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Psychometric properties of the Urdu version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS)among pregnant women in Abbottabad,Pakistan

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General Psychiatry 2020年第5期33卷 311-318页

作者： Fahad Saqib Lodhi Aymen M Elsous Saadia Irum adeel ahmed khan Unaib Rabbani Community Medicine Department Women Medical CollegeAbbottabadPakistan School of public Health Department of Epidemiology and BistatisticsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Unit of Planning and Policy Formulation Ministry of HealthGaza StripPalestine College of medical sciences Israa universityGaza stripPalestine Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Ayub Medical CollegeAbbottabadPakistan Ministry of Health Saudi Board Preventive MedicineMeccaSaudi Arabia Ministry of Health Family Medicine AcademyQassimSaudi Arabia

Background The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS)is a widely used instrument to measure anxiety and depression *** This study aimed to translate,validate and test the applicability of the Urdu version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS/UV)among pregnant *** The original English version of the HADS was translated into Urdu by three bilingual experts and retranslated to English using the forward-backward *** questionnaire was administered to a sample of 200 pregnant women availing obstetrics and gynaecology services for routine prenatal checkups of Ayub Teaching Hospital,Abbottabad,*** properties of the instrument,including reliability(internal consistency,test-retest analysis and interitems correlation),were *** and content validity were also *** Validity Index(CVI)was determined using the average approach and ItemLevel Content Validity Index(I-CVI)and Scale-Level Content Validity Index(S-CVI)were calculated *** validity was examined through exploratory factor *** Cronbach's alpha coefficient has been found to be 0.82 for the anxiety subscale and 0.64 for the depression subscale,while overall alpha of the HADS/UV is *** Urdu version is content valid,and the SCVI of anxiety subscale,depression subscale and HADS/UV are 0.947,948 and 0.947,***-retest reliability is 0.884 and 0.934 as measured by Pearson correlation and intraclass correlation,***/UV items correlated positively with the whole scale(p<0.001).Factor analysis with varimax rotation revealed that two factors explained 42.75%of the ***'distribution was quite similar to the original *** The HADS/UV is a psychometrically sound instrument with satisfactory measurement,including good internal *** instrument shows promise to be a sound tool to assess anxiety and depression in pregnancy.

关键词： instrument routine Abbott

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Electric-field induced fluctuations in laser generated plasma plume

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Plasma Science and Technology 2021年第4期23卷 83-89页

作者： Rizwan ahmed Abdul JABBAR Zeshan adeel UMAR Muhammad Aslam BAIG National Centre for Physics Quaid-i-Azam University Campus45320 IslamabadPakistan

The effect of an external electric field on laser-generated plasma has been *** is observed that the laser-generated plasma can be used for the ignition of a spark in the presence of a low voltage external electric *** eight-fold emission intensity enhancement in Cu I spectral lines are measured as compared to the signal intensity in the absence of an external electric *** plasma parameters remain the same initially,up to a few microseconds after the generation of plasma,and this feature makes it more interesting for the quantitative analysis of any sample using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS).In the presence of an external electric field,fluctuations(contraction and expansion)in the laser-generated plasma are observed which increase the plasma decay time and consequently result in enhanced signal intensity.

关键词： LIBS laser produced plasma effect of external electric plasma parameters

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Tectonic evolution of structures in Southern Sindh Monocline,Indus Basin,Pakistan formed in multi-extensional tectonic episodes of Indian Plate

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2018年第5期9卷 358-366页

作者： Shabeer ahmed Sarfraz Hussain Solangi Muhammad Saeed khan Jadoon adeel Nazeer Centre for Pure and Applied Geology University of Sindh Oil and Gas Development Company Limited

There are a number of structures and structural styles found in extensional tectonic settings of the world,and it is a big challenge to study the evolution of these structures. Evolution of structures formed in extensional tectonic settings have been studied by researchers on different extensional basins of the world. Southern Sindh Monocline lies on the western corner of Indian Plate and the tectonic history of Indian plate has also experienced different extensional episodes, and its journey rifted from Gondwanaland to its final welding to Asia. The aim of this study is to figure out the evolution of structures in the subsurface of Southern Sindh Monocline, Pakistan using the seismic data interpretation and flattening of horizons approach. Structures within the subsurface of Southern Sindh Monocline have been characterized by different tectonic episodes of Indian plate while rifting from Gondwanaland, rifting from other plates at different geological times and to its collision with the Asia. Basic structures within study area are classified into nine types while the structural styles have been classified into six types as horst and grabens, dominos, crotch, synthetic and antithetic, negative and flashlight structural style. The structures within the study area revealed evidence for three major structural episodes which can be characterized as Episode 1: Structures associated with rifting of Indian plate from Gondwanaland during Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, Episode 2: Modification and reactivation of previous structures while Madagascar rifted from Indian Plate during the Middle Cretaceous and during Episode 3: Inversion and reactivation of structures occurred when Indian Plate collided with Asia during Early Eocene.

