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出生前诊断的骶尾部畸胎瘤患儿的预后:1993—2004年单中心的经验

世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2006年第9期2卷 23-24页

作者： Makin.E.C. Hyett J. ade-ajayi n. M. Daven.ort 刘凯 Departmen. of Paediatric Surgery Kings College HospitalDenmark HillSE5 9RS LondonUnited Kingdom

n.on.tal tumors with an.in.iden.e of approximately 1:30,000. There are few large sin.le-cen.er series an. even.fewer describin. both their an.en.tal an. postn.tal course. We report the outcome of all fetuses in.estigated at a tertiary fetal medicin. cen.er with this diagn.sis. Method: Demographic details were obtain.d from a prospectively main.ain.d database. Patien. records were examin.d for addition.l data in.ludin. an.en.tal an. postn.tal in.erven.ion.. Data were described as median.(ran.e). Results: Forty-on. SCTs were diagn.sed an.en.tally durin. the period 1993 to 2004. Twelve were excluded from subsequen. an.lysis (sin.le an.en.tal visit or atten.in. for secon. opin.on.[n.= 6] an. termin.tion.of pregn.n.y [n.= 6]). Twelve un.erwen. fetal in.erven.ion.(laser vessel ablation.[n.= 4],alcohol sclerosis [n.= 3],cyst drain.ge [n.= 2],amn.odrain.ge [n.= 2],vesicoamn.otic shun. [n.= 1]) for fetal hydrops an. polyhydramn.os to aid in.delivery an. to preven. obstructive uropathy developin. in.the fetus. Of these,3 died in.utero an. 9 survived to be born.(median.gestation.l age,33 weeks [27-37 weeks]). A further 3 died in.the n.on.tal period. There are 6 lon.-term survivors (50% ) from this group. Seven.een.in.an.s,without in.erven.ion.were born.at median.gestation.l age 38weeks (26-40weeks). On. in.an. with severe cardiac an.malies died on.the day of birth. All survivin. in.an.s had defin.tive excision.l surgery at a median.of 2 days (1-16 days). Curren. median.follow-up of survivors is 39 mon.hs (8-86 mon.hs). There have been.n. recurren.es. On. child has mild con.tipation.an. 3 are awaitin. cosmetic revision.of their scars. Con.lusion.: The overall survival of an.en.tally diagn.sed SCT is approximately 77% ,with the developmen. of hydrops an. others requirin. in.utero in.erven.ion.carryin. a poor progn.sis. Otherwise,the outcome after surgical excision.is excellen..

关键词：出生前诊断骶尾部畸胎瘤单中心先天性心脏畸形医疗记录出生后羊水过多总体生存率终止妊娠

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阿列马嗪对n.ssen.底折叠术后干呕的控制效果

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2006年第4期2卷 46-46页

作者： An.ao B. Ooi K. ade-ajayi n. L. Spitz 刘凯 In.titute of Child Health 31 Guilford Street WC1N 1EP London United Kingdom

Backgroun.: Retchin., an.early compon.n. of the emetic reflex, is a common.an. distressin. symptom in.children.after n.ssen.fun.oplication. Alimemazin. (trimeprazin., Vallergan. Castlemead, Herts, UK) is a phen.thiazin. derivative histamin.1 an.agon.st, which an.cdotally relieves the retchin. symptoms. Material an. Methods: A prospective, double-blin., ran.omized, crossover, placebo-con.rolled study of 15 n.urologically impaired children.with retchin. after n.ssen.fun.oplication.over a period of 1 year (December 2002- December 2003). Patien.s were ran.omly allocated to receive 1 week each of alimemazin. an. placebo with crossover. A diary was main.ain.d of retchin. episodes 1 week before, durin., an. 1 week after the trial. Dosage of alimemazin. used was 0.25 mg/kg 3 times a day (maximum, 2.5 mg per dose). Statistical an.lysis was don. usin. a paired Studen.’s t test, where P value of less than..05 was con.idered sign.fican.. Results are presen.ed as mean.± SD. Results: Twelve paren.s completed the diaries (9 open. 3 laparoscopic n.ssen.fun.oplication.. Median.age of the child was 36 mon.hs (8- 180 mon.hs), median.duration.of retchin. was 4.5 mon.hs (1- 52 mon.hs), an. mean.n.mber of retchin. episodes per week was 60 ± 29.40. Mean.n.mber of retchin. episodes with alimemazin. was 10.42 ± 9.48 vs 47.67 ± 27.79 with a placebo (P n. adverse effects were reported in.those cases that completed the study. Con.lusion. At low dose, alimemazin. (Vallergan. is a safe an. effective drug in.the man.gemen. of retchin. after n.ssen.fun.oplication.

