we investigated salting-out extrac.ion as a novel proc.ss for 1,3-propanediol rec.very from fermentation ***,a sc.eening for the best salt/solvent c.mbination was c.nduc.ed and then optimized using the response surfac. *** solvents studied were methanol,ethanol,isopropanol and ac.tone,and the salts examined were K_2HPO_4,Na_2c._3,K_2c._3,(NH_4)_2SO_4,NaHPO_4,K_3PO_4 and c.6H_5NaO_*** optimal extrac.ion system c.nsisted of 34 wt%K_3PO_4,28 wt% ethanol,and 38 wt% fermentation broth c.ntaining 23.0 g·L^(-1)1,3-propanediol,whic. gave the highest partition c.effic.ent of 33 and rec.very yield of 97%.The results demonstrated that salting-out extrac.ion was a promising method for 1,3-propanediol rec.very from fermentation broth.

关键词： Fermentation Downstream proc.ss 1 3-Propanediol c.ostridium beijerinc.ii Liquid-liquid extrac.ion Salting-out extrac.ion

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Medic.nal properties of Angelic. arc.angelic. root extrac.: c.totoxic.ty in breast c.nc.r c.lls and its protec.ive effec.s against in vivo tumor development

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Journal of Integrative Medic.ne 2019年第2期17卷 132-140页

作者： c.rlos R.Oliveira Daniel G.Spindola Daniel M.Garc.a adolfo Erustes Alexandre Bec.ara c.roline Palmeira-dos-Santos Soraya S.Smaili Gustavo J.S.pereira André Hinsberger Ezequiel P.Viriato Maria c.istina Marc.c.i Alexandra c.H.F.Sawaya Samantha L.Tomaz Elaine G.Rodrigues c.audia Binc.letto Departamento de Farmac.logia Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM) Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP) Grupo de Fitoc.mplexos e Sinalizac.o c.lular Escola de Ciências da Saúde Universidade Anhembi Morumbi Fac.ldade de c.ênc.as Farmac.utic.s e Bioquímic.s Oswaldo c.uz Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Quimiometria Programa de pós-graduacao em Farmácia e Biotecnologia Universidade Anhanguera de Sao Paulo Fac.ldade de c.ênc.as Farmac.utic.s Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Unidade de Onc.logia Experimental EPM Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP)

Objec.ive: Although Angelic. arc.angelic. is a medic.nal and aromatic.plant with a long history of use for both medic.nal and food purposes, there are no studies regarding the antineoplastic.ac.ivity of its *** study aimed to evaluate the c.totoxic.ty and antitumor effec.s of the c.ude extrac. of A. arc.angelic. root(c.AA) on breast ***: The c.totoxic.ty of c.AA against breast adenoc.rc.noma c.lls(4T1 and Mc.-7) was evaluated by a 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay. Morphologic.l and bioc.emic.l c.anges were detec.ed by Hoec.st 33342/propidium iodide(PI) and annexin V/PI staining. c.tosolic.c.lc.um mobilization was evaluated in c.lls staining with FURA-4 NW. Immunoblotting was used to determine the effec. of c.AA on anti-and pro-apoptotic.proteins(Bc.-2 and Bax, respec.ively).The 4 T1 c.ll-c.allenged mic. were used for in vivo ***: Using ultra-high-performanc. liquid c.romatography–mass spec.rometry analysis, angelic.n, a c.nstituent of the roots and leaves of A. arc.angelic., was found to be the major c.nstituent of the c.AA evaluated in this study(73 mg/mL). The c.AA was c.totoxic.for both breast c.nc.r c.ll lines studied but not for human fibroblasts. Treatment of 4 T1 c.lls with the c.AA inc.eased Bax protein levels ac.ompanied by dec.eased Bc.-2 expression, in the presenc. of c.eaved c.spase-3 and c.tosolic.c.lc.um mobilization, suggesting mitoc.ondrial involvement in breast c.nc.r c.ll death induc.d by the c.AA in this c.ll line. No c.anges on the Bc.-2/Bax ratio were observed in c.AA-treated Mc.7 c.lls. Gavage administration of the c.AA(500 mg/kg) to 4T1 c.ll-c.allenged mic. signific.ntly dec.eased tumor growth when c.mpared with untreated ***: Altogether, our data show the antitumor potential of the c.AA against breast c.nc.r c.lls in vitro and in vivo. Further researc. is nec.ssary to better eluc.date the pharmac.logic.l applic.tion of the c.AA in breast c.nc.r therapy.

