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Factors Contributing to Contamination of Street Foods in Bamako, Mali

Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 199-210页

作者： Demba Dembele Mamadou Wele Bawa Boya Haziz Sina Basile Boni Saka Konmy adol.he adjanohoun Lamine Baba-Moussa Institute of Applied Sciences University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako Bamako Mali Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology Faculty of Science and Technology University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin National Agronomic Research Institute of Benin Cotonou Benin

The World health Organization states that foodborne diseases are a worldwide public health issue. Although street foods can provide nutritious and affordable ready-to-eat meals for city dwellers, their health risks can outweigh the benefits. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Bamako district, focusing on street food vendors near schools, universities, extensive markets, administrative centers, and major roads. We aimed to sample fifty (50) sellers per municipality, making 300 sellers for the Bamako district. We developed a survey sheet to collect data, and six teams rotated between the municipalities each month. Before starting the collection, the teams were provided administrative papers approved by the municipal authority. The survey revealed three types of sales sites: fixed (65%), semi-fixed (30%), and mobile (4.40%). The proportion of sellers was 26.8%, 23.2%, 19.7%, and 4.2% in municipalities III, IV, and I. In municipalities I, II, III, IV, and VI, respectively, 92%, 95.70%, 93%, 87.2%, and 100% of the sellers were female. The age distribution of sellers was 65.63%, 46.81%, 40.82%, 38.30%, 36.17%, 36%, and 32% in the 25-34 and 35 - 44 age groups. Illiteracy rates were 59.20%, 61.70%, 55.30%, 75%, and 56% in municipalities I, II, III, IV, and VI, respectively. The study identified two categories of sellers: 48.3% in type 1 and 51.7% in type 2. The first category comprised 154 sellers, and the second 165 sellers. The survey found that 66.00%, 56.00%, 48.90%, 44.90%, 38.30%, and 34.40% of municipal V, VI, III, I, II, and IV sales sites were open-air. In municipality I, 63.30% of the sites were under hangars, while in municipalities II and IV, the corresponding percentages were 51.10% and 59.40%, respectively. Moreover, 46.00%, 31.90%, 31.30%, 30.60%, and 27.70% of the sites in municipalities VI, II, IV, I, and III were located next to gutters. In conclusion, this study identified several factors that could compromise the quality of street foods sold in

关键词： Factors Source Contamination Street Food Bamako

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Gastrointestinal Ulcers Treatment: Plants and Recipes Used by herbalists of Abomey-Calavi and Cotonou Districts, Southern Benin

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第9期15卷 699-725页

作者： Brice Dangnon Durand Dah-Nouvlessounon Sêmassa Mohamed Ismaël Hoteyi Abdelmalick Abdelrahman Moubachar Abdelkerim Mahamat Nicodème Worou Chabi Sina Haziz Farid Baba-Moussa adol.he adjanohoun Lamine Baba-Moussa Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Faculty of Science and Technology University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Markers in Nutrition Laboratory of Research in Applied Biology Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Technologie Alimentaire Faculty of Science and Technology University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bnin Cotonou Benin

This study set out to identify plants and recipes used by herbalists in the municipalities of Abomey-Calavi and Cotonou to treat gastrointestinal ulcers and to characterize the distribution of their knowledge. An ethno-pharmacological survey was carried out in which informants who agreed freely were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. A total of 85 herbalists were surveyed. The data were processed with Microsoft Excel to calculate the relative frequencies of citation of the various species mentioned by the herbalists and various indices including Simpson’s Index were adapted to test the distribution of their knowledge. Multiple regression and correspondence analysis were performed using R studio. Our results revealed that the Dendi, Ifè and Mina, all equitable in their knowledge of anti-ulcer plants, are likely to know more than the other ethnic groups. On the other hand, respondents practicing Islam are more likely to know many antiulcer plants than those practicing Vodoun and Christianity. This constant distribution of knowledge of anti-ulcer plants among the Dendi, Ifè and Mina, three different ethnic groups seems normal and attests to the fusion between these different ethnic groups in view of this knowledge. A total of 70 anti-ulcer recipes, made from 71 species of medicinal plants or non-floristic resources were recorded. Vitellaria paradoxa, Parkia biglobosa and Ocimum gratissimum were the top 03 most frequently cited in descending order of frequency. All the species cited are grouped into 44 botanical families among which the Fabaceae, Lamiaceae and Sapotaceae were strongly represented. Benin’s flora abounds in a diversity of medicinal plant species known to herbalists in Abomey-Calavi and Cotonou for the treatment of gastrointestinal ulcers. The results of this study constitute a good archive for the selection of plant species for in-depth studies with a view to formulating improved traditional medicines for gastrointestinal ulcers.

