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Associations of accelerometry-measured and self-reported physical activity and sedentary behavior with skeletal muscle energetics:The Study of Muscle,Mobility and Aging(SOMMA)

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Journal of Sport and health Science 2024年第5期13卷 621-630页

作者： Yujia(Susanna)Qiao Terri L.Blackwell Peggy M.Cawthon Paul M.Coen Steven R.Cummings Giovanna Distefano Samaneh Farsijani Daniel E.Forman bret h.Goodpaster Stephen B.Kritchevsky Theresa Mau Frederico G.S.Toledo Anne B.Newman Nancy W.Glynn Department of Epidemiology School of Public HealthUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261USA San Francisco Coordinating Center California Pacific Medical Center Research InstituteSan FranciscoCA 94143USA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA 94143USA Translational Research Institute AdventHealthOrlandoFL 32804USA Department of Medicine(Geriatrics and Cardiology) University of Pittsburghand GeriatricsResearchEducationand Clinical Center(GRECC)VA Pittsburgh Healthcare SystemPittsburghPA 15261USA Department of Internal Medicine Section on Gerontology and Geriatric MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemNC 27109USA Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15261USA

Background:Skeletal muscle energetics decline with age,and physical activity(PA)has been shown to offset these declines in older ***,many studies reporting these effects were based on self-reported PA or structured exercise ***,we examined the associations of accelerometry-measured and self-reported PA and sedentary behavior(SB)with skeletal muscle energetics and explored the extent to which PA and sedentary behavior would attenuate the associations of age with muscle ***:As part of the Study of Muscle,Mobility and Aging,enrolled older adults(n=879),810(age=76.4±5.0 years old,mean±SD;58%women)had maximal muscle oxidative capacity measured ex vivo via high-resolution re spirometry of permeabilized myofibers(maximal oxidative phosphorylation(maxOXPhOS))and in vivo by ^(31)phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy(maximal adenosine triphosphate(ATP_(max))).Accelerometry-measured sedentary behavior,light activity,and moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA)were assessed using a wrist-worn ActiGraph GT9X over 7 ***-reported sedentary behavior,MVPA,and all PA were assessed with the Community healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors(ChAMPS)*** regression models with progressive covariate adjustments evaluated the associations of sedentary behavior and PA with muscle energetics,as well as the attenuation of the age/muscle energetics association by MVP A and sedentary *** a sensitivity analysis,we also examined activPAL-measured daily step count and time spent in sedentary behavior and their associations with muscle ***:Every 30 min/day more of ActiGraph-measured MVPA was associated with 0.65 pmol/(s×mg)higher maxOXPhOS and 0.012 mM/s higher ATP_(max)after adjusting for age,site/technician,and sex(pht activity was not associated with maxOXPhOS or ATP_(max).Meanwhile,every 30 min/day spent in ActiGraph-measured sedentary behavior was associated with 0.39 pmol/s×mg lower maxOXPhOS and0.

关键词： Aging Exercise Mitochondria

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MOLECULAR AND SUPRAMOLECULAR ORDERING IN CONFINED ENVIRONMENTS

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2000年第4期18卷 287-300页

作者： Stephen Z.D.Cheng bret h.Calhoun Roderic P.Quirk Benjamin S.hsiao Maurice Morton Institute and Department of Polymer Science The University of Akron Akron Ohio 44325-3909 USAMaurice Morton Institute and Department of Polymer Science The University of Akron Akron Ohio 44325-3909 USAMaurice Morton Institute and Department of Polymer Science The University of Akron Akron Ohio 44325-3909 USADepartment of ChemistryThe State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook New York 11794-3400 USA