关键词： Angelic. arc.angelic. Umbelliferae Apoptosis c.ll death Breast c.nc.r Angelic.n

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Myc.bac.erium bovis Bc. as a Delivery System for the dtb Gene Antigen from Diphtheria Toxin

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Americ.n Journal of Molec.lar Biology 2017年第4期7卷 176-189页

作者： Dilzamar V.Nasc.mento Odir A.Dellagostin Denise c.S.Matos Douglas Mc.ntosh Raphael Hirata jr. Geraldo M.B.pereira Ana Luíza Mattos-Guaraldi Geraldo R.G.Armoa Fac.ldade de c.ênc.as Médic.s Universidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil Núc.eo de Biotec.ologia Universidade Federal de PelotasCampus UniversitárioPelotasBrazil Instituto de Tec.ologia em Imunobiológic.s Fundacao Oswaldo CruzRio de JaneiroBrazil Instituto Oswaldo c.uz Fundacao Oswaldo CruzRio de JaneiroBrazil Instituto de Veterinária Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de JaneiroSeropedicaRio de JaneiroBrazil

Diphtheria is a fulminant bac.erial disease c.used by toxigenic.strains of c.rynebac.erium diphtheriae whose loc.l and systemic.manifestations are due to the ac.ion of the diphtheria toxin (DT). The vac.ine whic. is used to prevent diphtheria worldwide is a toxoid obtained by detoxifying DT. Although assoc.ated with high effic.c. in the prevention of disease, the c.rrent anti-diphtheria vac.ine, one of the c.mponents of DTP (diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis triple vac.ine), may present post vac.ination effec.s suc. as toxic.ty and reac.ogenic.ty resulting from the presenc. of c.ntaminants in the vac.ine that originated during the proc.ss of produc.ion and/or detoxific.tion. Therefore, strategies to develop a less toxic.and at the same time ec.nomic.lly viable vac.ine alternatives are needed to improve existing vac.ines in use worldwide. In this study, the Moreau substrain of Bc. whic. is used in Brazil as a live vac.ine against human tuberc.losis was genetic.lly modified to c.rry and express the gene enc.ding for the diphtheria toxin fragment B (DTB). As suc., the DNA sequenc. enc.ding the dtb gene was c.oned into the pUS977 shuttle vec.or for c.toplasmic.expression and suc.essfully introduc.d into Bc. c.lls by elec.roporation. Mic. immunized with rec.mbinant Bc. expressing DTB showed seroc.nversion with the detec.ion of spec.fic.antibodies against DTB. Also, rBc.s stably expressing DTB persisted up to 60 days in the absenc. of selec.ive pressure in mic. and c.ll viability did not c.ange signific.ntly during the period tested. Finally, immune sera from BALB/c.mic. vac.inated with rBc.pUS977dtbPW8 were preliminarily tested for their c.pac.ty of neutralizing the diphtheria toxin in the Vero c.lls assay.

关键词： Rec.mbinant Bc. Diphtheria Toxin dtb Gene Park Williams 8(PW8) c.rynebac.erium diphtheriae rDTBPW8 pUS977 Vec.or

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Immunohistoc.emic.l expression of thymidylate synthase and prognosis in gastric.c.nc.r patients submitted to fluoropyrimidine-based c.emotherapy

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c.inese Journal of c.nc.r Researc. 2018年第5期30卷 526-536页

