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Ecology and Diversity of Bracket Fungi in Oak Dominated Forests of Nepal,Central Himalaya

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2025年第1期16卷 124-131页

作者： adhikari Hari Sharan Institute of Science and Technology Tribhuvan University(Amrit Campus)Kathmandu 44600Nepal

Bracket fungi(Polypores)are a morphologically distinct category of Agaricomycetes(Basidiomycota)that are important agents for decomposition and nutrient cycling in forest *** species composition and ecology of these fungi in particular forest ecosystems are overlooked in ***,the current study is aimed at assessing the diversity and distribution of bracket fungi in oak-dominated forests in the middle mountains of central *** field visits over a six-year period(2017-2022)were done at nine study sites of oak-dominated forests in Karnabhumi Community Forest(KCF)and Gumalchoki Community Forest(GCF)from Makawanpur and Kathmandu districts respectively.A total of 26 species of bracket fungi belonging to 17 genera and 8 families were *** majority of the bracket fungi are known to be saprobic,while Coltricia cinnamomea is the only mushroom found to be mycorrhizal based on its *** of the bracket fungi were found to be inedible,while Ganoderma lucidum,Laetiporus sulphureus,and Pycnoporus cinnabarinus were found to be *** diversity indices,such as the Shannon Weiner index and the Simpson diversity index,were found to be 0.26 and 0.53 in GCF,respectively,and 0.17 and 0.35 in *** suggest that Oak dominated forests harbor considerable diversity of bracket fungi such that conservation of these forests is necessary.

关键词： ectomycorrhizal fungi hardwood fungi polypores Quercus forest shelf fungi wild mushroom

A Computational Modeling on Flow Bifurcation and Energy Distribution through a Loosely Bent Rectangular Duct with Vortex Structure

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Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer 2025年第1期23卷 249-278页

作者： Rabindra Nath Mondal Giulio Lorenzini Sidhartha Bhowmick Sreedham Chandra adhikari Department of Mathematics Jagannath University Dhaka 1100 Bangladesh Department of Industrial Systems and Technologies Engineering University of Parma Parma 43124 Italy Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Monash University Melbourne VIC 3800 Australia

The present study investigates the non-isothermal flow and energy distribution through a loosely bent rectangular duct using a spectral-based numerical approach over a wide range of the Dean number 0 < D n ≤ 3000 . Unlike previous research, this work offers novel insights by conducting a grid-point-specific velocity analysis and identifying new bifurcation structures. The study reveals how centrifugal and buoyancy forces interact to produce steady, periodic, and chaotic flow regimes significantly influencing heat transfer performance. The Newton-Raphson method is employed to explore four asymmetric steady branches, with vortex solutions ranging from 2- to 12 vortices. Unsteady flow characteristics are analyzed exquisitely by performing time-advancement of the solutions and the flow regimes are shown as a percentage of total flow with longitudinal vortex generation. Axial flow, secondary flow, and temperature profiles have been depicted in accordance with Dn to wander the flow pattern, and it is predicted that the time-dependent flow (TDF) consists of asymmetric 2- to 10-vortex solutions. The significant findings of this study include the axial displacement of the circulations due to the influence of the time-varying temperature dispersal applied along the wall. Chaotic flows, which dominate the higher Dean number range, are shown to enhance heat convection due to increased fluid mixing. A detailed comparison with prior research demonstrates the advantages of this approach, particularly in capturing complex non-linear behaviors. The findings of this study provide practical guidelines for optimizing duct designs to maximize heat transfer and suggest future research directions, such as using nanofluids or studying Magneto-hydrodynamics in the same configuration.

