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Energy-Efficient Low-Complexity Algorithm in 5G Massive MIMO Systems

Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第6期67卷 3189-3214页

作者： adeeb salh Lukman Audah Qazwan Abdullah Nor Shahida M.Shah Shipun A.Hamzah Shahilah Nordin Nabil Farah Wireless and Radio Science Centre(WARAS) Faculty of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringUniversiti Tun Hussein Onn MalaysiaBatu PahatJohor86400Malaysia Faculty of Engineering Technology Universiti Tun Hussein Onn MalaysiaPagohMuarJohorMalaysia Fakulti Kejuruteraan Elektrik Universiti Teknologi MARA Kampus Permatang Pauh Permatang PauhPulau Pinang13500Malaysia

Energy efficiency(EE)is a critical design when taking into account circuit power consumption(CPC)in fifth-generation cellular networks.These problems arise because of the increasing number of antennas in massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)systems,attributable to inter-cell interference for channel state information.Apart from that,a higher number of radio frequency(RF)chains at the base station and active users consume more power due to the processing activities in digital-to-analogue converters and power amplifiers.Therefore,antenna selection,user selection,optimal transmission power,and pilot reuse power are important aspects in improving energy efficiency in massive MIMO systems.This work aims to investigate joint antenna selection,optimal transmit power and joint user selection based on deriving the closed-form of the maximal EE,with complete knowledge of large-scale fading with maximum ratio transmission.It also accounts for channel estimation and eliminating pilot contamination as antennas M→∞.This formulates the optimization problem of joint optimal antenna selection,transmits power allocation and joint user selection to mitigate inter-cellinterference in downlink multi-cell massive MIMO systems under minimized reuse of pilot sequences based on a novel iterative low-complexity algorithm(LCA)for Newton’s methods and Lagrange multipliers.To analyze the precise power consumption,a novel power consumption scheme is proposed for each individual antenna,based on the transmit power amplifier and CPC.Simulation results demonstrate that the maximal EE was achieved using the iterative LCA based on reasonable maximum transmit power,in the case the noise power is less than the received power pilot.The maximum EE was achieved with the desired maximum transmit power threshold by minimizing pilot reuse,in the case the transmit power allocationρd=40 dBm,and the optimal EE=71.232 Mb/j.

关键词： Massive MIMO energy efficiency base station active users pilot contamination low-complexity algorithm radio frequency

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Novel Universal Windowing Multicarrier Waveform for 5G Systems

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第5期67卷 1523-1536页

作者： Ahmed Hammoodi Lukman Audah Montadar Abas Taher Mazin Abed Mohammed Mustafa S.Aljumaily adeeb salh Shipun A.Hamzah Wireless and Radio Science Centre Faculty of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringUniversiti Tun Hussein Onn MalaysiaParit Raja86400Malaysia Department Communications Engineering University of DiyalaBaqubah32001Iraq College of Computer Science and Information Technology University of AnbarAnbar31001Iraq Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37901USA

Fifth Generation(5G)systems aim to improve flexibility,coexistence and diverse service in several aspects to achieve the emerging applications requirements.Windowing and filtering of the traditional multicarrier waveforms are now considered common sense when designing more flexible waveforms.This paper proposed a Universal Windowing Multi-Carrier(UWMC)waveform design platform that is flexible,providing more easily coexists with different pulse shapes,and reduces the Out of Band Emissions(OOBE),which is generated by the traditional multicarrier methods that used in the previous generations of the mobile technology.The novel proposed approach is different from other approaches that have been proposed,and it is based on applying a novel modulation approach for the Quadrature-Amplitude Modulation(64-QAM)which is considered very popular in mobile technology.This new approach is done by employing flexible pulse shaping windowing,by assigning windows to various bands.This leads to decreased side-lobes,which are going to reduce OOBE and boost the spectral efficiency by assigning them to edge subscribers only.The new subband windowing(UWMC)will also maintain comprehensively the non-orthogonality by a variety of windowing and make sure to keep window time the same for all subbands.In addition,this paper shows that the new approach made the Bit Error Rate(BER)equal to the conventional Windowed-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(W-OFDM).This platform achieved great improvement for some other Key Performance Indicators(KPI),such as the Peak to Average Power Ratio(PAPR)compared with the conventional(W-OFDM)and the conventional Universal Filtered Multicarrier(UFMC)approaches.In particular,the proposed windowing scheme outperforms previous designs in terms of the Power Spectral Density(PSD)by 58%and the(BER)by 1.5 dB and reduces the Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function Cubic Metric(CCDF-CM)by 24%.