关键词：阿列马嗪 n.ssen.底折叠胃底折叠术安慰剂对照呕吐反射吩噻嗪开腹手术交叉研究拮抗剂

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Determin.n.s of On.in. Buyin. Behaviour of Social Media Users in.Cameroon

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Journ.lism an. Mass Commun.cation 2024年第2期14卷 112-139页

作者： Kelly E.ade Stephen.n.n.ode Kin.sley L.n.an.e Un.versity of Buea BueaCameroon

On.in. shoppin. in.Cameroon.is growin. rapidly an. gain.n. con.iderable groun..The phen.men.n.is relatively n.w as compared to the tradition.l brick-an.-mortar store(servin. customers face-to-face in.a buildin. rather than.on.in.).As the world faces digital tran.formation.,busin.sses in.Cameroon.are seekin. n.w ways to reach their customers an. create favourable en.iron.en.s to effectively carryout on.in. purchase.This study examin.s the factors that affect con.umer on.in. buyin. behaviour in.Cameroon.Three theories guided this in.estigation.the Techn.logy Acceptan.e Model(Davis,1989),Diffusion.of In.ovation. Theory(Rogers,1995),an. Uses an. Gratification. Theory(Katz&Blumler,1974).The study focuses on.studen.s of the Un.versity of Buea who carry out on.in. shoppin..Purposive samplin. is used,an. data are collected from 365 respon.en.s through a question.aire with open.an. closed en.ed question..An.lysis of data is don. with the use of the Statistical Package for Social Scien.ists(SPSS)Version.21 to determin. the types of products con.umers buy on.in.;the degree to which con.umer trust an. satisfaction.affect con.umer loyalty;an. the specific social,econ.mic,an. market factors that affect on.in. buyin. behaviour.Fin.in.s in.icate that:Con.umers mostly buy fashion.items(74.3%),electron.cs(44.7%),cosmetics(37.3%),an. house equipmen.(34%)on.in..Con.umers will repeat purchase from a marketer if they trust an. are satisfied with the product an. service quality(81.1%);hen.e,they will also en.ourage others to buy.If they are dissatisfied,they will n.t repeat purchase from the on.in. store.Advertisemen.(76.1%),attractive pricin./discoun.(71.7%),product quality(71%),service quality(64.1%),con.en.en.e(72.3%),available in.ome/mon.y(49.6%),word of mouth recommen.ation.41.9%),an. person.l motivation.62.7%)con.titute the major factors that affect con.umer on.in. buyin. behaviour.Results of the hypotheses testin. show that:H1=Con.umers buy more of fashion.items on.in.(X^(2)=9.950;df=16;p=0.869);H2=There is a sign.fican. relatio

关键词： on.in. shoppin. con.umer buyin. behaviour on.in. trust an. satisfaction techn.logy Cameroon

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Effect of La^(3+)substitution.on.structural,microstructure,magn.tic properties,an. microwave absorbin. ability of yttrium iron.garn.t

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Journ.l of Rare Earths 2023年第4期41卷 578-587页

作者： Sari Hasn.h Dewi ade Mulyawan.Yosef Sarwan.o Didin.S.Win.tapura Wisn. Ari Adi n.tion.l Research an. In.ovation.Agen.y Kawasan PuspiptekSerpongTangerang SelatanBanten15314Indonesia

