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An Application of Machine Learning Methods to Detect Mango Varieties

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第7期14卷 1666-1690页

作者： Abou Bakary Ballo Moustapha Diaby adama Coulibaly Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University FLIX HOUPHOUT-BOIGNY Abidjan Cte dIvoire African College of Information and Communication Technologies Abidjan Cte dIvoire

The mango, a fruit of immense economic and dietary significance in numerous tropical and subtropical regions, plays a pivotal role in our agricultural landscape. Accurate identification is not just a necessity, but a crucial step for effective classification, sorting, and marketing. This study delves into the potential of machine learning for this task, comparing the performance of four models: MobileNetV2, Xception, VGG16, and ResNet50V2. These models were trained on a dataset of annotated mango images, and their performance was evaluated using precision, accuracy, F1 score, and recall, which are standard metrics for image classification. The Xception model, with its exceptional performance, outshone the other models on all performance indicators. It achieved a staggering accuracy of 99.47%, an F1 score of 99.43%, and a recall of 99.43%, showcasing its remarkable ability to accurately identify mango varieties. MobileNetV2 followed closely with performances of 98.95% accuracy, 98.85% F1 score, and 98.86% recall. ResNet50V2 also delivered satisfactory results with 97.39% accuracy, 97.08% F1 score, and 97.17% recall. VGG16, however, was the least effective, with a precision rate of 83.25%, an F1 score of 83.25%, and a recall of 85.47%. These results confirm the superiority of the Xception model in detecting mango varieties. Its advanced architecture allows it to capture more distinguishing features of mango images, leading to greater precision and reliability. Xception’s robustness in identifying true positives is another advantage, minimizing false positives and contributing to more accurate classification. This study highlights the promising potential of machine learning, particularly the Xception model, for accurately identifying mango varieties.

关键词： Machine Learning Recognition Mango Varieties Algorithms Feature Extraction Convolution Training Classification

中塞跨区域的发展合作 ——以弗里敦从‘军事基地’向‘旅游城市’的转型为例

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中塞跨区域的发展合作 ——以弗里敦从‘军事基地’向‘旅游城市...

作者： adama Kadijah Thoronka 吉林大学

学位级别：硕士

本文旨在探讨中国-塞拉利昂跨区域发展合作和弗里敦在非洲转型的最新经验。近几十年来,令我们惊讶的是,弗里敦在21世纪已经从一个军事基地转变为非洲大陆西北沿海地区的旅游城市。尽管“一带一路”倡议(The BRI Initiative)存在争议,但... 详细信息

