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A Novel Insertion Solution for the Travelling Salesman Problem

Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 1581-1597页

作者： Emmanuel oluwatobi Asani aderemi elisha o.eyinka Sunday Adeola Ajagbe Ayodele Ariyo Adebiyi Roseline oluwaseun ogundokun Temitope Samson Adekunle Pragasen Mudali Matthew olusegun Adigun Department of Computer Science Landmark UniversityOmu Aran251103Nigeria SDG 11 Group Landmark UniversityOmu Aran251103Nigeria Department of Computing MiVA UniversityAbuja900211Nigeria Department of Computer Science Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida UniversityLapai911101Nigeria Department of Computer Science University of ZululandKwadlangezwa3886South Africa Department of Computer&Industrial Production Engineering First Technical UniversityIbadan200243Nigeria Department of Multimedia Engineering Kaunas University of TechnologyKaunasLT-44249Lithuania Department of Computer Science Colorado State UniversityFort Collins80523USA

The studypresents theHalfMax InsertionHeuristic (HMIH) as a novel approach to solving theTravelling SalesmanProblem (TSP). The goal is to outperform existing techniques such as the Farthest Insertion Heuristic (FIH) andNearest Neighbour Heuristic (NNH). The paper discusses the limitations of current construction tour heuristics,focusing particularly on the significant margin of error in FIH. It then proposes HMIH as an alternative thatminimizes the increase in tour distance and includes more nodes. HMIH improves tour quality by starting withan initial tour consisting of a ‘minimum’ polygon and iteratively adding nodes using our novel Half Max *** paper thoroughly examines and compares HMIH with FIH and NNH via rigorous testing on standard TSPbenchmarks. The results indicate that HMIH consistently delivers superior performance, particularly with respectto tour cost and computational efficiency. HMIH’s tours were sometimes 16% shorter than those generated by FIHand NNH, showcasing its potential and value as a novel benchmark for TSP solutions. The study used statisticalmethods, including Friedman’s Non-parametric Test, to validate the performance of HMIH over FIH and *** guarantees that the identified advantages are statistically significant and consistent in various situations. Thiscomprehensive analysis emphasizes the reliability and efficiency of the heuristic, making a compelling case for itsuse in solving TSP issues. The research shows that, in general, HMIH fared better than FIH in all cases studied,except for a few instances (pr439, eil51, and eil101) where FIH either performed equally or slightly better thanHMIH. HMIH’s efficiency is shown by its improvements in error percentage (δ) and goodness values (g) comparedto FIH and NNH. In the att48 instance, HMIH had an error rate of 6.3%, whereas FIH had 14.6% and NNH had20.9%, indicating that HMIH was closer to the optimal solution. HMIH consistently showed superior performanceacross many benchmarks,

关键词： Nearest neighbour heuristic farthest insertion heuristic half max insertion heuristic tour construction travelling salesman problem

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Sol-gel bioceramic material from bentonite clay

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2013年第3期6卷 258-264页

作者： Enobong R. Essien Luqman A. Adams Rafiu o. Shaibu aderemi oki Department of Chemical Sciences Bells University of Technology Ota Nigeria Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria Department of Chemistry Prairie View A & M University Prairie View USA

Bioceramic material of the quaternary system;Sio2- Cao-Na2o-P2o5 that has composition similar to Bio- glass? 45S5 was prepared by the sol-gel method from locally obtained bentonite clay (BTC). The monolith obtained was sintered at 1000?C for 2 h to facilitate densification and phase transformation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the presence of sodium calcium silicate, Na2Ca2Si3o9 as major crystal phase, and another secondary orthorhombic phase, NaCaPo4. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic investigation confirmed the presence of Si-o-Si bonds and a crystalline phosphate in the glass network. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a network of micropores and interconnected macropores. overall, the material displays features amenable for possible utilization in tissue engineering scaffolds.