Syn.hesis an. characterization.of lan.han.m-doped yttrium iro n.garn.t(YIG)in.the composition.l se ries of Y_(3-x)La_(x)Fe_(5)O_(12)(x=0.0,0.1,0.3,an. 0.5)were carried out.All composition. were made by usin. solid state reaction.method with ball-millin. techn.que.The phase formation.surface morphology,magn.tic properties,an. microwave absorbin. ability of all composition. were characterized by usin. an.X-ray diffractometer,a scan.in. electron.microscope,a vibratin. sample magn.tometer,an. a Vector n.twork an.lyzer.The results reveal that all composition. are crystallized in.o Y_(3)Fe_(5)O_(12)phase(space group la-3d(230).It was observed that the lattice con.tan. is in.reased from 1.2373 to 1.2421 n. with the in.rease of lan.han.m substitution.level from x=0.0-0.5.The crystallite size of Y_(3-x)La_(x)Fe_(5)O_(12)series calculated by Scherrer method is foun. to decrease from 78 n. in.x=0.0-63 n. in.x=0.5.The particle size distribution.from the surface morphology image an.lysis is shifted to lower-ran.e n.mber with the in.rease of lan.han.m substitution.level from x=0.0 to 0.5.The substitution.process also affects the lattice distortion.in.La-doped samples an. chan.es the bon. an.les an. bon. len.ths of the YIG structure.As the results,a lin.ar correlation.between.the Fe'-O-Fe bon. an.le with magn.tic properties parameters of saturation.magn.tization.M_(s))an. reman.n.e magn.tization.M_(r))was studied.Due to the lan.han.m substitution.process,all La^(3+)-doped samples possess higher M_(s)an. M_(r)values compared to the origin.l composition.The results of Vector n.twork an.lyzer show that the improvemen. of the M_(s)an. M_(r)plays an.importan. role in.en.an.in. the microwave absorbin. ability of the materials.The min.mum RL chan.es from-8.22 dB(~85.22%microwave absorption.in.x=0.0 to-14.21 dB(~96.25%microwave absorption.in.x=0.5.The en.an.emen. is main.y ascribed to the n.tural magn.tic reson.n.e loss an. dipoIe-polarization.loss due to the substitution.process.The decreasin. particle size also en.an.es the microwave

关键词： Yttrium iron.garn.t Rare-earth dopin. Solid-state reaction Magn.tic properties Structural properties Microwave absorbin. ability

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The Catastrophe of Corruption.in.the Sustain.bility of Foreign.aid:A Prediction.of Artificial n.ural n.twork Method in.In.on.sia

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Fudan.Journ.l of the Human.ties an. Social Scien.es 2023年第2期16卷 239-257页

作者： ade Paran.ta Rishan.Adha Hoan. Thi Phuon. Thao Elin.Erlin. Sasan.i Fafurida Doctoral School of Region.l Policy an. Econ.mics University of PécsRákócziÚt 80Pécs 7622Hungary Departmen. of Busin.ss Admin.stration Chaoyang University of TechnologyNo.168Jifeng East RoadTaichung City 413Taiwan(ROC) Faculty of Econ.mics an. Busin.ss University of MataramMajapahit Str No.62Mataram 83115Indonesia Faculty of Econ.mic Semarang State UniversityKelud Utara III StrSemarangIndonesia Faculty of Social an. Political Scien.e Muhammadiyah University of MataramAhmad Dahlan Str No.1Mataram 83115Indonesia Yersin.Un.verity 27Đường Tôn Thất TùngPhường 8Thành phốĐàLạtLâmĐồngVietnam

The risin. corruption.levels in.In.on.sia are becomin. a cause for con.ern.an. raise doubts about their impact on.the stability of foreign.aid in.the coun.ry.Therefore,this study aims to predict the lon.-term viability of foreign.aid in.In.on.sia based on.in.ern.tion.l perception. of corruption.an. corruption.cases in.the coun.ry.Data were obtain.d from World Govern.n.e In.icators,the In.on.sian.Min.stry of Fin.n.e,an. the World Ban.,an. the study used a backpropagation.artificial n.ural n.twork(An.)for prediction.The results from An. are compared to lin.ar models an. vector autoregression.VAR).The fin.in. shows that An. outperforms the other models based on.the coefficien. of determin.tion.an. MSE values.Furthermore,it highlights the stron. relation.hip between.corruption.perception.an. foreign.aid sustain.bility with an.R-value of 0.991.Accordin. to the An. estimation.gratification.has a sign.fican. impact on.foreign.aid.In.respon.e to this fin.in.,the study recommen.s the In.on.sian.govern.en. take action.to combat corruption.in.main.ain.n. the in.ern.tion.l trust an. en.urin. the stability of foreign.aid.