本文旨在探讨中国-塞拉利昂跨区域发展合作和弗里敦在非洲转型的最新经验。近几十年来,令我们惊讶的是,弗里敦在21世纪已经从一个军事基地转变为非洲大陆西北沿海地区的旅游城市。尽管“一带一路”倡议(The BRI Initiative)存在争议,但本文发现,中国在塞拉利昂的基础设施项目一直是为当地民众和社会提供可持续发展的一种重要动力。在这种现实背景下,对于弗里敦转型经验的利弊及其客观评估,我们试图利用塞拉利昂首都弗里敦的历史经验进行案例研究,弥合当前学术研究与现实世界之间所存在的不可忽略的巨大差距。在这种时代性的现实背景下,本研究重点分析了中国在塞拉利昂的投资对非洲国家国内主要部门的积极影响:(1)塞拉利昂正在进行之中的强调经济增长的现代化发展方案,(2)强调当地交通连通性的更大基础设施建设,以及(3)扩大旅游业,强调新兴产业。因此,通过把重点放在弗里敦最近的转型方面上,这一新的努力有望促进非洲的区域稳定和塞拉利昂经济结构的日益多样化。在第一章中,文章通过对现有研究成果的考察和实证数据分析,不仅试图提供概述,而且加深对中国-塞拉利昂发展合作(和基础设施合作)如何使弗里敦从20世纪的军事基地转变为21世纪的旅游城市的理解。文章分析了弗里敦如何在过去内战期间成为军事行动的地理基地,后来通过中塞跨区域的发展合作(和基础设施合作)将弗里敦转变为在非洲大陆西北海岸的旅游城市之一。本研究详细地探讨了中国基础设施项目如何帮助非洲国家塞拉利昂实现其新的发展目标。总的来说,所有这些都可能产生溢出效应,从而积极地引发旅游业的创造及其在这个非洲国家塞拉利昂的首都弗里敦取得一定程度上的成功。本文通过对道路基础设施建设等积极影响的案例研究,强调中国引导的海外基础设施投资与塞拉利昂经济多元化之间存在的一种关联性。在第二章中,文章重点进行了关于塞拉利昂和弗里敦的案例研究:(1)中国对塞拉利昂的基础设施援助,以及(2)21世纪的弗里敦如何从军营基地转变为旅游城市。对于中塞的基础设施合作和对外援助而言,这有着深厚的近代历史根基。自1970年代以来,中国一直扮演着外国投资者和塞拉利昂发展议程合作伙伴的重要角色。值得注意的是,这些伙伴关系在各个工业部门取得了许多成就,例如(1)能源、(2)农业、(3)教育和(4)公共卫生部门。因此,在它们的长期积极影响的支持下,可以说塞拉利昂近年来在社会经济发展方面取得了长足的进步。有鉴于此,文章从跨区域发展合作的角度出发,讨论了塞拉利昂与中国的外交关系,以及中国-塞拉利昂在(跨区域的)基础设施合作项目方面的地缘政治优势,强调了两国之间的长期友谊以及持续合作所带来的互惠互利。第三章重点探讨了中国与塞拉利昂之间所形成的一种发展型合作关系以及有关案例分析的主要内容。这是在中国“一带一路”倡议的更广泛背景下进行的。换言之,这是为了提供社会经济发展的一种新的双赢模式,同时这将会涉及到在跨境地区的关键基础设施建设及其一种交通连通性的改善。但是,来自第三世界的不同非洲国家,它们可能只受益于与中国外交合作的机会,无法享受跟中国发展合作的一种新的时代性机遇。换句话说,从结果上看,其他非洲国家跟中国的发展合作情况是截然不同的。也就是说,就中国和塞拉利昂之间的跨区域发展合作而言,它对两国及其他非洲邻国也具有深远的启发或影响。在这样的现实背景下,作为一种较好的榜样,本文集中讨论了中国对塞拉利昂的积极影响及其对非洲地区发展合作的一种新的双赢模式。在第四章中,文章试图阐明弗里敦如何在中塞跨区域发展合作的大背景下转变为吸引外国游客的旅游城市之一。众所周知,作为塞拉利昂的首都和交通中心,弗里敦是位于非洲西北海岸地区的一座城市的。针对这些,本文还讨论了旅游产业的巨大发展潜力,及其呈现出逐渐增长趋势的海外投资。与此同时,从不同的角度看,这还涉及到其他的考虑因素。譬如,在弗里敦的转型方面,值得考虑一系列的环境因素、社会动态和政策实施过程中遇到的许多其他挑战和不同目标。这部分从塞拉利昂作为外国游客旅游目的地的潜力以及政府为其经济引入外国投资的动力开始。客观地说,尽管面临埃博拉疫情、油价下跌、铁矿石价格下跌等诸多挑战,塞拉利昂旅游业仍在快速复苏,通过抓取新的收入来源和注重绿色旅游。此外,值得注意的是,它还涵盖保护自然和历史资产。正因如此,从军事基地到旅游城市的一种历史性转型经验,可以理解为前所未有的一种尝试,以改变旧式发展战略,采用全新的战略来促进非洲国家的一种旅游导向型发展路线。它还计划扩大经济,并在有效的政策工具方面确保新的塞拉利昂政府的税收来源和财政收入。同时不可忽略的是,从塞拉利昂国内社会的视角看,这还包括其保护文化遗产的不懈努力。然而,在向旅游热点转型方面,塞拉利昂也有其自身的种种问题,譬如,基础设施仍然不足、外国游客费用高昂以及缺乏在旅游