关键词： 5G waveform window-OFDM universal filtered multi-carrier key performance indicators

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A Compact Size 5G Hairpin Bandpass Filter with Multilayer Coupled Line

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第12期69卷 4025-4042页

作者： Qazwan Abdullah Ömer Aydogdu adeeb salh Nabil Farah Md Hairul Nizam Talib Taha Sadeq Mohammed A.A.Al-Mekhalfi Abdu Saif Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Selçuk UniversityKonyaTurkey Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Konya Technical UniversityKonyaTurkey Faculty of Engineering Technology Universiti Tun Hussein Onn MalaysiaPagohMuarJohorMalaysia Faculty of Electrical Engineering Universiti Teknikal Malaysia MelakaMelakaMalaysia Faculty of Engineering and Science Universiti Tunku Abdul RahmanSungai Long CampusSelangor43000Malaysia Faculty of Electrical Engineering Department University of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia

The multilayer structure is a promising technique used to minimize the size of planar microstrip filters.In the flexible design and incorporation of other microwave components,multilayer band-pass filter results in better and enhanced dimensions.This paper introduces a microstrip fifth-generation(5G)low-frequency band of 2.52–2.65 GHz using a parallel-coupled line(PCL)Bandpass filter and multilayer(ML)hairpin Bandpass filter.The targeted four-pole resonator has a center frequency of 2.585 GHz with a bandwidth of 130 MHz.The filters are designed with a 0.1 dB passband ripple with a Chebyshev response.The hairpin-line offers compact filter design structures.Theoretically,they can be obtained by bending half-wavelength resonator resonators with parallel couplings into a“U”shape.The proposed configuration of the parllel-coupled line resonator is used to design the ML band-pass filter.The FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant(Er)of 4.3 and 1.6 mm thickness was used.A comparative analysis between the simulated insertion loss and the reflection cofficient of substrates RO3003 and FR4 was performed to validate the eficiency of the proposed filter design.Simulation of PCL filter is accom-plished using computer simulation technology(CST)and an advanced design system(ADS)software.The PCL Bandpass filter was experimentally validated and a total tally between simulation results and measured results were achieved demonstrating a well-measured reflection coefficient.The simulated results obtained by the hairpin ML bandpass filter show that the circuit performs well in terms of Scattering(S)parameters and the filter size is significantly reduced.

关键词： Band-pass filter 5G hairpin multi-layer size reduction parallelcoupled line

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宽窄巷子,一条最成都的老街

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孔子学院（中阿文对照版） 2022年第2期 50-57页

作者：寻梦 Mona salh(翻译) 不详

成都,一个“来了就不想走”的城市。成都人那种休闲、幽默和慢节奏的生活方式让许多人沉醉于此。而宽窄巷子就是成都最具生活气息的地方,被誉为“成都的名片和会客厅”,是老成都原汁原味的縮影,也是现代成都人挥之不去的怀旧情结。

关键词：宽窄巷子怀旧情结慢节奏原汁原味生活气息成都

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Biomarkers for hepatocellular cancer

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World Journal of Hepatology 2020年第9期12卷 558-573页

作者： Gurjot Singh Eric M Yoshida Sahaj Rathi Vladimir Marquez Peter Kim Siegfried R Erb Baljinder S salh Department of Medicine University of British ColumbiaVancouver V5Z 1M9Canada Division of Gastroenterology Department of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouver V5Z 1M9Canada Division of Oncological Surgery Department of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouver V5Z 1M9Canada