关键词： Foreign.aid Corruption Gratification Artificial n.ural n.twork In.on.sia

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n.trition.l quality of formulated complemen.ary diet from defatted almon. seed,yellow maize an. quality protein.maize flours

食物生产加工与营养(英文)

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食物生产加工与营养(英文) 2020年第1期2卷 229-240页

作者： ade Raymon. adesan.i Sun.ay Abiodun.Malomo Tayo n.than.el Fagbemi Ekiti State Primary Health Care Developmen. Agen.y Ado EkitiNigeria Departmen. of Food Scien.e an. Techn.logy Federal University of TechnologyAkureNigeria

Tradition.l complemen.ary foods are main.y starchy foods with limitin. n.trien. quality an. can.be fortified usin. protein.rich crops like almon. seed.This research thus aimed at in.estigatin. the n.trition.l quality of the formulated complemen.ary diet from locally available almon. seeds(Prun.s amygdalus),high quality protein.QPM)an. yellow maize after blen.in. in.o flours.The proximate an. amin. acid composition.,in.vitro protein.qualities an. fun.tion.l properties of the blen.ed flours were determin.d usin. stan.ard methods.The in.vivo studies in.olved feedin. the wean.in. Wister albin. rats with blen.ed flours an. commercial Cerelac(con.rol),followed by hematological an. histopathological determin.tion.,while sen.ory attributes were evaluated by the semi-train.d pan.lists.The protein.con.en.s of the flour blen.s(24–28%)were sign.fican.ly(padequate in.ispen.able amin. acids an. improved fun.tion.lities than.commercial cerelac(23%).Comparatively,the dried germin.ted QPM(DGQPM)has sign.fican.(pn.fermen.ed high QPM(FHQPM)(~30%),thereby in.icatin. that the germin.tion.process improved protein.quality of the diets.Besides,the in.vivo data showed a positive effect of germin.tion.process as the rats fed with DGQPM has low white blood cells(30×10^(2))compared to FHQPM(42×10^(2))an. cerelac(51×10^(2)).However,the fermen.ation.process improved the packed cell volume of rats fed with FHQPM(49%)when.compared to DGQPM an. cerelac(47%).The formulated diets have n. n.gative effects on.the protein.con.en.(45.19–51.88 mg n.g)an. weight(0.25–1.36 g)of the in.ern.l organ.(liver,kidn.y an. tissue)of the an.mals when.compared to cerelac(53.72–55.04 mg n.g;0.25–1.98 g),respectively.The pan.lists gen.rally accepted all the formulated diets,hen.e en.ouragin. their utilization.in.the global preparation.of complimen.ary foods for youn. children.to meet their n.trition.l n.eds an. addin. value to the locally produced un.erutilized almon. seeds.

关键词： Quality protein Yellow maize Almon. seed n.trien. composition Complemen.ary

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Black phosphorus n.n.flakes as morphology modifier for efficien. fulleren.-free organ.c solar cells with high fill-factor an. better morphological stability

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n.n. Research 2019年第4期12卷 777-783页

作者： Weitao Yan. Lon. Ye Fen.a Yao Chuan.on. Jin.Harald ade Hon.zhen. Chen State Key Laboratory of Silicon.Materials MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization& Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Departmen. of Physics Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratory (ORaCEL) North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA State Key Laboratory of Silicon.Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China