关键词： Tectonic evolution Episodes Structures Sindh Monocline Pakistan Indian plate Eurasian plate Seismic data

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Conservation Laws for Partially Conservative Variable Mass Systems via d＇Alembert＇s Principle

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Chinese Physics Letters 2008年第9期25卷 3181-3184页

作者： AFTAB ahmed NASEER ahmed QUDRAT khan Department of Mathematics Quaid-I-Azam University 45320 Islamabad 44000 Pakistan

Conservation laws for partially conservative variable mass dynamical systems under symmetric infinitesimal transformations are determined. A generalization of Lagrange-d ＇Alembert＇s principle for a variable mass system in terms of asynchronous virtual variation is presented. The generalized Killing equations are obtained such that their solution yields the transformations and the associated conservation laws. An example illusstrative of the theory is furnished at the end as well.

关键词： the power-law exponents precipitation durative abrupt precipitation change

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Nanosecond pulse and dual-wavelength Q-switched 1.5 μm fiber laser using MAX phase Cr2TiAlC2 saturable absorber

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Optoelectronics Letters 2025年第1期21卷 7-12页

作者： ahmed Shakir AL-HITI Hiba HASSAN Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Anbar Department of Laser and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Technology-Iraq

We demonstrated a new type of MAX phase material, chromium titanium aluminum carbide（Cr2TiAlC2） polymer film, to generate a passively Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser（EDFL）. The film thickness was measured to be around 45 μm, which was fabricated using the embedding method with polyvinyl alcohol（PVA） polymer as hoster. The saturable absorber（SA） film demonstrates a dual-wavelength passively Q-switched EDFL which operates at 1 531 nm and 1 560.19 nm, respectively. The Q-switching pulse duration could be varied from 2.46 μs to 770 ns, while the repetition rate varied from 92.76 kHz to 106.6 kHz with an increasing input pumping range from 154 mW to 300 mW. The maximum output power and pulse energy of 15.05 mW and 141.18 nJ were obtained at the maximum input power of 300 mW, respectively.

关键词： Saturable absorbers

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Vascular endothelial growth factor:a double-edged sword in the development of white matter lesions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 191-192页

作者： Narek Manukjan Daniel Fulton Zubair ahmed WMatthijs Blankesteijn Sébastien Foulquier Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands CARIM-School for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands Neuroscience and Ophthalmology Institute of Inflammation and AgeingUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamUK Centre for Trauma Sciences Research University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamUK MHeNs-School for Mental Health and Neuroscience Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands Department of Neurology Maastricht University Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands

As the population ages,the burden of age-related diseases becomes ***,over 55 million people suffer from dementia worldwide,with Alzheimer’s disease being the most common ***,it is becoming clearer that underlying vascular pathology such as cerebral small vessel disease(cSVD)may be a more detrimental cause for dementia(Cuadrado-Godia et al.,2018).It is estimated that 10%-30%of the elderly population and 35%-90%of all dementia patients exhibit signs of *** term cSVD refers to pathology affecting the small vessels of the brain,which can lead to lacunar cerebral infarcts,enlarged perivascular spaces,and cortical hemorrhages(Cuadrado-Godia et al.,2018).CSVD is often associated with cognitive decline,gait problems,and dementia(Cuadrado-Godia et al.,2018).

关键词： pathology becoming white

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Transient flow of magnetized Maxwell nanofluid: Buongiorno model perspective of Cattaneo-Christov theory

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2020年第4期41卷 655-666页

作者： M.khan A.ahmed J.ahmed Department of Mathematics Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Basic Sciences University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila 47050Pakistan

The present research article is devoted to studying the characteristics of Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass fluxes in the Maxwell nanofluid flow caused by a stretching sheet with the magnetic field *** Maxwell nanofluid is investigated with the impact of the Lorentz force to examine the consequence of a magnetic field on the flow characteristics and the transport of *** heat and mass transport mechanisms in the current physical model are analyzed with the modified versions of Fourier’s and Fick’s laws,***,the well-known Buongiorno model for the nanofluids is first introduced together with the Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass fluxes during the transient motion of the Maxwell *** governing partial differential equations(PDEs)for the flow and energy transport phenomena are obtained by using the Maxwell model and the Cattaneo-Christov theory in addition to the laws of *** transformations are used to convert the PDEs into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations(ODEs).The homotopic solution methodology is applied to the nonlinear differential system for an analytic *** results for the time relaxation parameter in the flow,thermal energy,and mass transport equations are discussed *** is noted that higher values of the thermal and solutal relaxation time parameters in the Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass fluxes decline the thermal and concentration fields of the ***,larger values of the thermophoretic force enhance the heat and mass transport in the ***,the Brownian motion of the nanoparticles declines the concentration field and increases the temperature *** validation of the results is assured with the help of numerical tabular data for the surface velocity gradient.

