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Different Analytical Methods of Para-Phenylenediamine Based Hair Dye

Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications 2013年第3期3卷 17-25页

作者： Hatem Abdel Moniem Ahmed Ragaa mohamed Abdel Maaboud Fathy Fahim Abdul Latif adel mohamed kamal el-dean kamal mohamed el-Shaieb Eugenio Vilanova Carmen Estevan Chemistry De- partment Faculty of Science Minia University Minia Egypt Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Assiut University Assiut Egypt Department of Forensic Chemistry Faculty of Forensic Sciences Naif Arab University for Security Sciences Riyadh Saudi Arabia Department of Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology Faculty of Medicine Assiut University Assiut Egypt Institute of Bioengineering Unit of Toxicology and Chemical Safety University Miguel Hernández of Elche Elche Spain Institute of Bioengineering Unit of Toxicology and Chemical Safety University Miguel Hernández of Elche Elche Spain.

Many cases of toxicity and mortality either due to accidental or deliberate ingestion of hair dyes were reported in Egypt, Sudan, Israel, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, India and Tunisia. In the field of forensic analytical toxicology, the identification and quantification of chemicals are essential in deaths related to intoxication. The aim of the present study is to conduct chemico-analytical characterization of para-phenylenediamine (PPD) based hair dye of (Black stone hair dye, SHD) currently used for dying hear in Egypt, to confirm the identification of its components, that may be potentially toxic on oral or dermal exposure, this study uses comparison between different analytical methods. The applied analytical methods were inductively coupled plasma/MS (ICP/MS), witch used to determine the metal components of the dye, high performance liquid chromatography/MS (HPLC/MS) and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) were used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of PPD in the dye. A derivatization method was applied by transforming PPD (aromatic amines) into corresponding imine derivatives. This compound was prepared by condensation of 4-methylbenzeneamine with benzaldehyed to give N-benzylidene-4-methylbenzene-amine, which is a very stable internal standard. ICP/MS analysis revealed that most metal components of hair dye are Be, Na, Al, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zr, where HPLC/MS analysis revealed that PPD is the main ingredient of SHD. Derivatization is necessary for accurate determination of PPD in hair dye by GC/MS method and this results could not be obtained by direct injection of dye (without derivatization).

关键词： PPD PPD1 Stone Hair Dye ICP HPLC/MS and GC/MS

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Evaluation of the Toxicity of Stone Hair Dye ＆ Paraphenylenediamine by MTT Bioassays in Vitro

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2010年第5期4卷 36-40页

作者： Hatem Abdel Moniem Ahmed Fathy Fahim Abdul Latif adel mohamed kamal el-dean Ragaa mohamed Abdel Maaboud kamal mohamed EI-Shaieb Eugenio Vilanova Carmen Estevan Assiut Lab.of Medico-legal Department Ministry of JusticeAssuit BranchEgypt Chemistry Department Faculty of ScienceMinia UniversityEI-Minia 61519Egypt Chemistry Department Faculty of ScienceAssiut UniversityAssiut 71516Egypt Department of Forensic Medicine&Toxicology Faculty of MedicineAssiut UniversityAssiut 71516Egypt Institute of Bioengineering Unit of Toxicology and Chemical SafetyUniversity Miguel Hernhndez of Elche(Alicante)Spain

Para-phenylenediamine （PPD）, tile main toxic ingredients of hair dyes, have been used by millions of consumers to improve their appearance. Stone Hair Dye （SHD） mainly contain PPD. SHD and PPD were evaluated by 3-（4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2, 5-diphenyltetrazdium bromide or MTT assay, which measures mitochondria metabolism in the entire cell culture and provides information about the percentage of cell survival. Utilizing the MTT assay, the cytotoxicity of SHD and PPD was determining on SH Sy5y culture from nervous system of rat. The short term exposure SH Sy5y culture were incubated with various aqueous solutions of different concentrations of SHD and PPD, and the LC50 of SHD and para-phenylenediamine was found to be 9.15 and 12.4 mg/ml. With increasing the concentration, cytotoxicity effect increase in PPD and SHD. There is a significant differences （P〈0.01） of cytotoxicity among concentrations used. It concluded that in vitro assay could give important information of the mechanism of toxicity at low dosages.

关键词： SH-Sy5y cells SHD&PPD in vitro method MTT assay

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Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of Motor Cortex versus Insula Cortex on Chronic Post-Mastectomy Pain: Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2023年第10期13卷 197-211页

作者： Shereen Mamdouh kamal Khaled mohamed Fares Sahar Abdel-Baky mohamed Mohanad Ahmed mohamed Fatma adel el Sherif Anaesthesia Intensive Care and Pain Management Department South Egypt Cancer Institute Assiut University Assiut Egypt

Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) across cortical brain areas appears to improve various forms of pain, yet evidence of tDCS efficiency and ideal stimulation target is lacking. This study aimed to compare the add-on analgesic efficacy of concentric electrode transcranial direct current stimulation (CE-tDCS) stimulation over the primary motor cortex versus the insular cortex on the management of chronic postmastectomy pain. Method: Prospective randomized double-blind sham-controlled study enrolled eighty patients with chronic postmastectomy pain that were randomly assigned to four groups: active motor (AM), sham motor (SM), active insula (AI) and sham insula (SI) group, each received 5 sessions for 20-minute duration with 2 mA tDCS over the targeted area of the contralateral side of pain. Our primary outcome was VAS score, the secondary outcomes were VDS score, LANSS score and depression symptoms by HAM-D scores, assessment was done at 4 time points (prestimulation, after 5th session, 15th day and one month after the last session). Results: Both active tDCS groups (motor and insula) showed reduction of VAS (P Conclusion: Active tDCS stimulation either targeting the primary motor cortex or the insula cortex has add-on analgesic effect for controlling neuropathic chronic post mastectomy pain and the maximum effect was at 15 days after the last session.

关键词： Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS Postmastectomy Pain Motor Cortex Insular Cortex

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