关键词： Bending duct steady solutions time-advancement energy distribution vortex

Characterization and correlation of engineering properties with microstructure in peanuts:A microscopic to macroscopic analysis

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2025年第1期24卷 339-352页

作者： Fei Xiang Zhenyuan Li Yichen Zheng Caixia Ding Benu adhikari Xiaojie Ma Xuebing Xu Jinjin Zhu Bello Zaki Abubakar Aimin Shi Hui Hu Qiang Wang Institute of Food Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Comprehensive Utilization Laboratory of Cereal and Oil ProcessingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100193China Wilmar(Shanghai)Biotechnology Research&Development Center Co. Ltd.Shanghai 200137China School of Science RMIT UniversityMelbourne 3083VICAustralia School of Food Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Jiangsu Modern Food Circulation and Safety Collaborative Innovation CenterNanjing 210023China College of Food Science and Pharmacy Xinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqi 830052China Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development Faculty of AgricultureUsmanu Danfodiyo UniversitySokoto 840101Nigeria

Peanut varieties are diverse globally,with their characters and nutrition determining the product ***,the comparative analysis and statistical analysis of key quality indicators for peanut kernels across the world remains relatively limited,impeding the comprehensive evaluation of peanut quality and hindering the industry development on a global *** study aimed to compare and analyze the apparent morphology,microstructure,single-cell structure,engineering and mechanical properties,as well as major nutrient contents of peanut kernels from 10 different cultivars representing major peanut-producing *** surface and cross-section microstructure of the peanut kernels exhibited a dense“blocky”appearance with a distinct cellular *** lipid droplets were predominantly spherical with a regular distribution within the *** single-cell structure of the kernels from these 10 peanut cultivars demonstrated varying morphologies and dimensions,which exhibited correlations with their mechanical and engineering ***,the mass loss versus temperature profiles of the peanut kernels revealed five distinct stages,corresponding to moisture loss,volatile loss,protein denaturation,and the degradation of various *** were also observed in the lipid,protein,and sucrose contents,texture,bulk density,true density,porosity,geometric mean diameter,and sphericity among the diferent peanut *** study establishes relationships and correlations among microstructure,engineering properties,and nutritional composition of commonly grown peanut varieties in major peanut-processing *** findings provide valuable insights into peanut quality evaluation,empowering the peanut industry to enhance their processing and product development efforts.

关键词： peanut kernels apparent morphology microstructure engineering properties mechanical properties

Chyle leak following root of mesentery dissection in pancreaticoduodenectomy with inferior infracolic superior mesenteric artery first approach

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第8期13卷 8-14页

作者： Prabir Maharjan Sujan Regmee Spandan D adhikari Rabin Pahari Roshan Ghimire Dhiresh K Maharjan Suman K Shrestha Prabin B Thapa Department of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching HospitalKathmandu 44600Nepal

BACKGROUND The root of mesentery dissection is one of the critical maneuvers,especially in borderline resectable pancreatic head ***-abdominal chyle leak(CL)including chylous ascites may ensue in up to 10%of patients after pancreatic *** recognized superior mesenteric artery(SMA)first approaches are invariably *** mesenteric dissection through the inferior infracolic approach has been discussed in this study emphasizing its post-operative impact on CL which is the cornerstone of this *** To assess incidence,risk factors,clinical impact of CL following root of mesentery dissection,and the different treatment *** This is a retrospective study incorporating the patients who underwent dissection of the root of mesentery with inferior infracolic SMA first approach pancreat-oduodenectomy for the ventral body and uncinate mass of pancreas in the Department of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery of Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital from January 1,2021 to February 28,***-erative findings and postoperative outcomes were *** In three years,ten patients underwent root of mesentery dissection with inferior infracolic SMA first approach *** mean age was 67.6 years with a male-to-female ratio of 4:*** was seen in four *** virtue of CL,Clavien-Dindo grade Ⅱ or higher morbidity was observed in four *** patients had a hospital stay of more than 20 days with the former having a delayed gastric emptying and the latter with long-term total parenteral nutrition *** mean operative time was 330 *** resection was achieved in 100%of the *** mean duration of the intensive care unit and hospital stay were 2.55±1.45 days and 15.7±5.32 days,*** Root of mesentery dissection with lymphadenectomy and vascular resection correlated with occurrence of *** complete curative resection,these were managed with tota

