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Importance and Role of Biodiversity and Tropical Forests in the Cultural, Socio-Economic and Religious Life of African Black People： Case of Benin

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2017年第6期6卷 312-322页

作者： adjovi edmond codjo Amadji Togbe Armel Olodo Emmanuel Department of Civil Engineering Polytechnical School of Abomey-Calavi The University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi 01-2009 Benin Department of Civil Engineering School of Bulding Science and Technology and Road The National University of SciencesTechnologies Engineering and Mathematics Abomey 243 Benin Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Polytechnical School of Abomey-Calavi The University of Abomey-CalaviAbomey-Calavi 01-2009 Benin

Biodiversity and tropical forests play a fundamental role in the life of the black people of Africa. In Benin, while some aspects of this role are well-documented, others are barely known. Moreover, these information remains so far very scattered through the literature which does not allow to have a global view on the contribution of biodiversity and forests to the life of people. In this work, it is presented the role of forests and biological diversity in the main vital areas of life of populations in south of Benin. The methodology used was based, with regard to the field, on bibliographical research, observation and/or field stakeholder survey. Investigations are more particularly focused on hardwood lumber uses and the species that are significantly used. The results highlight the uses that are made of vegetal elements of biological diversity and timber as forest products in south of Benin. The main areas explored are animist or traditional religion and traditional medicine, as well as socio-cultural and economic life. In this latter area, the most used timber species and their uses are identified; these include furniture, light carpentry, sculpture, formwork, canoe construction, drums and mortar making.

关键词： Biodiversity forest areas of life African populations wood

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Experimental Analysis of Hydraulic Conductivity for Saturated Granular Soils

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Geomaterials 2023年第3期13卷 71-90页

作者： Ahlinhan Marx Ferdinand Djenou B. Dorothée adjovi edmond codjo Laboratory of Study and Test in Civil Engineering (L2EGC) National High School of Public Works (ENSTP) National University of Sciences Technologies Engineering and Mathematics (UNSTIM) Abomey Republic of Benin

Hydraulic conductivity is the ability of a porous media to transfer water through its pore matrix. That is a key parameter for the design and analysis of soil fluid associated structures and issues. This paper presents the test results of the vertical hydraulic conductivity kv carried out on one poorly graded sand and three gap graded gravely sand. It was found that the vertical hydraulic conductivity of saturated soil depends on the grain size distribution curve, on the initial relative density of the soil. Compilation of these current test results and other test results published, shows that the common approaches predict well to some extent the vertical hydraulic conductivity kv for the poorly graded sand materials and underestimate the kv values for gap graded gravely sand materials. Therefore, new approaches are developed for the prediction of the vertical hydraulic conductivity in saturated poorly graded sand and gap graded gravely sand. The derived results from the new approaches lie in the range of the recommended values by (EAU 2012) and (NAVFAC DM 7 1974).

关键词： Permeability Hydraulic Conductivity Tests Saturated Granular Soils Prediction Approaches

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Use of Additive Based on Non-Timber Forest Products for the Ecological Stabilization of Raw Earth:Case of the Parkia Biglobosa Nut and Vitellaria Paradoxa

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2023年第12期11卷 4143-4160页

作者： Bio Chéïssou Koto Tamou Jean-Michel Mechling Crespin Prudence Yabi Gildas EdjrossèF.Godonou edmond codjo adjovi Mohamed Gibigaye AndréLecomte Nicolas Brosse L2EGC-Laboratory of Studies and Tests in Civil Engineering University of SciencesTechnologyEngineeringand MathematicsAbomeyBenin IJL-Jean Lamour Institute University of LorraineNancyFrance LEMA-Laboratory of Energetics and Applied Mechanics University of Abomey-CalaviAbomey-CalaviBenin LERMAB-Study and Research Laboratory on Wood Material University of LorraineNancyFrance