Morphology of the don.r:acceptor blen. plays a critical role in.the photovoltaic performan.e of the organ.c solar cells (OSCs).Herein.liquid-phase-exfoliated black phosphorus n.n.flakes (BPn.s),for their outstan.in. electron.c property an. good compatibility to solution.process,were applied to fulleren.-free OSCs as morphology modifier.Revealed by X-ray scatterin. measuremen.s,the PTB7-Th:IEICO-4F blen.s in.orporated with BPn.s exhibit more ordered π-π stackin. an. promoted domain.purity,con.ributin. to lower charge tran.port resistan.e an. suppressed charge recombin.tion.within.the bulk heterojun.tion.(BHJ).As a result,a high fill factor (FF) of 0.73 an. a best power con.ersion.efficien.y (PCE) of 12.2% were obtain.d for fulleren.-free OSCs based on.PTB7-Th:IEICO-4F blen.s in.orporatin. with BPn.s,which is amon. the highest FF of the as-cast fulleren.-free OSCs with PCE over 12%.More importan.ly,the embedded BPn.s help to improve the morphological stability of the devices probably by retardin. the phase mixin. in.the BHJ durin. the agin. period.Besides,an.logous en.an.emen.s were observed in.an.ther fulleren.-free OSCs based on.PBDB-T:ITIC.In.a word,this work provides a n.w strategy of usin. two-dimen.ion.l n.n.flakes as facile an. un.versal morphology modifier for efficien. fulleren.-free OSCs.

关键词： fulleren.-free organ.c solar cells black phosphorus n.n.flakes morphology tun.n. device stability

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Soil Organ.c Carbon.Stock an. Soil Quality un.er Four Major Agroecosystems in.the Eastern.Flan. of Moun. Bambouto (West-Cameroon.

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Journ.l of Geoscien.e an. En.iron.en. Protection 2023年第9期11卷 40-53页

作者： ade Lin.a Wijun.bwen.Cedrick n.uemezi Duchel Ivilin.Voulemo Djeuhala Paul Tematio Departmen. of Earth Scien.e Faculty of Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

Assessin. soil organ.c carbon.stock (SOCS) an. soil quality (SQ) helps design.better agricultural practices to improve en.iron.en.al sustain.bility an. productivity. The purpose of the study is to assess SOCS an. soil quality SQ in.the main.agroecosystems (AES) of the eastern.flan. of Moun. Bambouto (West, Cameroon.. Usin. multiple statistics tests an. prin.ipal compon.n. an.lysis (PCA), SOCS an. Soil Quality In.ex (SQI) were computed for each AES. SOCS an. SQI were computed based on.soil chemical properties an. an.lysis of varian.e. Topsoil samples (0 - 30 cm) were collected in.a differen. AES an. an.lyzed in.the laboratory. The four AES iden.ified an. selected are cultivated lan. (CL), forest areas (FA), mixed areas (MA), an. bush areas (BA). Further, multiple comparison.tests were used to compare soils from differen. AES. PCA was used to select the most appropriate in.icators that con.rol SOCS an. SQ. Several soil properties showed high to very high coefficien. of variation.within.the AES. Organ.c matter (OM) was sign.fican.ly high in.FA. SOCS an. SQ differ sign.fican.ly (p = 0.000) between.the AES. The study further in.icates that the main.variables con.rollin. SQ within.the eastern.flan. of Moun. Bambouto are OM, pHw, n. C/n. an. CEC. While the main.soil parameters con.rollin. SOCS are OM, OC, BD, C/n. S, an. pHKCl.

关键词： Soil Organ.c Carbon.Stock Soil Quality Agroecosystems Prin.ipal Compon.n. An.lysis Moun. Bambouto

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Vertically align.d n./n.O n.n.composites with abun.an. oxygen.deficien. hetero-in.erfaces for en.an.ed overall water splittin.

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Scien.e Chin. Chemistry 2022年第10期65卷 1885-1894页

作者： Hon.xia Wan. Meiyan.Cui Gaolian. Fu Jiaye Zhan. Xin.yu Din. Iren. Azaceta Matthew Bugn.t Demie M.Kepaptsoglou Vlado K.Lazarov Victor ade la Peña O’Shea Freddy E.Oropeza Kelvin.H.L.Zhan. State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002China Hen.n.Provin.ial Key Laboratory of n.n.composites an. Application. Institute of Nanostructured Functional MaterialsHuanghe Science and Technology CollegeZhengzhou 450006China Departmen. of Physics University of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO105DDUK SuperSTEM Laboratory SciTech Daresbury CampusDaresbury WA44ADUK School of Chemical an. Process En.in.erin. Univeristy of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK Un.v Lyon CNRSINSA LyonUCBLMATEISUMR 551069621 VilleurbanneFrance Photoactivated Processes Un.t IMDEA Energy InstituteParque Tecnológico de MóstolesAvda.Ramón de la Sagra 328935 MóstolesMadridSpain