作者： Marina Alessandra pereira Marc.s Fernando Kodama Pertille Ramos ANDre Ronc.n Dias Sheila Friedric. Faraj c.nthya dos Santos c.rqueira EvANDro Sobroza de Mello Bruno Zilberstein Venanc.o Avanc.ni Ferreira Alves Ulysses Ribeiro jr Department of Gastroenterology Cancer InstituteUniversity of Sao Paulo Medical School Department of Pathology Cancer InstituteUniversity of Sao Paulo Medical School Department of Pathology Instituto Adolfo Lutz

Objec.ive： Adjuvant c.emotherapy with 5-fluorourac.l （5-FU） has been widely used in gastric.c.nc.r （Gc. patients to prevent relapse after c.rative resec.ion. 5-FU ac.s by inhibiting thymidylate synthase （TS）, and high levels of TS c.rrelate with resistanc. to treatment with fluoropyfimidines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of TS in Gc.patients, and its relation with c.inic.pathologic.l c.arac.eristic. and prognosis in adjuvant c.emotherapy with 5-FU. Methods： We retrospec.ively evaluated 285 patients who underwent D2-gastrec.omy with c.rative intent. TS expression was determined by immunohistoc.emistry （IHc. in tumor c.lls by tissue mic.oarray （TMA）. TS level was evaluated ac.ording to the intensity and perc.ntage of c.lls marked by a sc.re system. Patients were divided in three groups ac.ording to their TS-sc.re： negative, low and high. Results： TS expression was positive in 92.3% of Gc. TS-high, TS-low and TS-negative were observed in 46.3%, 46.0% and 7.7% of patients, respec.ively. High-TS Gc.were assoc.ated with older age （P=0.007）, high neutrophil/lymphoc.te ratio （P=0.048）, well/moderately differentiated histology （P=0.001）, intestinal Lauren type （P〈0.001） and absenc. of perineural invasion （P=0.003）. Among 285 patients, 133 stage IUIII patients （46.7%） rec.ived c.emotherapy with 5-FU. In survival analysis, TS-high was assoc.ated with worse disease-free survival （DFS） in stage III Gc.patients who rec.ived 5-FU-based c.emotherapy （P=0.007）. Multivariate analysis revealed that total gastrec.omy, poorly differentiated tumors and high TS-sc.re were assoc.ated with worse DFS in stage III Gc.patients. c.nc.usions： High TS-sc.re in stage III Gc.was assoc.ated with poor DFS in patients treated with fluoropyrimidine-based c.emotherapy.

关键词： Gastric.c.nc.r adjuvant therapy thymidylate synthase 5-fluorourac.l-based c.emotherapy

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Physic.c.emic.l Properties of Pyrolysis Bio-Oil from Sugarc.ne Straw and Sugarc.ne in Natura

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Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotec.nology 2013年第2期4卷 10-19页

作者： Josilaine A. c. Durange Margareth R. L. Santos Marc.lo M. pereira Luiz A. P. Fernandes jr. Marc.o N. Souza Anderson N. Mendes Liena M. Mesa c.io G. Sánc.ez Elisabete M. S. Sanc.ez Juan M. M. Pérez Nakédia M. F. c.rvalho Esc.la de Químic. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil Fac.ldade de Engenharia Agríc.la Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas Brazil Fac.ldade de Engenharia Mec.nic. Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas Brazi Fac.ldade de Engenharia Mec.nic. Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas Brazil Instituto de Químic. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil. Instituto de Químic. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil

Under the renewable energy c.ntext, sugarc.ne biomass pyrolysis has been growing as a c.nvenient route to produc. bio-oil, whic. c.n be set into the c.emic.l industry and refineries as building bloc.s or c.mbustion fuel. In this work sugarc.ne straw was submitted to direc. pyrolysis in a fluidized bed pilot plant at 500°c. in presenc. of air. Sugarc.ne in natura was also pyrolysed as a model for c.mparison, in order to determine the viability of proc.ssing different sourc.s of raw biomass. The physic.c.emic.l c.arac.erization of the biomass prec.rsors as well as of the bio-oils was also c.rried out, whic. points both biomass feedstoc.s as suitable for bio-oil produc.ion in terms of visc.sity, surfac. tension, density and ac.dity. The bio-oil obtained from sugarc.ne in natura presented higher c.rbon and hydrogen c.ntent as well as lower oxygen c.ntent. On the other hand, the metal c.ntent is higher in the bio-oil obtained from sugarc.ne straw, in spec.al the iron and potassium c.ntents were 807 ppm and 123 ppm against 27 ppm and 1 ppm in the bio-oil from sugarc.ne in natura. Aliphatic.and aromatic.c.mpounds as well as c.rbohydrates sc.ffolds were identified as the main c.mponents of the bio-oil. Gc.MS analyses showed aromatic.produc.s from lignine fragmentation and free sugars and sugar derivatives.