关键词： Chyle leak Chylous ascites Clavien-Dindo Pancreatoduodenectomy Root of mesentery dissection Superior mesenteric artery first approach Total parenteral nutrition Uncinate mass Vascular resection Ventral body mass

Revisiting the ODE Method for Recursive Algorithms:Fast Convergence Using Quasi Stochastic Approximation

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2021年第5期34卷 1681-1702页

作者： CHEN Shuhang DEVRAJ adithya BERSTEIN Andrey MEYN Sean Department of Mathematics University of FloridaGainesville FL32605USA Stanford University Stanford CA94305USA NREL Golden CO80401USA University of Florida Gainesville FL32605USA

Several decades ago,*** Meyn and Lei Guo were postdoctoral fellows at ANU,where they shared interest in recursive *** seems fitting to celebrate Lei Guo’s 60 th birthday with a review of the ODE Method and its recent evolution,with focus on the following themes:The method has been regarded as a technique for algorithm *** is argued that this viewpoint is backwards:The original stochastic approximation method was surely motivated by an ODE,and tools for analysis came much later(based on establishing robustness of Euler approximations).The paper presents a brief survey of recent research in machine learning that shows the power of algorithm design in continuous time,following by careful approximation to obtain a practical recursive *** these methods are usually presented in a stochastic setting,this is not a *** fact,recent theory shows that rates of convergence can be dramatically accelerated by applying techniques inspired by quasi *** to conditions,the optimal rate of convergence can be obtained by applying the averaging technique of Polyak and *** conditions are not universal,but theory suggests alternatives to achieve *** theory is illustrated with applications to gradient-free optimization,and policy gradient algorithms for reinforcement learning.

关键词： Learning and adaptive systems in artificial intelligence reinforcement learning stochastic approximation

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided portal pressure gradient measurement in managing portal hypertension

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2023年第6期15卷 1033-1039页

作者： Cosmas Rinaldi adithya Lesmana Internal Medicine Hepatobiliary DivisionDr.Cipto Mangunkusumo National General HospitalUniversitas IndonesiaJakarta 10430DKIIndonesia Digestive Disease&GI Oncology Center Medistra HospitalJakarta 12950DKIIndonesia Gastrointestinal Cancer Center MRCCC Siloam Semanggi HospitalJakarta 12930DKIIndonesia

Portal hypertension(PH)is still a challenging clinical condition due to its silent manifestations in the early stage and needs to be measured accurately for early *** vein pressure gradient measurement has been considered as the gold standard measurement for PH;however,it needs special skill,experience,and high ***,there has been an innovative development in using endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)for the diagnosis and management of liver diseases,including portal pressure measurement,which is commonly known as EUS-guided portal pressure gradient(EUS-PPG)***-PPG measurement can be performed concomitantly with EUS evaluation for deep esophageal varices,EUS-guided liver biopsy,and EUS-guided cyanoacrylate ***,there are still major issues,such as different etiologies of liver disease,procedural training,expertise,availability,and cost-effectiveness in several situations with regard to the standard management.

关键词： Portal hypertension Hepatic vein Endoscopic ultrasound Portal pressure

Machine learning modeling for proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance

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Energy and AI 2022年第4期10卷 1-16页

作者： adithya Legala Jian Zhao Xianguo Li Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering University of WaterlooWaterlooOntario N2L 3G1 Canada