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.If diagnosed early,curative treatment options such as surgical resection,loco-regional therapies,and liver transplantation are available to patients,increasing their chances of survival and improving their quality of life.Unfortunately,most patients are diagnosed with late stage HCC where only palliative treatment is available.Therefore,biomarkers which could detect HCC early with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity,may play a crucial role in the diagnosis and management of the disease.This review will aim to provide an overview of the different biomarkers of HCC comprising those used in the diagnosis of HCC in at risk populations,as well as others with potential for prognosis,risk predisposition and prediction of response to therapeutic intervention.

关键词： Biomarkers Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver cancer Cancer Review Serum Plasma Scoring models Algorithm Genetic Micro-RNA miRNA Diagnosis Prognosis Liquid biopsy.

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Aberrant celio-mesenteric supply of the splenic flexure:Provoking a bleed

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第39期19卷 6679-6682页

作者： Matthew Wu Darren Klass Evgeny Strovski Baljinder salh David Liu Faculty of Medicine Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxNS B3H 4R2Canada Department of Radiology University of British ColumbiaVancouver General HospitalVancouverBC V6Z 3G2Canada Department of Gastroenterology University of British ColumbiaVancouver General HospitalVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada

Lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage presents a common indication for hospitalization and account for over300000 admissions per year in the United States.Multimodality imaging is often required to aid in localization of the hemorrhage prior to therapeutic intervention if endoscopic treatment fails.Imaging includes computer tomography angiography,red blood cell tagged scintigraphy and conventional angiography,with scintigraphy being the most sensitive followed by computer tomography angiography.Aberrant celio-mesenteric supply occurs in 2%of the population;however failure to identify this may result in failed endovascular therapy.Computer tomography angiography is sensitive for arterial hemorrhage and delineates the anatomy,allowing the treating physician to plan an endovascular approach.If at the time of conventional angiography,the active bleed is not visualized,but the site of bleeding has been identified on computer tomography angiography,provocative angiography can be utilized in order to stimulate bleeding and subsequent targeted treatment.We describe a case of lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage at the splenic flexure supplied by a celiomesenteric branch in a patient and provocative angiography with tissue plasminogen activator utilized at the time of treatment to illicit the site of hemorrhage and subsequent treatment.

关键词： Hemorrhage Mesenteric arteries Colon transverse Thrombolytic therapy Embolization therapeutic Computer tomography

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雷公藤红素在去势抵抗型前列腺癌中潜在应用的研究

雷公藤红素在去势抵抗型前列腺癌中潜在应用的研究

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作者：拉别（Hussein Wahhab salh Rabeea）哈尔滨工业大学

学位级别：硕士

前列腺癌(Prostate Cancer,PC)是严重威胁男性健康的重大疾病之一。美国癌症学会每年发布的全国卫生统计数据显示,男性PC的死亡率仅次于肺癌及支气管癌,连续高居各年龄段男性癌症患者死亡率的第二位。雄激素(Androgen)及其受体(Androgen... 详细信息