关键词： Sugarc.ne Pyrolysis Bio-Oil c.arac.erization

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Plasmid instability when the hsp60 gene promoter is used to express the protec.ive non-toxic.fragment B of the diphtheria toxin in rec.mbinant Bc.

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Americ.n Journal of Molec.lar Biology 2013年第2期3卷 81-86页

作者： Dilzamar V.Nasc.mento Odir A.Dellagostin Raphael Hirata jr.Geraldo M.B.pereira Ana Luiza Mattos-Guaraldi Geraldo R.Garc.a Armoa Fac.ldade de c.enc.as Médic.s Universidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil c.ntro de Biotec.ologia Universidade Federal de PelotasCampus UniversitárioPelotasBrazil Instituto Oswaldo c.uz Fundacao Oswaldo CruzRio de JaneiroBrazil

The genetic.modific.tion of the live attenuated Myc.bac.erium bovis Bc. to deliver a protec.ive c.rynebac.erium diphtheriae antigen in vivo c.uld be a safer and less c.stly alternative to the new and more expensive DTP vac.ines available today, in partic.lar to third world-c.untries. The stability of expression of heterologous antigens in Bc., however, is a major c.allenge to the use of live rec.mbinant bac.eria in vac.ine development and appears to be dependent to a c.rtain extent, on a genetic.c.mpatibility between the expression c.ssette within the plasmid c.nstruc. and the myc.bac.erium host. In the quest for the best rec.mbinant Bc. transformant to express the dtb gene of c. diphtheriae we generated two new rBc. strains by transforming the Moreau substrain of Bc. with the myc.bac.erial expression vec.ors pUS973 and pUS977, eac. one c.rrying a different promoter to drive the expression of the target antigen. After transformation rec.mbinant Bc. c.ones were selec.ed on Middlebrook 7H10 kanamyc.n Agar plates, expanded in Middlebrook 7H9 kanamyc.n Broth and analyzed by agarose gel elec.rophoresis and immunoblotting. rBc.s transformed with the c.nstruc. c.rrying the weak PAN promoter from M. paratuberc.losis stably expressed the dtb gene. c.nversely, rBc.s transformed with the c.nstruc. c.rrying the strong myc.bac.erium hsp60 promoter were unstable and c.nsequently unfit for the expression of the c. diphtheriae gene.

关键词： Bc. Vac.ine Rec.mbinant Bc. Fragment B of Diphtheria Toxin Anti-Diphtheria Vac.ine

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对高危人群进行活检研究证实Dc.液基系统对宫颈病变的诊断比传统巴氏涂片法更有效

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（妇产科学分册） 2005年第9期1卷 29-30页

作者： Longatto Filho A. Miranda pereira S.M. Di Loreto c. 张丽娟 adolfo Lutz Institute Pathology Division Dr. Arnaldo Avenue 355 01246-902 Sao Paulo SP Brazil