The housing sector today uses elaborate materials such as cement,iron,sand,often prohibitively expensive and whose production generates a strong environmental impact(scarcity of resources,transport,greenhouse gas greenhouse,etc.).In order to meet the challenges of sustainable development,earth construction is experiencing a resurgence of interest these *** its many advantages,raw earth material has drawbacks,in particular its low mechanical resistance and its loss of geometric characteristics in the face of water,which slow down its *** part of this study,the mechanical characteristics and durability of raw earth were improved by using residual water from the processing of Parkia Biglobosa(nere)and Vitellaria Paradoxa(shea)nuts in order to optimize its use for the construction of modern *** this end,the decoctions resulting from the artisanal transformation of the nut of the Parkia Biglobosa into African mustard and of the Vitellaria Paradoxa into shea butter were added to the raw earth according to volume proportions of 25%,50%,75%and 100%of the aqueous solution to obtain the projected ***,mechanical characterization and durability tests were carried out on the composites *** results revealed that the decoctions of Vitellaria Paradoxa and Parkia Biglobosa improve the compressive strength of the material by up to 90%and 260%,***,these decoctions improved the resistance to water penetration of the 100%additive composite by 1.5 times for Vitellaria Paradoxa and 5 times for Parkia *** study shows that it is possible to use decoctions as raw earth stabilizers to build modern,ecological buildings at lower energy ***,more in-depth studies on surface wettability and long-term durability are planned to better characterize the geomaterial.

关键词： Raw earth organic additive adobe Vitellaria Paradoxa Parkia Biglobosa durability

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Assessment of the Internal Instability for Granular Soils Subjected to Seepage

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2016年第6期4卷 46-55页

作者： Marx Ferdinand Ahlinhan Marius Bocco Koube codjo edmond adjovi Ecole des Sciences et Techniques du Batiment et de la Route (ESTBR) Université Polytechnique d’Abomey (UPA) Abomey Benin

The knowledge of the internal stability of granular soils is a key factor for the design of granular and filter for the geotechnical infrastructures such as dykes, barrages, weirs and roads embankment. To evaluate the internal instability of granular soils different criteria are generally used in the practice. However, the results of these criteria on the same soil may lead to different evaluations of the internal instability. In this paper the common criteria used for the internal instability have been presented and compared as far as possible. It was found that the most internal instability criteria define a limit value for the secant slope of the grain size distribution curve of the granular soils. Based on this finding an own criterion for the evaluation of the internal instability of granular soil has been developed and compared to the common criteria. A very good agreement between some criteria was found. Furthermore, a site specific assessment for the evaluation of the internal instability of granular soil has been proposed in order to get more confidence in this evaluation.

关键词： Internal Instability Granular Soils Seepage Dams Dykes Site Specific Assessment Instability Index

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Wastewater Management in Third World Cities: Case Study of Cotonou, Benin

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2014年第5期5卷 387-399页

作者： Sena Peace Hounkpe edmond codjo adjovi Martin Crapper Esi Awuah Civil Engineering Department Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Department of Civil Engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana School of Engineering The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK

Poor wastewater management coupled with lack of sanitation facilities has aggravated the sanitation challenges in developing countries.?This study was aimed at providing information on the current state of sanitation in Cotonou City through surveys. The most common sanitation facilities in the city were septic tanks, latrines and soakaway pits. Mechanical desulging was mainly used (94%) for desludging latrines and septic tanks with a frequency of less than once a year for 73% of the houses;manual desludging was most common for soakaway pits. 84% of sullage generated is disposed without treatment. The only existing stabilization pond plant, managed by a private company SIBEAU, is overloaded;the effluent is poor (up to 2250mg/l BOD5) and does not meet any quality standards. 96% of survey respondents recognise that the sanitation situation in the city is not good;it has to be improved by providing an appropriate and sustainable sanitation management system.

关键词： Urban Sanitation Septic tanks Soakaway Pits Latrines Desludging Wastewater Treatment Developing World Cities

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Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Stress Condition in Unstable Soil

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2016年第3期6卷 370-380页

作者： Marx Ferdinand Ahlinhan Emmanuel Kokou Wouya Yvette Kiki Tankpinou Marius Bocco Koube codjo edmond adjovi School of Sciences and Technologies for Building and Road (ESTBR) Polytechnic University of Abomey (UPA) Abomey Benin Institute University of Technology Lokossa (IUT) University of Lokossa Lokossa Benin

In unstable soils, a special erosion process termed suffusion can occur under the effect of relatively low hydraulic gradient. The critical hydraulic gradient of an unstable soil is smaller than in stable soils, which is described by a reduction factor α. According to a theory of Skempton and Brogan (1994) [1], this reduction factor is related to the stress conditions in the soil. In an unstable soil, the average stresses acting in the fine portion are believed to be smaller than the average stresses in the coarse portion. It is assumed that the stress ratio and the reduction factor for the hydraulic gradient are almost equal. In order to prove this theory, laboratory tests and discrete element modelings are carried out. Models of stable and unstable soils are established, and the stresses inside the sample are analysed. It is found that indeed in unstable soils the coarse grains are subject to larger stresses. The stress ratios in stable soils are almost unity, whereas in unstable soils smaller stress ratios, which are dependent on the soil composition and on the relative density of the soil, are obtained. A comparison between the results of erosion tests and numerical modeling shows that the stress ratios and the reduction factors are strongly related, as assumed by Skempton and Brogan (1994) [1].