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is considered essential for climate change mitigation, and a fast and accurate model is necessary for its control and operation in practical applications. In this study, various machine learning methods are used to develop data-based models for PEMFC performance attributes and internal states. Techniques such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machine Regressor (SVR) are used to predict the cell voltage, membrane resistance, and membrane hydration level for various operating conditions. Varying input features such as cell current, temperature, reactant pressures, and humidity are introduced to evaluate the accuracy of the model, especially under extreme conditions. Two different sets of data are considered in this study, which are acquired from, a physics-based semiempirical model and a 1-D reduced-dimension Computational Fluid Dynamics model, respectively. The aspect of data preprocessing and hyperparameter tuning procedures are investigated that are extensively used to calibrate the artificial neural network layers and support vector regressor to predict the fuel cell attributes. ANN clearly shows an advantage in comparison with SVR, especially on a multivariable output regression. However, the SVR is advantageous to model simple regressions as it greatly reduces the level of computation without sacrificing accuracy. Data-based models for PEMFC are successfully developed on both the data sets by adapting advanced modeling techniques and calibration procedures such as ANN incorporating the dropout technique, resulting in an R2 ≥ 0.99 for all the predicted variables, demonstrating the ability to build accurate data-based models solely on data from validated physics-based models, reducing the dependency on extensive experimentation.

关键词： Fuel cell Machine learning Artificial neural network Support vector machine regressor Data-based models

Hybrid data-based modeling for the prediction and diagnostics of Li-ion battery thermal behaviors

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Energy and AI 2022年第4期10卷 73-86页

作者： adithya Legala Xianguo Li Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering University of WaterlooWaterlooONN2L 3G1Canada

Lithium-ion battery (LIB) has been deployed for the electrification of the transport sector as a key strategy for climate change mitigation and adaptation. However, it has significant technical challenges such as thermal runaway, requiring a good understanding and accurate prediction of the LIB thermal behavior (heat generation rate). In this study, a novel hybrid approach using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is developed for predicting the heat generation rate with discharge current, output voltage, ambient temperature, cell surface temperature, and Depth of Discharge (DOD) as the feature vectors (inputs);where the DOD is estimated with an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), and direct Coulomb Counting (CC) method, respectively. A shallow neural network utilizing the Marquette-Levenberg algorithm is designed and calibrated using over 8000 cases of the testing data. It is shown that the predicted heat generation rate of LIB agrees well with the experimental results with an accuracy of R > 0.995. Further potential of this hybrid data-based model is evaluated by simulating a thermal management system control and by introducing voltage and current sensor faults for diagnostic purposes. It is shown that, when compared to the experimental value, the relative error of the total heat output generated is less than 2% when there is no sensor fault, and greater than 50% and 25%, respectively, with an induced failure of the current and voltage sensor, demonstrating the ability to build accurate models relying solely on LIB discharge data for sensor diagnostics. This study highlights the combination of using battery thermal behavior with machine learning for real time battery system monitoring, controls and field diagnostics.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries Artificial neural network Heat generation Kalman filter Energy storage

Modified Parabolic Extrapolation Based Maximum Power Point Tracking of Thermoelectric Generator for Dynamic Conditions

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Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering 2024年第4期10卷 97-105页

作者： adithya Chepuru Saravanakumar Rajendran Prabhakaran Koothu Kesavan School of Electrical and Electronic Technological University DublinDublin D15YV78Ireland Department of Electrical Engineering University of Santiago of ChileSantiago 9170022Chile Renewable Energy Laboratory Prince Sultan UniversityRiyadh 11586Saudi Arabia

A thermoelectric generator (TEG) is a one of thermo electric conversion device that operates based on the heat difference between the two surfaces of a device. In a TEG, the power generation varies owing to various ambiences, sources, and loads. These variables make it difficult to draw available power from the device, leading to poor utilization of the TEG. To overcome these drawbacks, maximum power tracking technique (MPPT) can be employed in TEG. A modified PEMPPT scheme is developed to track the maximum power point (MPP) when there is a change in the operating conditions, and is based on a parabolic curve of the power current characteristics of the TEG. The proposed algorithm is developed by considering two features. First, the reduction in tracking time by a sample compared with the PEMPPT algorithm by considering a new shifted point as the first duty. Second, the sign of the voltage is checked to limit the voltage, current, and power by applying the next duties close to the MPP. The proposed system is simulated and experimentally verified using a laboratory prototype. The simulation and experimental results show that the tracking time of the proposed algorithm is almost 3/4th of PEMPPT.

关键词： Thermoelectric generator parabolic extrapolation maximum power point tracking duty ratio