关键词： Bioceramic Sol-Gel Monolith Bentonite Clay Silica

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Sol-Gel Synthesis of Sio2-Cao-Na2o-P2o5Bioactive Glass Ceramic from Sodium Metasilicate

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New Journal of Glass and Ceramics 2013年第1期3卷 11-15页

作者： Luqman A. Adams Enobong R. Essien Rafiu o. Shaibu aderemi oki Department of Chemical Sciences Bells Uni- versity of Technology Ota Nigeria Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria Department of Chemistry Prairie View A. & M. University Prairie View USA

Bioactive glass ceramic with Sio2-Ca2o-Na2o-P2o5 composition was prepared by the sol-gel method using sodium metasilicate (Na2Sio3) as silica source. The monolith obtained was sintered at 1000?C for 2 hours after which X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed presence of combeite (Na2Ca2Si3o9) as the crystalline phase. In vitro bioactivity test conducted on the material using simulated body fluid (SBF) showed the formation of carbonated hydroxyapatite on its surface. The material during the SBF test was observed to transform from a mechanically strong crystalline phase Na2Ca2Si3o9 to an amorphous phase after incubation for 14 days indicating that the material was biodegradable. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the surface morphology, while Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy facilitated the confirmation of hydroxyapatite (HA) formation. The monolith material obtained may be a good candidate for application in tissue engineering scaffolds.

关键词： Bioative Glass Sol-Gel Crystalline Sodium Metasilicate Hydroxyapatite

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Economic route to sodium-containing silicate bioactive glass scaffold

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open Journal of Regenerative Medicine 2012年第3期1卷 33-40页

作者： Enobong R. Essien Luqman A. Adams Rafiu o. Shaibu Idris A. olasupo aderemi oki Department of Chemical Sciences Bells University of Technology Ota Nigeria Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria Department of Chemistry Prairie View A & M University Prairie View USA

Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEoS) and trimethyl orthosilicate (TMoS) alkoxysilanes are expensive common precursors for silicate based solgel derived bioactive glasses. Facile approa- ches involving low cost substitutes are a necessity for bioactive glass implants in bone regeneration therapy. Quaternary Sio2–Na2o–Cao– P2o5 bioactive glass was prepared by the solgel method from locally sourced sand as precursor. The monolith glass material obtained was subjected to immersion studies in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 21 days. The surface morphology and composition of the glass before and after immersion in SBF was studied using SEM-EDX, while pH analysis was used to monitor changes on the glass surface in SBF solution. FTIR was used to confirm apatite formation on the material. Results showed that the concentration of Ca, P and C increased on the surface of the glass sample as immersion time increased, which was attributed to the formation of carbonated hydroxyapatite (HCA). The material shows ability to bond to bone making it a promising scaffold material for bone repair.

关键词： Sand Alkoxysilanes Carbonated Hydroxyapatite Simulated Body Fluid Bone Regeneration

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oxidative Stress and Reduced Vitamins C and E Levels Are Associated with Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2014年第1期2卷 52-58页

作者： John A. Alli aderemi o. Kehinde Ayokulehin M. Kosoko olusegun G. Ademowo Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology College of Medicine University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology University College Hospital Ibadan Nigeria Institute for Advanced Medical Research & Training College of Medicine University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) still remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Nigeria, there is little information on antioxidant status of TB patients. In this study, effects of oxidative stress markers and vitamins C and E were investigated in pulmonary TB patients at-tending a health care facility in Nigeria. Methods: Sputum specimens were processed for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) while rifampicin resistance was determined by GeneXpert/Rif assay. Patients were screened for HIV after adequate counselling. Assays for hydrogen peroxide (H2o2), malondialde- hyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), myeloperoxidase (MPx), xanthine oxidase (Xo), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SoD), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glu-tathione peroxidase (GPx), α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid were estimated using standard me- thods. Results: of the 83 recruited subjects, 29 (34.9%) were AFB negative, 30 (36.1%) were AFB positive while 24 (29.0%) were positive for rifampicin resistance. overall, HIV prevalence was 6.0% while higher rate of 16.7% was found among the rifampicin resistant subjects. Plasma concentrations of H2o2, MDA and PC and also MPx and Xo activities were significantly higher among rifampicin resistant subjects compared with AFB positive and AFB negative groups (P oncentration of GSH and the activities of SoD, GST and GPX were significantly reduced in rifampicin resistant subjects compared with the 2 other groups (P of CAT was similar between rifampicin resistant and AFB positive subjects but significantly lower when compared with AFB negative group. Rifampicin resistant subjects had significantly lower concentrations of α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid compared with 2 other groups (P on- clusion: This study revealed that resistance of TB patients to rifampicin may be due to induction of oxidative stress. Administration of vitamins C and E may be beneficial by reducing the s