关键词： transient flow Cattaneo-Christov theory Maxwell nanofluid Buongiorno model homotopy analysis method (HAM) solution

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Boundary layer flow of Maxwell fluid due to torsional motion of cylinder: modeling and simulation

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2020年第4期41卷 667-680页

作者： M.khan A.ahmed J.ahmed Department of Mathematics Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Basic Sciences University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila 47050Pakistan

This paper investigates the boundary layer flow of the Maxwell fluid around a stretchable horizontal rotating cylinder under the influence of a transverse magnetic *** constitutive flow equations for the current physical problem are modeled and analyzed for the first time in the *** torsional motion of the cylinder is considered with the constant azimuthal velocity *** partial differential equations(PDEs)governing the torsional motion of the Maxwell fluid together with energy transport are simplified with the boundary layer *** current analysis is valid only for a certain range of the positive Reynolds ***,for very large Reynolds numbers,the flow becomes ***,the governing similarity equations are simplified through suitable transformations for the analysis of the large Reynolds *** numerical simulations for the flow,heat,and mass transport phenomena are carried out in view of the bvp4c scheme in *** outcomes reveal that the velocity decays exponentially faster and reduces for higher values of the Reynolds numbers and the flow penetrates shallower into the free stream *** is also noted that the phenomenon of stress relaxation,described by the Deborah number,causes to decline the flow fields and enhance the thermal and solutal energy transport during the fluid *** penetration depth decreases for the transport of heat and mass in the fluid with the higher Reynolds *** excellent validation of the numerical results is assured through tabular data with the existing literature.

关键词： torsional motion Maxwell fluid magnetic field stretchable rotating cylinder bvp4c scheme

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Thermal analysis in swirl motion of Maxwell nanofluid over a rotating circular cylinder

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2020年第9期41卷 1417-1430页

作者： A.ahmed M.khan J.ahmed Department of Mathematics Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Basic Sciences University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila 47050Pakistan

In this paper,the mechanism of thermal energy transport in swirling flow of the Maxwell nanofluid induced by a stretchable rotating cylinder is *** rotation of the cylinder is kept constant in order to avoid the induced axially secondary ***,the novel features of heat generation/absorption,thermal radiation,and Joule heating are studied to control the rate of heat *** effects of Brownian and thermophoretic forces exerted by the Maxwell nanofluid to the transport of thermal energy are investigated by utilizing an effective model for the nanofluid proposed by *** whole physical problem of fluid flow and thermal energy transport is modelled in the form of partial differential equations(PDEs)and transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations(ODEs)with the help of the suitable flow *** acquired results through the technique bvp4c are reported graphically with physical *** analysis reveals that there is higher transport of heat energy in the Maxwell nanoliquid for a constant wall temperature(CWT)as compared with the prescribed surface temperature(PST).Both thermophoretic and Brownian forces enhance the thermal energy transport in the flowing Maxwell ***,the temperature distribution increases with increasing values of the radiation parameter and the Eckert *** is also noted that an increase in Reynolds number reduces the penetration depth,and as a result the flow and transport of energy occur only near the surface of the cylinder.

关键词： Maxwell nanofluid rotating cylinder heat source/sink Joule heating convective condition numerical solution

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Conservation status evaluation of Berberis species across the Karakoram Mountain Ranges, Pakistan using IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第6期27卷 1385-1390页

作者： Tika khan Imtiaz ahmed khan Abdul Rehman Nisar ahmed Integrated Mountain Area Research Centre Karakoram International University Department of Biological Sciences Karakoram International University Centre of Agriculture Biochemistry and Biotechnology University of Agriculture Faisalabad

Berberis species medicinal plants in Pakistan are endangered, high-value with important eco-cultural, commercial and livelihood roles in mountain communities. To assess the geographical distribution of Berberis species across the Karakoram Mountain Ranges in Pakistan, we used IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria （2001） to calculate the extent of occurrence （EOO, 〈100 km^2） and the area of occupancy （AOO, 〈10 km^2） of Berberis pseudumbellata subsp, pseudumbellata and B. pseudumbellata subsp. gilgitica. Overgrazing and habitat loss were key population- limiting factors. The two subspecies had contrasting responses to temperature, elevation, precipitation and insect susceptibility. B. pseudumbellata subsp, gilgitica is endemic to Gilgit-Baltistan and grows in single-cropping zone （ar- eas 〉 200 m a.s.1.）. Status evaluation revealed that both subspecies meet the criteria set for critically endangered species. Prolonged disregard of its declining population trend might lead to its extinction; therefore, integrated con- servation efforts are necessary.

关键词： Berberis Ecological zonation Critically endangered Extent of occurrence Karakoram Occupation area Spatial distribution

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