前列腺癌(Prostate Cancer,PC)是严重威胁男性健康的重大疾病之一。美国癌症学会每年发布的全国卫生统计数据显示,男性PC的死亡率仅次于肺癌及支气管癌,连续高居各年龄段男性癌症患者死亡率的第二位。雄激素(Androgen)及其受体(Androgen Receptor,AR)在前列腺癌的发生与演进过程中发挥重要作用,因此,通过手术或药物去势抑制AR转录活性的雄激素剥夺治疗(Androgen Deprivation Therapy,ADT)一直是前列腺癌治疗的标准方法。尽管雄激素被剥夺可以暂时延缓患者的生存期,但大部分患者会在几年内发生癌症复发,发展为浸润性更强的前列腺癌,即去势抵抗性前列腺癌(Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer,CRPC)。AR基因包含8个外显子和7个内含子,全长约90kb,编码约919个氨基酸残基,一般由四个结构域组成。其中NTD(N-Terminus domain)为外显子A编码的低保守的氨基端结构域,又称转录激活域(transcription activate domain,TAD)。DBD(DNA-binding domain)为一个相对较小的结构域。此区域包括3个α螺旋组成的两个锌指结构。AR的DBD区与其他类固醇受体的结合区域具有高度的同族性,通过此区AR识别并结合ARE,结合后的受体/激素复合物便可刺激转录起始位点附近的起始前复合物形成同时使该复合物稳定,进而将其与RNA聚合酶Ⅱ连接,活化信息核糖核酸mRNA的转录。LBD(ligand binding domain)与DBD区之间由一个含有核定位信号的铰链区(flexible hinge)相连,主要功能为决定配体/受体之间的特异性结合,同时LBD区与NTD区为两个完成AR活化调节转录的两个主要结构域。除此之外,LBD区还包含与热休克蛋白(heat shock protein,HSP)相互作用区,二聚体化区域以及一个转录激活功能区AF2(activation function 2)。在体内没有雄激素存在时,LBD区一般与不同分子量的HSP等分子伴侣结合,使构象维持在一种激素高亲和状态,以寡聚体的形式存在于胞浆中,此时AR不具有转录活性。一旦AR与雄激素结合后,其空间构象就发生了改变,同时与HSP解离,进一步磷酸化,进而使其与DNA的亲和力增高,发生AR的活化。活化以后的AR头头尾尾相接,形成同源二聚体,然后进入靶细胞核,与靶基因启动子中特定的DNA序列——雄激素反应元件(androgen response element,ARE)相结合,再在TIF-2、CBP/p300、ARA70、ARA54、BAG-IL等共调节因子(coregulator)的作用下开启转录调控,激活一系列与细胞生长发育、自动平衡、生殖代谢等活动相关的靶基因,如前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、SLP、probasin等基因的表达,进而发挥其生物学效应。这种ar的活化被称之为配体(激素)依赖性ar的活化(ligand-dependentactivation),还有研究表明,在没有发生基因突变的情况下,ar的活化还可以通过配体非依赖性(ligand-independentactivation)机制进行。可见,ar的转录调节功能对于引发靶基因的有效转录,指导特定蛋白质的合成及细胞的生长和分化具有重要意义。去势抵抗的形成源于ar被重新激活。在crpc中,ar仍持续高表达且有转录活性;利用crpc动物模型证实crpc的生长依赖于ar的重新激活;去势后crpc患者体内有雄激素残留,在crpc患者的肿瘤样品中发现高水平的与雄激素合成相关的酶,说明肿瘤细胞内可以合成雄激素。恩杂鲁胺(enzalutamide)和阿比特龙(abiraterone)是美国食品与药物管理局(fda)新批准的第二代雄激素/雄激素受体(ar)拮抗药物,分别抑制雄激素的合成及雄激素与受体的结合。abiraterone抑制雄激素合成必须的cyp17a1酶活性,enzalutamide是一种更有效的雄激素与ar结合的拮抗剂。以enzalutamide和abiraterone为代表的第二代荷尔蒙治疗药物进入了iii期临床试验。临床试验表明,去势抵抗性前列腺癌患者表达ar剪接变异体ar-v7。ar-v7由第3外显子变异剪接形成。由于ar-v7缺少lbd,使得恩杂鲁胺和阿比特龙作用脱靶,造成前列腺癌演进为转移型去势抵抗前列腺癌(mcrpc)。此外,arlbd的体细胞突变(f876l),使得enzalutamide的作用由雄激素拮抗转变为雄激素激活。以tok-001(galeterone)为代表的第三代雄激素剥夺治疗最近进入了临床试验,其作用不仅是雄激素拮抗,还引起ar降解,因此避免了因ar突变或变异剪接引起的抗药性。对恩杂鲁胺和阿比特龙不敏感的前列腺癌患者仍然对甾醇类抗雄激素药物gal

关键词：雄激素受体雄激素受体剪接变异体-7 雷公藤红素细胞凋亡

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