关键词： oxidative Stress Pulmonary Tuberculosis Health Care Facility Nigeria

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Microclimate modification using eco-friendly nets and floating row covers improves tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) yield and quality for small holder farmers in East Africa

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Agricultural Sciences 2013年第11期4卷 577-584页

作者： Mwanarusi Saidi elisha o. Gogo Francis M. Itulya Thibaud Martin Mathieu Ngouajio CIRAD UR Hortsys Avenue Agropolis Montpellier France Icipe Plant Health Department Nairobi Kenya Department of Crops Horticulture and Soils Egerton University Egerton Kenya Department of Horticulture Michigan State University East Lansing USA

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is one of the important vegetables in supplying vitamins, minerals and fiber to human diets worldwide. Its successful production in the tropics is, however, constrained by environmental variations especially under open field conditions. Two trials were conducted at the Horticulture Research and Teaching Field, Egerton University, Kenya to evaluate the effects of agricultural nets (agronets) herein called eco-friendly nets (EFNs) and floating row covers (FRCs) on microclimate modification, yield, and quality of tomato. A randomized complete block design with five replications was used. Tomato plants were grown under fine mesh EFN (0.4-mm pore diameter) cover, large mesh EFN (0.9-mm pore diameter) cover or FRC. The EFN and FRC were maintained either permanently closed or opened thrice a week from 9 am to 3 pm. Two open control treatments were used: unsprayed (untreated control) or sprayed with chemicals (treated control). The use of EFN or FRC modified the microclimate with higher temperatures, lower diurnal temperature ranges, and higher volumetric water content recorded compared with the controls. on the other hand, light quantity and photosynthetic active radiation were reduced by the use of EFN and FRC compared with the controls. The use of FRC and EFN resulted in more fruit and higher percent in marketable yield compared with open field production. Fruit quality at harvest was also significantly improved by the use of EFN and FRC. Fruits with higher total soluble solids (TSS), lower titratable acidity (TA), and higher sugar acid ratio were obtained in EFN and FRC treatments compared with the controls. Fruits harvested from EFN and FRC were also firmer compared with control fruits. These findings demonstrate the potential of EFN and FRC in modifying microclimate conditions and improving yields and quality of tomato under tropical field conditions.

关键词： Lycopersicon esculentum Solanum lycopersicum Microclimate Modification Protected Cropping Tomato Yields Tomato Quality

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Hydrothermal Alteration of Basaltic Rocks at Eruptive Vents on Mount Cameroon Volcano, West Africa

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International Journal of Geosciences 2018年第9期9卷 513-527页

作者： Akumbom Vishiti Taboko Armstrong elisha Mutum Shemang Jacques Etame Cheo Emmanuel Suh Department of Civil Engineering The University Institute of Technology (IUT) University of Douala Douala Cameroon Economic Geology Unit Department of Geology University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Earth and Environmental Science Botswana International University of Science and Technology Palapye Botswana Laboratory of Geosciences Natural Resources and Environment Department of Earth Science University of Douala Douala Came-roon Department of Geology Mining and Environmental Science The University of Bamenda Bambili Cameroon

The study of changes in rocks due to interaction with hydrothermal fluids at active volcanoes provides insights into wall rock alteration associated with ore deposits formed in the geological past. Therefore, the nature of mineral alteration and chemical changes experienced by wall rocks can be investigated at eruptive sites on active volcanoes and the results used to better constrain ore-forming processes. In this study, we investigated the alteration at eruptive sites at Mount Cameroon volcano. These eruptive vents lie along NE-SW-trending fissures that define the Mount Cameroon rift. The vents are surrounded by cones composed largely of pyroclastic materials and to a lesser extent lava. Fumaroles (volcanic gases) rising through the vents during and after the 1999 eruption have resulted in the alteration of the pyroclastic robble along the fissures and the inner walls of the cones. Consequently, altered basaltic materials are covered with thin films of reddish, yellowish to whitish secondary minerals. These coatings result from an interaction between the surfaces of the basaltic glass with volcanically-derived acidic fluids. Petrographic investigations and XRD analysis of the basalts have identified primary mineral phases, such as olivine, pyroxene (mainly augite) and feldspars. Alteration products revealed include ubiquitous silica as well as gypsum, magnetite, feldspar, alunite and jarosite. Jarosite occurrence indicates that So2 is the primary volcanically-derived acid source involved in coating formation. High contents of sulfur identified in the basalts indicate that melts at Mount Cameroon can be sulfur saturated as backed by previous melt inclusion data. Whole rock geochemical analysis shows a gain in silica in the altered samples and this ties with the mass balance calculations although minor gains of Al2o3, , Mgo, Mno, Cao and K2o are shown by some samples.