关键词： Gastrointestinal Ulcer Ethnomedicine herbalist Nature Plant Material

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Factors Contributing to Contamination of Street Foods in Bamako, Mali

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Food and Nutrition Sciences（食品与营养科学） 2024年第3期 199页

作者： Demba Dembele Mamadou Wele Bawa Boya Haziz Sina Basile Boni Saka Konmy adol.he adjanohoun Lamine Baba-Moussa

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Genetic Variability of the Mitochondrial DNA in Honeybees （Apis mellifera L.） from Benin

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2017年第8期7卷 557-566页

作者： Aude Kelomey Armand Paraiso Haziz Sina helene Legout adol.he adjanohoun Lionel Gamery Lamine Baba-Moussa Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology Faculty of Sciences and Techniques University of Abomey-Calavi05 P.O. Box 1604 Cotonou Benin Laboratory of Bees Pathology Parasitology and Plant Protection (LAPPAB) University of Parakou P.O. Box 123 ParakouBenin Laboratory of Evolution Genomes and Speciation (EGCE) French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS)Gif-sur- Yvette 91190 France Centre de Recherche Agricole Sud Institut National des Recherche Agricoles du Benin Attogon P.O. Box 884 Cotonou Benin

The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic variability in bees Apis mellifera from Benin by using mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） as a molecular marker in their cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and II （COI-COI1） intergenic region. A total of 304 bee colonies were sampled in 27 municipalities of the cashew growing area of Benin. These samples were analyzed by the cleaved amplified polymorphisms technique for determining the haplotypes of subspecies present in the sampled population. Eight PCR-RFLP profiles of African lineage A were then identified in the 304 samples of bees investigated. Forty-nine percent （49%） of the samples showed the profile of haplotype A1 （subspecies adansonii of Zambia）, 40% of haplotype A4 （subspecies scutellata of South Africa） and 3% of haplotype A 19 （subspecies adansonii of Guinea）. Five other haplotypes of the African branch （A） that had been described in a previous study were also identified： new 1 （2%）, new 2 （2%）, new 3 （1%）, new 4 （2%） and new 5 （1%）. This study showed that A. rnellifera from Benin belonged only to lineage A with the predominance of haplotypes AI and A4. This study will contribute to the development of coherent policies for conservation of local bees in Benin.

关键词： Apis mellifera adansonii mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit Ⅰ and Ⅱ African lineage Benin.

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Physical and Technological Parameters of Maize Varieties (Zea mays L.) Grown in the Southern Parts of Benin and the Influence of Chemical Composition

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2016年第14期7卷 1386-1400页

作者： Josiane Adjobignon Semassa Victor Bienvenu Anihouvi adol.he adjanohoun Wilfrid Padonou Joachim Gbénou Lamine Baba-Moussa Laboratoire des Sciences des Aliments Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin Laboratoire de Biologie et de Typage Moléculaire en Microbiologie Département de Biochimie et de Biologie Cellulaire Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin Centre de Recherches Agricoles Sud Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin Attogon Bénin Programme Technologie Agricole et Alimentaire Centre de Recherches Agricoles d’Agonkanmey Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin Abomey-Calavi Bénin Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie et des huiles essentielles Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin

Objective: The study aims to investigate some physical and technological parameters of varieties of maize collected from the most representative areas of maize production in the southern part of Benin, and mainly used by the populations of those areas. Method: The chemical composition, physical and technological characteristics of the grains were determined using standard methods. Results: The results showed that the weight of 1000 grains ranges from 158.01 to 305.12 g, the length from 0.79 to 1.81 cm, the average width from 0.74 to 1.51 cm, thickness from 0.36 to 0.85 cm and density from 1.07 to 1.25. Regarding the technological parameters, the hardness of the grains before and after cooking was between 16.78 and 47.20 kgf, and 0.23 and 0.71 kgf respectively, while the cooking time varies from 71.00 and 158.33 mn. There was a positive and significant correlation (r = 0.405;p he hardness after cooking and the weight of 1000 grains, between the hardness after cooking and grain width (r = 0.460;p he hardness after cooking and the grain length, between the hardness after cooking and the thickness of grain (r = 0.476, p he grain density and the weight of 1000 grains (r = 0.481, p he width and thickness (r = 0.764, p he other hand, a significant negative correlation (r = -0.394, p he hardness before cooking and the thickness and between the hardness before cooking and sphericity index (r = -0465*, p Conclusion: Through its chemical and technological characteristics the maize constitutes an important raw material for many culinary recipes in West African region.