Crystal and phase morphologies and structures determined by self-organization of crystalline-amorphous diblockcopolymers, crystallization of the crystallizable blocks, and vitrification of the amorphous blocks are reviewed through asystematic study on a series of poly(ethylene oxide)-b-polystyrene (PEO-b-PS) diblock copolymers. On the base ofcompetitions among these three processes, molecular and supramolecular ordering in confined environments can beinvestigated. In a concentration-fluctuation-induced disordered (D_(CF)) diblock copolymer, the competition between crystalli-zation of the PEO blocks and vitrification of the PS blocks is momtored by time-resolved simultaneous small angle X-rayscattering (SAXS) and wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) techniques. In the case of T_ch), the crystallization of thePEO blocks is observed to be confined within the bicontinuous D_(CF) phase due to the rapid vitrification of the PS-rich *** crystallization rate, crystal melting behavior, and crystallinity results further confirm the competition betweencrystallization and vitrification at different temperatures. In an ordered lamellar PEO-b-PS diblock copolymer, the crystalli-zation of the PEO blocks is completely confined within the ordered lamellae due to rapid vitrification of the PS layers asobserved by time-resolved SAXS and WAXD experiments. From the combined two-dimensional SAXS and WAXDmeasurements, the crystal orientation within the confined lamellar geometry is found parallel to the lamellar surface normalwhen it is isothermally crystallized at 35℃. In an ordered cylindrical PEO-b-PS sample, the crystallization of the PEO blocksis also observed to be confined within the ordered cylinders because of rapid vitrification of the PS matrix. The crystalorientation within the confined cylinders is found perpendicular to the cylinder axis as it is crystallized at 35℃.

关键词： Poly(ethylene oxide)-b-polystyrene diblock copolymer Molecular ordering, Supramolecular ordering, Confined environment

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Leaching of lanthanide and yttrium from a Central Appalachian coal and the ashes obtained at 550-950℃

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Journal of Rare Earths 2022年第5期40卷 807-814,I0005页

作者： Ronghong Lin Yee Soong bret h.howard Murphy J.Keller Elliot A.Roth Ping Wang Evan J.Granite U.S.Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory626 Cochrans Mill RoadP.O.Box 10940PittsburghPA15236United States Keylogic Systems.Pittsburgh PA15236United States

In this work,we investigated leaching of lanthanide and yttrium(REY) from a Central Appalachian coal and its ashes obtained at 550-950℃ with the main purpose of understanding the impact of ashing temperature on REY leachability in water,ammonium sulfate,and hydrochloric *** is found that the coal contains a negligible amount of water-soluble REY,less than 1% ion-exchangeable REY,and about 28% of hCl-soluble *** leads to dramatic changes in REY leachability in both ammonium sulfate and hydrochloric acid solutions,which is believed to be related to transformation and redistribution of organically-associated REY in coal during the ashing *** temperature significantly affects REY leaching from coal ashes;higher ashing temperature results in lower REY leachability in both *** minerals may play a significant role in changing the leachability of REY after *** addition,the results also suggest that the organic matter in the coal is relatively enriched in heavy REY.

关键词： Acid leaching Cation exchange Coal Coal ash Rare earth elements Yttrium

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Gravitation-enabled Forward Acceleration during Flap-bounding Flight in Birds

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2018年第3期15卷 505-515页

作者： Yi Wang bret W. Tobalske Bo Cheng Xinyan Deng School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA Field Research Station at Fort Missoula Division of Biological Sciences University of Montana Missoula MT 59812 USA Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA

Flap-bounding, a form of intermittent flight, is often exhibited by small birds over their entire range of flight speeds. Its purpose is unclear during low to medium speed （2 m·s^-1-8 m·s^-1） flight： aerodynamic models suggest continuous flapping would require less power output and lower cost of transport. To explore its functional significance at low speeds, we measured body trajectory and kinematics of wings and tail of two zebra finches （Taeniopygia guttata） during flights between two perches in a laboratory. The flights consisted of three phases： initial, descending and ascending. Zebra finch first accelerated using continuous flapping, then descended, featuring intermittent bounds. The flight was completed by ascending using nearly-continuous flapping. When exiting bounds in descending phase, they achieved higher velocity than that of pre-bound forward by swinging their body forward similar to pendular motion with conserved me- chanical energy. We recorded takeoffs of three black-capped chickadees （Poecile atricapillus） in the wild and also found similar kine- matics. Our modeling of power output indicated finch achieved higher velocity （13%） with lower cost of transport （9%） when descending, compared with continuous flapping in previously studied pigeons. Flap-bounding could be useful for unmanned aerial vehicle design by mimicking descending flight to achieve rapid take-off and transition to forward flight.