关键词： Mount Cameroon 1999 Eruption Fumarole Wall Rock Alteration Mass Bal-ance

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Superabsorbent Polymer and Rabbit Manure Improve Soil Moisture, Growth and Yield of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

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NASS Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2020年第1期2卷 12-20页

作者： Annah Wanjala Mnyika Simon Muti Mbuvi elisha otieno Gogo Pwani University Department of Crop SciencesP.O.Box 19580108KilifiKenya Taita Taveta County Government Taita Sub-countyP.O.114280304WundanyiKenya

Production of eggplant(Solanum melongena L.)is influenced by limited soil water and fertility conditions that affect its growth and *** use of superabsorbent polymer(SAP),also known as slush powder and rabbit manure are among the strategies that can improve soil conditions,hence growth and yield of *** objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of SAP and rabbit manure on soil moisture,growth and yield of *** study was conducted at Pwani University,Kilifi,Kenya.A randomized complete block design with three replications was *** treatments were SAP,rabbit manure,SAP plus rabbit manure and control(without SAP or rabbit manure).Soil moisture,growth and yield parameters were *** polymer and/or rabbit manure improved soil moisture,growth and yield of eggplant compared with the *** of SAP had a better soil moisture retention,growth and yield comparable to SAP combined with rabbit *** finding demonstrates that use of SAP and/or rabbit manure may help in better soil water and nutrient management,particularly in arid and semi-arid areas to improve growth and yield of eggplant.

关键词： Soil amendment Soil moisture conservation Soil fertility organic fertilizer Crop quality

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法罗群岛教育中心

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城市环境设计 2019年第2期118卷 84-99页

作者： H?gni Laksáfoss Alberte Danvig Alejandro Mata Gonzales Alessio Valmori Alexandre Carpentier Annette Birthe Jensen Armen Menendian Athena Morella Baptiste Blot Boris Peianov Camille Crepin Claudio Moretti Dag Pr?stegaard Daniel Pihl David Zahle Edouard Boisse elisha Nathoo Enea Michelesio Eskild Nordbud Ewelina Moszczynska Frederik Lyng Goda Luksaite Henrik Kania H?gni Laksáfoss Jakob Lange Jakob Teglg?rd Hansen Jan Besikov Jan Kudlicka Jan Magasanik Jeppe Ecklon Jesper Boye Andersen Ji-Young Yoon Johan Cool Kari-Ann Petersen Kim Christensen Kristoffer Negendahl Long Zuo Martin Cajade Michael Sch?nemann Jensen Mikkel Marcker Stubgaard Niklas Rausch Norbert Nadudvari oana Simionescu Richard Howis Sabine Kokina Simonas Petrakas Sofia Sofianou Takumi Iwasawam Tobias Hjortdal Tommy Bj?rnstrup Victor Bejenaru Xiao Xuan Lu Rasmus Hjortshoj 曲鸿

格拉西尔坐落于法罗群岛起伏的峡湾上,坐拥大海和青翠的海湾景观,首都托尔斯港的景色一览无余。格拉西尔旨在把法罗群岛体育学校、托尔斯港技术学院和法罗群岛商学院合并在一起,提高整体效率,惠及1 750名师生和员工。通过创新孵化器的形... 详细信息

格拉西尔坐落于法罗群岛起伏的峡湾上,坐拥大海和青翠的海湾景观,首都托尔斯港的景色一览无余。格拉西尔旨在把法罗群岛体育学校、托尔斯港技术学院和法罗群岛商学院合并在一起,提高整体效率,惠及1 750名师生和员工。通过创新孵化器的形式,不同于传统学校,格拉西尔既保留了三所学校的自主权,又为学校之间合作学习的蓬勃发展创造了理想条件。根据学生和教师的内部需求,

关键词：法罗群岛教师准备托尔斯港格拉西平面图卫生间教育中心

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