关键词： Maize Physical Characteristics Technological Parameters Chemical Parameters

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Morphological and Structural Study of Native Kidneys in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients on Dialysis Compared to Non-Dialysis Patients

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2020年第4期10卷 348-360页

作者： Jacques Vigan Patricia Ahouansou Yekpe Sonia adjanohoun Séraphin Ahoui Bruno Leopold Agboton Hosana Kpoviessi SM Olivier Biaou Nephrology and hemodialysis Academic Clinic National University Hospital Center Hubert K Maga (CNHU-HKM) of Cotonou Cotonou Benin CNHU-HKM Medical Imaging Center Cotonou Benin Nephrology healthcare Center Borgou Regional Hospital Parakou Benin

Whether on dialysis or not, native kidneys in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergo morphological and structural changes. Objective: To study native kidney morphometric and structural aspects in CKD patients on dialysis and non-dialysis patients. Methods: It was a descriptive, analytical, and cross-sectional study conducted from May to December 2018. The study enrolled CKD patients on dialysis or not followed at CNHU-HKM in Cotonou. Renal ultrasound was performed to locate cysts and uroscanner completed in the presence of atypical cysts. Through logistic regression, associated factors were determined. Results: The sample size was 240 patients, of which 151 (62.9%) were receiving dialysis and 89 (37.1%) non-dialysis patients. Male subjects were predominant (sex ratio = 1.5). The average size of the right kidney, expressed in mm in patients on dialysis was: pole-to-pole length = 78.56;width = 42.06;cortical thickness = 11.80;and the left kidney: pole-to-pole length = 79.76;width = 41.53;cortical thickness = 12.6. For non-dialysis patients, the following size was recorded for the right kidney: pole-to-pole length = 92.35;width = 47.61;cortical thickness = 15.64;and left kidney: length = 92.13;width = 47.82;cortical thickness = 15.43. Predictive factors for the occurrence of acquired renal cysts were: old age (p = 0.0001), dialysis (p Conclusion: CKD patients on dialysis have small kidneys and are more likely to develop acquired renal cysts. There is a need to carry out an annual ultrasound screening for native kidneys in patients receiving dialysis.

关键词： Chronic Kidney Disease Dialysis Acquired Renal Cysts

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Genetic Diversity of Maize Accessions (Zea mays L.) Cultivated from Benin Using Microsatellites Markers

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2016年第1期6卷 12-24页

作者： Hafiz A. Salami Kamirou Chabi Sika Wilfrid Padonou Djima Aly Chabi Yallou adol.he adjanohoun Simeon Kotchoni Lamine Baba-Moussa Laboratoire de Biologie et de Typage Moléculaire en Microbiologie Département de Biochimie et de Biologie Cellulaire Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin Programme de Technologie Agricole (PTAA) Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin (INRAB) Porto-Novo Bénin Centre de Recherches Agricoles Sud Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin (INRAB) Cotonou Bénin Centre de Recherches Agricoles Nord Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin (INRAB) Ina Bénin Departement of Biology Rutgers University Camden USA

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the major cereal cultivated in Benin and it is important to know its genetic diversity to improve the yield. The genetic markers of important traits are evaluated in order to improve the maize inbred lines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of Benin’s maize accessions by SSR marker. Thus, one hundred eighty seven maize accessions from three areas (South, Center and North) were analyzed using three SSR markers. A total of 227 polymorphic bands were produced and showed high genetic diversity (Shannon index = 0.51). The polymorphic information content (PIC) values for the SSR loci ranged from 0.58 to 0.81, with an average of 0.71. Genetic distance-based UPGMA dendrogram showed a genetic differentiation between accessions and they were grouped into four clusters in each area. This work provides necessary information that can be used not only to improve the maize production and conservation but also to better manage genetic species resources in Benin.

关键词： SSR PCR Molecular Characterization LZea mays L. Benin

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Assessment of Treatment from the National Laboratory of Cholera Patients in Benin: Retro-Prospective and Prospective Study

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Advances in Microbiology 2020年第9期10卷 443-455页

作者： Bawa Boya Théodora A. Ahoyo Victorien T. Dougnon Haziz Sina Odilon Nonfodji Wassiyath Moussé adol.he adjanohoun Lamine Baba-Moussa Laboratoire de Biologie et de Typage Moléculaire en Microbiologie (LBTMM). University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Génie de Biologie Humaine/Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey-Calavi (EPAC) University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Unité de Recherche en Microbiologie Application et Pharmacologie des substances Naturelles (URMAPha) University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Benin Cotonou Benin