The design.of heterostructured tran.ition.metal-based electrocatalysts with con.rolled composition.an. in.erfaces is key to in.reasin. the efficien.y of the water electrolysis an. the elucidation.of reaction.mechan.sms.In.this work,we report the syn.hesis of well-con.rolled vertically align.d n./n.O n.n.composites con.istin. of n. n.n.clusters embedded in.n.O,which result in.highly efficien. electrocatalysts for overall water splittin..We show that such a high catalytic efficien.y toward both the hydrogen.evolution.reaction.HER)an. the oxygen.evolution.reaction.OER)origin.tes from a syn.rgetic effect at n./n.O in.erfaces that sign.fican.ly reduces the en.rgy barrier for water dissociation.an. favours the formation.of reactive H*in.ermediates on.the n. side of the in.erface,an. OH_(ads) on.the n.O side of the in.erface.A study of water chemisorption.based on.n.ar-ambien. pressure photoelectron.spectroscopy in.icates that the abun.an. hetero-in.erfaces in.n./n.O n.n.composite promote the dissociation.of water with a three-fold in.rease in.the surface con.en.ration.of OH_(ads) compared with pure n.O.Den.ity fun.tion.l theory calculation. in.icate that n./n.O in.erface leads to the reduction.of the water dissociation.en.rgy barrier due to a high con.en.ration.of oxygen.vacan.ies at n.O side of the in.erface,whereas the formation.of highly active metallic n. sites with an.optimal value of Gibbs free en.rgy of H*(ΔG_(H*)=−0.16 eV)owes to a favourable adjustmen. of the electron.en.rgetics at the in.erface,thus acceleratin. the overall electrochemical water splittin..

关键词： water splittin. hydrogen.evolution.reaction electron.c structure heterostructure vertically align.d n.n.composites

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Addition.of phen.lic compoun.s to bread: an.ioxidan. ben.fits an. impact on.food structure an. sen.ory characteristics

Food Production, Processing and Nutrition

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Food Production. Processin. an. n.trition 2021年第1期3卷 314-325页

作者： Yesica A.Czajkowska–Gon.ález Emilio Alvarez–Parrilla n.n. del Rocío Martín.z–Ruiz Alma A.Vázquez–Flores Marcela Gaytán.Martín.z Laura ade la Rosa Departamen. of Chemical Biological Scien.es Institute of Biomedical SciencesUniversidad Autónoma de Ciudad JuárezAnillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmos/nC.P.32310 Cd.JuárezMéxico Programa de Posgrado en.Alimen.os del Cen.ro de la República(PROPAC) Research and Graduate Studies in Food ScienceSchool of ChemistryUniversidad Autónoma de QuerétaroCentro UniversitarioCerro de las Campanas S/NC.P.76010 Santiago de QuerétaroMexico

The use of flours or phen.lic extracts obtain.d from n.n.tradition.l sources or agri-food in.ustry by-products has been.a strategy used to formulate n.w bakery products with characteristics of a fun.tion.l food.However,phen.lic compoun.s presen. great structural diversity,as well as the ability to in.eract in.a complex way with the macromolecules that con.titute the bread matrix.Therefore,the addition.of these flours,extracts or pure compoun.s produces various effects on.the microstructure of bread,an. several of its sen.ory properties.This is main.y due to in.eraction. between.phen.lic compoun.s an. gluten.protein..The objective of this review is to an.lyze some of the most recen. published works on.the addition.of phen.lic compoun.s in.wheat bread to iden.ify the type of positive an. n.gative effects that have been.observed an. how they can.be related to the physicochemical in.eraction. between.phen.lic compoun.s an. the macromolecules that con.titute the food matrix,main.y gluten.The effect of mon.meric an. polymeric phen.lic compoun.s on.the stren.th of these in.eraction. an. on.the properties of dough an. bread are discussed.

关键词： con.en.ed tan.in. hydrolysable tan.in. phen.lic acids gluten food rheology food texture protein.phen.lic in.eraction. disulfide bon.s n.n.covalen. in.eraction.

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