关键词： zebra finch intermittent flight aerodynamics power unmanned aerial vehicle

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hygiene hypothesis in inflammatory bowel disease: A criticalreview of the literature

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第2期14卷 165-173页

作者： Natasha A Koloski Laurel bret Graham Radford-Smith Department of Gastroenterology Royal Brisbane & Women'sHospital Herston Queensland 4072Australia Department of Gastroenterology Royal Brisbane & Women’sHospitalHerston Queensland 4072Australia

The hygiene hypothesis is thought to be a significant contributor to the growing incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) around the world, although the evidence for specific factors that underlie the hygiene hypothesis in IBD is unclear. We aimed to systematically review the literature to determine which hygiene-related factors are associated with the development of IBD. Publications identified from a broad based MEDLINE and Current Contents search between 1966 and 2007 on key terms relevant to the 'hygiene hypothesis' and IBD including h pylori exposure, helminths, cold chain hypothesis, measles infection and vaccination, antibiotic use, breastfeeding, family size, sibship, urban upbringing, day care attendance and domestic hygiene were reviewed. The literature suggests that the hygiene hypothesis and its association with decreased microbial exposure in childhood probably plays an important role in the development of IBD, although the strength of the supporting data for each of the factors varies considerably. The most promising factors that may potentially be associated with development of IBD include h pylori exposure, helminths, breastfeeding and sibship. however, the vast majority of studies in this area are plagued by serious methodological shortcomings, particularly the reliance on retrospective recall of information making it difficult to truly ascertain the importance of a 'hygiene hypothesis' in IBD. The 'hygiene hypothesis' in IBD is an important area of research that may give clues to the aetiology of this disease. Directions for future research are recommended.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease hygiene hypothesis Microbial exposure Cold chain hypothesis h pylori helminths Measles Antibiotic Breastfeeding Child care

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A newly developed technique involving the optimization of flow velocity compensation for lower extremity CT angiography

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2013年第16期58卷 1864-1868页

作者： ZhANG Lei XU Dong LI KunCheng JIN Erhu BARNES bret Department of Cardiology Capital Medical College Affiliated Beijing Xuanwu Hospital Department of Radiology Capital Medical College Affiliated Beijing Xuanwu Hospital Department of Radiology Capital Medical College Affiliated Beijing Friendship Hospital Department of Radiology Medical College of Wisconsin

Advanced computed tomography (CT) technology has allowed for faster and more robust imaging. however, it has been a technical challenge to correctly synchronize CT acquisition with adequate and uniform arterial enhancement in the entire peripheral arterial tree. In this summary, we introduce a method of injection/acquisition optimization strategy based on a velocity-compen-sated CT angiography technique for the peripheral artery system, which is currently used in the United States. We believe that this imaging technique will provide additional information for our daily CT services in China.

关键词：成像技术血管造影优化策略 CT 计算机断层扫描开发下肢补偿

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The state and future of emergency medicine in Macedonia

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2016年第4期7卷 245-249页

作者： bret Nicks Marko Spasov Christopher Watkins Emergency Medicine Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center2nd Meads Hall Medical Center Blvd Clinic on Traumatology State University Hospital

BACKGROUND:Macedonia has universal public health care *** and emergency patient care is provided in different care environments based on the medical complaint and resource *** emergency medicine and well organized emergency departments(EDs) are an essential component of any developed health care system,emergency medicine as a specialty is relatively non-existent in *** RESOURCES:A system assessment regarding presence,availability and capacity of EDs was completed from 2013-2015,based upon assessments of 21 institutions providing emergency care and information provided by the Ministry of *** assessment establishes a benchmark from which to strategically identify,plan and implement the future of emergency medicine in ***:In general,emergency departments- defined by offering acute care 24 hours per day,7 days per week- were available at all general and university ***,care resources,emergency and acute care training,and patient care capacity vary greatly within the *** is limited uniformity in acute care approach and *** EDs are not organized as separate divisions run by a head medical doctor,nor are they staffed by specialists trained in emergency *** diagnostic and treatment capacities are insufficient or outdated by current international emergency medicine standards and frequently require patient transfer or admission prior to ***:Most of the surveyed hospitals are capable of providing essential diagnostic tests,but very few are able to do so at the point or time of *** emergency medical services(EMS) have improved system-wide,emergent care interventions by EMS and within all hospitals remain *** system-wide acute and emergency care improvements are forthcoming.