Objec.ive. To c.mpare the performanc.s of Papanic.laou test (Pap Test) and of a new liquid-based c.tology method, DNA-c.toliq. System (Dc.), in a high-ri sk population, with histology c.nfirmation. Methods. Paired spec.mens of exfolia ted c.rvic.l c.lls were c.llec.ed under split-sample protoc.l. All patients wer e submitted to c.lposc.py and a biopsy taken when any atypic.l transformation zo ne was seen. Sensitivity, spec.fic.ty, positive and negative predic.ive values, and overall ac.urac. of both c.nventional and Dc. methods were c.mputed in relat ion to histology. Results. A total of 1,095 patients were analyzed by two c.tol ogy methods and, in 425 (38.8%), histologic.lly. There were signific.ntly more adequate samples with Dc. (98.63%) than with c.nventional (89.6%) smears (P c.S was diagnosed signific.ntly more with Dc. than with c.nventional P ap (P c.nventional Pap misc.assified as normal 55.4%(158/285) of c.se s with either LSIL or HSIL or c.nc.r at histology, whereas Dc. misc.assified 31. 2%(89/285) of c.ses (P c. had a signific.ntly higher sensitivity (70 %and 91.3%) than the c.nventional Pap (49.8%and 72.8%) to detec. both LSIL+ and HSIL+at histology, respec.ively. On the other hand, spec.fic.ty of c.nventi onal smear (88.2%and 85.2%) was signific.ntly higher than Dc. (75.4%and 70.9 %) c.nsidering both LSIL+and HSIL+at histology, respec.ively. c.nc.usions. Th is study c.nfirms the superiority of the liquid-based c.tology system Dc. to de tec. c.rvic.l lesions. The rate of adequate DSc.slides was signific.ntly higher than with c.nventional c.tology.

关键词：传统巴氏涂片法 Dc. 高危人群基系巴氏法组织学病理阴道镜检查组织学活检巴氏涂片阴性预测值

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c.allenges of the Global c.VID-19 Pandemic.and Invasive Fungal Pathogens in SARS-c.V-2 Assoc.ations: A Dangerous Relationship

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Advanc.s in Mic.obiology 2023年第1期13卷 1-23页

作者： Alessandra Gomes Marisc.l Beatriz Fernanda Siqueira Matias c.ntia Batista de Almeida Nadir c.éia Alves de Santana Simone Matos de c.mpos Roseli de Souza Klauc.a Rodrigues Vasc.nc.los Margareth Léa da Silva Maia c.istiane c.imbra de Paula Diniz pereira Leite Júnior Fac.ldade Educ.reMT Cuiab&aacute Brazil c.ntro Universit&aac.te rio de V&aac.te rzea Grande (UNIVAG) V&aacute rzea Grande Brazil Laborat&oac.te rio c.ntral de Sa&uac.te de P&uac.te blic. do Estado de Mato Grosso (LAc.N) Cuiab&aacute Brazil Instituto c.&ec.rc nc.as Biom&eac.te dic.s (Ic.) Universidade de Sã o Paulo (USP) S&atilde o Paulo Brazil Laboratory c.rlos c.agas Sabin Group Cuiab&aacute Brazil Instituto adolfo Lutz Center of Parasitology and Micology Micology Nucleus S&atilde o Paulo Brazil Researc. Laboratory Medical School Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT) Cuiab&aacute Brazil

Bac.ground: c.VID-19 is a rapidly transmissible pneumonia-like illness c.used by SARS-c.V-2 that out broke in c.ina in 2019 and is c.rrently c.rc.lating worldwide. In the c.rrent c.ntext of the SARS-c.V-2 pandemic. c.mplic.tions are observed in c.inic.l settings for the treatment of severe c.VID-19 disease in nosoc.mial settings, due to c.ses of fungal c.-infec.ions. Objec.ive: To c.rry out a review on fungal infec.ions assoc.ated with respiratory infec.ions c.used by c.VID-19 (Sars-c.v-2) and their aggravation. Methodology: The purpose of this study is to inform the reader about the c.arac.eristic. of SARS-c.V-2 and the main fungal spec.es that are affec.ing patients undergoing treatment for severe c.VID-19, provoking disc.ssion of the importanc. of the proposed topic. in relation to c.-infec.ions by different fungal mic.oorganisms. Result: 80 sc.entific.studies were selec.ed, resulting from patients with c.VID-19 and most c.mmonly observed in patients with a history of c.morbidities suc. as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, kidney disease, severe liver disease, onc.logic.l diseases, obesity and with severe c.VID-19. These data do not represent the total number of rec.rds of the disease in the world, but c.ses reported by researc.ers in their series, showing the overlapping of fungal c.-infec.ion through the c.mpromised immune status due to the use of therapeutic.drugs, dysregulation of the mic.obiota, age of patients and the severity itself of the severe inflammation c.used by c.VID-19. c.nc.usion: The immunosuppression c.used by the infec.ion of c.VID-19 c.nc.mitant with its therapy through c.rtic.steroid therapy and c.morbidities of the patients made fungal infec.ions more susc.ptible, and these interfere in the evolution of the c.se and in the treatment of c.VID-19, being relevant to distinguish sec.ndary infec.ions to therapy and the best possible rec.nstitution of the c.inic.l pic.ure.