Cholera is re-emerging as an infectious disease with an increase in its overall incidence in Africa since 2008. To analyze the epidemiological aspects of the cholera outbreak in endemic areas in Benin. The study is a retrospective investigation on 2560 data of cholera patients received in health facilities from 2012 to 2016 in Benin. Besides, a prospective study was conducted. This prospective study includes 513 person (health professionals, community workers and people exposed to cholera) of five different areas of the country. It was conducted from April 10 to May 10, 2017. A survey was conducted over 513 in order to collect data on cholera symptoms, hygiene guidelines suggested by the respondents, excreta disposal, drinking water, household waste management and direct observation. Software R 3.4.0 was used for simple correspondence factor analysis (CFA). From 2012 to 2016, 16.48% of samples were taken and 48.34% were positive for Vibrio cholera O1, El Tor biotype, Ogawa serotypes. The Littoral area is leading in the number of cases (33.83%) followed by Atlantic (23.75%), Ouémé (16.79%) and Colline (8.91%). The survey revealed that the exposed populations are unaware of the symptoms of cholera and do not perceive the quality of drinking water as a strong guidance in the prevention of cholera. Nevertheless, the majority of respondents (86%) are aware for the best times to wash their hands and know that they need to go to hospital in case of symptoms. Our study highlights the persistence of vulnerability factors to cholera in the targeted population, despite a good knowledge of prevention rules among staff and the population.

关键词： Cholera Hygiene Guidelines Practices and Preventions Benin

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Morphological Diversity of Corn’s (<i>Zea mays</i>L.) Local Cultivar and Improved Varieties in Central and North of Benin

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第18期6卷 2867-2877页

作者： Hafiz A. Salami adol.he adjanohoun Wilfrid Padonou Abdoul-Madjidou Yacoubou Djima Aly Chabi Yallou Haziz Sina Lamine Baba-Moussa Laboratoire de Biologie et de Typage Moléculaire en Microbiologie Département de Biochimie et de Biologie Cellulaire Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin Centre de Recherches Agricoles Sud Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin (INRAB) Attogon Benin Programme Technologie Agricole et Alimentaire (PTAA) Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin (INRAB) Porto-Novo Benin Centre de Recherches Agricoles Nord Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin (INRAB) N’dali Benin

The better knowledge of a plant genetic biodiversity is based on a prior study of its agro-morphological characteristics. The objective of this study was to investigate the morphological diversity of maize accessions and its structure on the basis of 14 variables. For the experimentation, 43 and 98 maize accessions were planted in three replicates respectively in central and northern Benin following an incomplete randomized block. The mixed model analysis of two factors variance revealed a significant difference for all accessions considering each agro-morphological characteristic evaluated except the germination day of two areas seed accessions. The numerical classification grouped the accessions into four groups in each zone. The stepwise discriminant analysis showed that early characters related to plant height and ear insertion were the variables that discriminated accessions in both zones. Maturity and recovery ears, sensitivity to streak and the germination days are the variables that discriminate accessions of the two areas. These results provide a database for the creation of improved maize varieties that meet the needs of

关键词： Accessions Characterization Agro-Morphological Zea mays L. Benin

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Status of Techniques Used to Control Moulds in Maize Storage in Africa

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Agricultural Sciences 2022年第1期13卷 49-64页

作者： Halfane Lehmane Rafiatou Ba Durand Dah-Nouvlessounon Haziz Sina Gautier Roko Farid T. Bade Akim Socohou adol.he adjanohoun Lamine Baba-Moussa Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Faculty of Sciences and Techniques University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin Cotonou Benin

In Benin, the preservation of maize is a real problem involving important physical and chemical properties losses. Physical losses are due by rodents, pests and insects and chemical losses are mainly due to fungal infection. Several methods, products and practices are used by farmers to overcome these problems. The methods used do not always control the losses caused by fungal infection. The objective of the study was to make a bibliographic synthesis of the impacts induced by the items, practices and methods used to overcome the chemical losses of maize. In the search for information, the library of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries was consulted;the archives of the library of the University of Abomey-Calavi and the National Institute of Agricultural Research of Benin were also consulted. Thus, chemicals such as sofagrain, Pyrimiphos-Methyl, Thiamethoxam, Pyrimiphos-Methyl, Permethrin, Deltamethrin, fumigant are used to control physical attacks on maize. Ash and plants species such as neem tree (Azadirachta indica) are generally used for the preservation and storage of maize seeds. In addition, chemicals such as arsenious anhydride and zinc phosphide are used for the preservation of corn. The use of these molecules and chemical products has negative impacts on human health and the environment. Of all the methods used, no treatment is still popularized for the reduction of the chemical losses caused by the fungal infection in corn storage.

关键词： Impact Aflatoxins Cereals Conservation Africa

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