关键词： Unstable Soil Suffusion Hydraulic Gradient Stress Reduction Factor Laboratory Tests Discrete Element Modeling

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Influence of Some Plant Fibers on the Mechanical Performance of Composite Materials

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2023年第4期13卷 814-826页

作者： Serge Pierre Quenum Yvette S. Tankpinou Kiki Judicaël Koffi Agbelele Crespin Prudence Yabi edmond codjo adjovi Laboratoire de Procédés et d’Innovation Technologique UNSTIM Abomey Benin Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de l’Enseignement Technique UNSTIM Abomey Benin Laboratoire d’Etudes et d’Essais en Génie-Civil UNSTIM Abomey Benin

This work focused on the search for biobased materials capable of being used in road techniques as soil inclusions, and on studying the influence of their incorporation on the characteristic parameters of pavement layers. To this end, pineapple, cyperus and imperata plant fibers, due to their endemic availability, were used as reinforcement on sourced materials, notably bar soil, lateritic gravel and silty sand. Complete identification and mechanical tests (Proctor and CBR) were carried out on materials in their natural state (soil) and on composite materials (soil + plant fibers) in the laboratory to determine their classification in road geotechnics, their compaction parameters and their mechanical behavior. Firstly, the various types of 2.5 cm long fibers were incorporated into the different types of soil at mass contents of 1% and 2%. This part of the study showed that the pineapple fiber composite incorporated into class A2 bar soil offered the best results, with a 38% gain in CBR index compared with the natural soil. Pineapple fibers incorporated at 1% in lateritic gravel raise the CBR value of the reinforced soil to 10% of the CBR value of the natural soil and to 7% for silty sand.

关键词： Plant Fibers Soils Composite Materials Reinforcement

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Mineral Fertilization Influences the Acceptability of Fresh Pulp and Juice Made from Sugarloaf Pineapple

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Agricultural Sciences 2020年第3期11卷 342-353页

作者： Sabai Kate Elvire Line Sossa codjo Emile Agbangba Rodrigue Idohou edmond Sacla Aide Gbènoukpo Pierre Tovihoudji Brice Sinsin Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Benin CotonouBenin Laboratoire des Sciences du Sol Département de Production VégétaleUniversitéd’Abomey-CalaviCotonouBenin Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d’Estimations Forestières Universitéd’Abomey-CalaviCotonouBénin Laboratoire de Recherche en Biologie Appliquée Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey-CalaviUniversitéd’Abomey-CalaviCotonou Benin Ecole de Gestion et de Production Végétale et Semencière Université Nationale d’AgricultureKetouBenin Laboratory of Hydraulics and Environmental Modeling(HydroModE-Lab) Facultéd’AgronomieUniversitéde ParakouParakouBenin Laboratoire d’Ecologie Appliquée Universitéd’Abomey-CalaviCotonouBénin

Fertilization practices can influence the quality of pineapple fruit and consequently its acceptability by consumers who are increasingly oriented towards high quality agri-food products. This study aimed at evaluating the influence of N, P and K on some physico-chemical and organoleptic characteristics of pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr) for fresh consumption and juice processing. A complete NPK factorial design was installed in the south Benin. The treatments NPK in g plant-1 were randomized into four blocks: T1;T2;T3;T4;T5;T6;T7;T8;T9. Brix juice was determined using a refractometer and pH with a pH meter. An evaluation of sensory characteristics such as sweetness, acid taste and aroma of fresh pineapple pulp and processed juice was made by a panel of tasters selected and trained. A principal components analysis, followed by a numerical classification was performed on fruits’ sensory and physicochemical characteristics. Results showed that juice pH was significantly influenced by the phosphorus and potassium. Potassium influenced significantly juice yield. Some physico-chemical characteristics and sensory attributes were correlated between them and groups of treatments are formed for both the juice and the fresh fruit.

关键词： Ananas comosus Fertilizer Fruit Intensification Juice Sensory

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