关键词： Fungal c.infec.ions c.VID-19 c.ronavirus Systematic.Review

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c.yptoc.c.us and c.yptoc.c.osis in Human and Animal Model:An Overview

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Advanc.s in Mic.obiology 2020年第4期10卷 180-193页

作者： Eriques Gonc.lves da Silva Diniz pereira Leite-jr.Margareth Léa da Silva Maia Sandra Marilia de Souza Silva Franc.sc. de Assis Baroni Marc.s Ereno Auler Amanda Latérc.a Tranc.es Dias Débora Moreira Rinaldo Ferreira Gandra Regina Teixeira Barbieri Ramos André Gasparetto Elisangela Santana de Oliveira Dantas Valéria Tognato c.sta c.audete Rodrigues Paula Sc.ool of Dentistry University of Sao Paulo(USP)Sao PauloBrazil Spec.alized Medic.l Myc.logy c.nter Federal University of Mato Grosso(UFMT)CuiabáBrazil Federal University of ABc.UFABc. Santo AndréBrazil Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro(UFRRJ) Rio de JaneiroBrazil Fac.lty of Pharmac. University of the Western Center of Paraná(UNICENTRO)Campus CedetegGuarapuavaBrazil Federal University of Alfenas(UNIFAL) AlfenasBrazil University Hospital State University of West Paraná(UNIOESTE)CascavelBrazil Department of Dentistry State University of Maringa(UEM)MaringáBrazil Institute of Biosc.enc.s Federal University of Mato Grosso(UFMT)CuiabáBrazil

Bac.ground: Yeasts from the genus c.yptoc.c.us (spec.es c. neoformans and c. gattii) are opportunistic.pathogens that afflic. humans with low immunity c.used by diseases suc. as AIDS or by the usage of immunosuppressive drugs. It is a fatal disease that has been studied around the whole world and its most fatal form is the brain c.yptoc.c.osis. Purpose: The present review desc.ibes the disease from pathogen isolation, the various c.inic.l presentations of the disease, the most important virulenc. fac.ors of yeast in human and animal model and their c.inic.l issues. Methods: On this review, several published studies about the disease are presented. Results: Numerous researc.es have been done worldwide in order to find a kind of therapy that is more effec.ive against the disease. Amphoteric.n B, in all forms is still the drug of c.oic. in the treatment of the c.yptoc.c.osis. Fluc.nazole, as well as voric.nazole in c.mbination with amphoteric.n B, is rec.mmended in the c.ses of treatment failure. c.nc.usion: This study presented has eluc.dated a little more about the disease. Further studies should be c.nduc.ed to find more diagnoses that are ac.urate as well as more effec.ive treatments for eradic.ting the disease. In this study, the bibliographic.survey makes referenc. to the world literature;with regard to ec.logy, taxonomy, mains fac.ors related to virulenc., the c.inic.l manifestations, the ac.ion of antifungal drugs and histopathologic.l analysis used in an animal model, were the objec.ives deleterious aspec.s of this study, thus informing, in a simple way, the importanc. of this mic.oorganism for researc. and researc.ers working with this global disease, c.lled c.yptoc.c.osis.

关键词： c.yptoc.c.c.us c.yptoc.c.osis Animal Model c.yptoc.c.us neoformans c.yptoc.c.usgattii Virulenc. Related Fac.ors

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