关键词： Emergency medicine Macedonia

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Estimation of the carbon pool in soil and above-ground biomass within mangrove forests in Southeast Mexico using allometric equations

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第1期25卷 129-134页

作者： Jesús Jaime Guerra-Santos Rosa María Cerón-bretón Julia Griselda Cerón-bretón Diana Lizett Damián-hernández Reyna Cristina Sánchez-Junco Emma del Carmen Guevara Carrió Centro de Investigación de Ciencias Ambientales-Universidad Autónoma del Carmen Av.Abasolo s/n.Col.Renovación 2da.Sección C.P.24180.Cd.del CarmenCampecheMéxico

We report the results of carbon stored in soil and aboveground biomass from the most important area of mangroves in Mexico, with dominant vegetation of Red mangrove （Rhizophora mangle L.）, Black mangrove （Avicennia germinans L.）, white mangrove （Laguncularia racemosa Gaertn.） and button mangrove （Conocarpus erectus L.）. We sampled soils with high fertility during the dry season in 2009 and 2010 at three sites on Atasta Peninsula, Campeche. We used allometric equations to estimate above ground biomass （AGB） of trees. AGB was higher in C. erectus （253.18±32.17 t？ha-1）, lower in A. germinans （161.93±12.63 t？ha-1）, and intermediate in R. mangle （181.70±16.58 t？ha-1） and L. racemosa （206.07±19.12 t？ha-1）. Of the three studied sites, the highest absolute value for AGB was 279.72 t？ha-1 in button mangrove forest at any single site. Carbon stored in soil at the three sites ranged from 36.80±10.27 to 235.77±66.11 t？ha-1. The Tukey test （p 〈0.05） made for AGB was higher for black mangrove showed significant differences in soil carbon content between black mangrove and button mangrove. C. erectus had higher AGB compared with the other species. A. germinans trees had lower AGB because they grew in hypersaline environments, which reduced their development. C. erectus grew on higher ground where soils were richer in nutrients. AGB tended to be low in areas near the sea and increased with distance from the coast. A. germinans usually grew on recently deposited sediments. We assumed that all sites have the same potential to store carbon in soil, and then we found that there were no significant differences in carbon content between the three samples sites： all sites had potential to store carbon for long periods. Carbon storage at the three sampling sites in the state of Campeche, Mexico, was higher than that reported for other locations.

关键词： carbon storage Rhizophora mangle Laguncularia racemosa,Avicennia germinans tree biomass

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Radial artery pseudoaneurysm diagnosed by pointof-care ultrasound five days after transradial catheterization: A case report

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2018年第3期9卷 223-226页

作者： Stephen Alerhand Donald Apakama Adam Nevel bret P.Nelson Emergency Medicine Department Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

Dear editor,Radial artery pseudoaneurysm from arterial wall disruption is an extremely rare complication of arterial *** prior case reports describe this complication occurring from continuous blood pressure monitoring or serial blood-gas analysis requiring extended *** increasing use of radial artery access for coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)introduces another susceptible patient population.[1–4]We report a case of a 57-year-old female with right radial artery pseudoaneurysm,diagnosed by bedside ultrasound(US)in the emergency department(ED)five days after transradial cardiac catheterization.

关键词： point-of-care Radial artery pseudoaneurysm

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Survival is negatively associated with glucocorticoids in a wild ungulate neonate

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第2期16卷 214-225页

作者： Tess Michelle GINGERY Duane Richard DIEFENBACh Catharine ElizabethPRITChARD David Charles ENSMINGER bret Daniel WALLINGFORD Christopher Scott ROSENBERRY Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA U.S.Geological Survey Pennsylvania Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA Department of Ecosystem Science and Management Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA Pennsylvania Game Commission 2001 Elmerton AvenueHarrisburgPennsylvaniaUSA Department of Integrative Biology University of CaliforniaBerkeleyValley Life Sciences BuildingBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA

It is unknown how ungulate physiological responses to environmental perturbation influence overall population ***,neonatal physiological responses remain poorly studied despite the importance of neonatal survival to population ***(GC)hormones potentially facilitate critical physiological and behavioral responses to environmental ***,elevated GC concentrations over time may compromise body condition and indirectly reduce *** evaluated baseline salivary cortisol(CORT;a primary GC in mammals)concentrations in 19 wild neonatal white-tailed deer(Odocoileus virginianus)in a northern(NS)and southern(SS)area in *** ranking survival models consisting of variables hypothesized to influence neonate survival(***,sex),the probability of neonate survival was best explained by CORT concentrations,where elevated CORT concentrations were associated with reduced survival probability to 12 weeks of *** concentrations were greater in the SS where predation rates and predator densities were *** the first evaluation of baseline CORT concentrations in an ungulate neonate to our knowledge,this is also the first study to demonstrate CORT concentrations are negatively associated with ungulate survival at any life *** hormones could provide a framework in which to better understand susceptibility to mortality in neonatal white-tailed deer.

关键词： neonates salivary cortisol stress survival ungulates

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