关键词：一带一路倡议弗里敦塞拉利昂基础设施合作经济发展

A Lightweight Convolutional Neural Network with Hierarchical Multi-Scale Feature Fusion for Image Classification

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2024年第2期12卷 173-200页

作者： adama Dembele Ronald Waweru Mwangi Ananda Omutokoh Kube Department of Mathematics Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences Technology and Innovation Nairobi Kenya Department of Computing School of Computing and Information Technology Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Department of Mathematics and Actuarial Sciences Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are widely used in image classification tasks, but their increasing model size and computation make them challenging to implement on embedded systems with constrained hardware resources. To address this issue, the MobileNetV1 network was developed, which employs depthwise convolution to reduce network complexity. MobileNetV1 employs a stride of 2 in several convolutional layers to decrease the spatial resolution of feature maps, thereby lowering computational costs. However, this stride setting can lead to a loss of spatial information, particularly affecting the detection and representation of smaller objects or finer details in images. To maintain the trade-off between complexity and model performance, a lightweight convolutional neural network with hierarchical multi-scale feature fusion based on the MobileNetV1 network is proposed. The network consists of two main subnetworks. The first subnetwork uses a depthwise dilated separable convolution (DDSC) layer to learn imaging features with fewer parameters, which results in a lightweight and computationally inexpensive network. Furthermore, depthwise dilated convolution in DDSC layer effectively expands the field of view of filters, allowing them to incorporate a larger context. The second subnetwork is a hierarchical multi-scale feature fusion (HMFF) module that uses parallel multi-resolution branches architecture to process the input feature map in order to extract the multi-scale feature information of the input image. Experimental results on the CIFAR-10, Malaria, and KvasirV1 datasets demonstrate that the proposed method is efficient, reducing the network parameters and computational cost by 65.02% and 39.78%, respectively, while maintaining the network performance compared to the MobileNetV1 baseline.

关键词： MobileNet Image Classification Lightweight Convolutional Neural Network Depthwise Dilated Separable Convolution Hierarchical Multi-Scale Feature Fusion

Growth, Population Parameters and Stock Status of Sarotherodon galilaeus in Samandeni Reservoir, Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Ecology 2024年第4期14卷 257-273页

作者： Nomwine Da Raymond Ouedraogo Mahamoudou Minoungou adama Oueda Institute for the Environment and Agricultural Research National Center for Scientific and Technological Research Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Animal Biology and Ecology Laboratory Joseph Ki-Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Mango tilapia, Sarotherodon galilaeus is one of the most caught fish species in the Samandeni multi-species fishing sites of which, few data on its biology and exploitation are available. The study aimed to Assess the stock status of S. galilaeus. Sampling was conducted from March, 2021 to February 2022 based on commercial fish catches to analyze growth parameters, first sexual maturity size and harvest status of the stock. A total of 572 specimens including 297 females and 275 males were examined. The stock assessment was performed by using the Length based Bayesian method of Biomass (LBB) and that of growth by the ELEFAN method. The growth parameters showed a seasonality of growth and females appeared to grow faster than males. On the other hand, males had a greater asymptotic length than females. Results on the estimated length of fish at first maturity showed that females firstly reached the maturity compared to males. The relative biomass (B/Bub>0ub>) estimated for the stock was higher than the relative biomass that produces maximum sustainable yield (Bub>MSYub>/Bub>0ub>) indicating healthy biomass. In addition, the length at first sexual maturity was less than the length at the first catch, indicating the absence of overfishing of growth. In addition, extending the study to the various stocks of the reservoir would be important for the sustainable management of the Samandeni high economic fishing area.

关键词： Growth Stock Status Sarotherodon galilaeus Samandeni Reservoir Maturity

Physical and Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Composite Materials Based on Raw Earth and Crushed Palm Leaf Fibers (Borassus aethiopum)

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2024年第9期15卷 358-377页

作者： Mouhamadou Nabi Kane Mapathe Ndiaye Pape Moussa Touré adama Dione university College of Architecture of Dakar (CuAD) UFR SI University of Thies This Senegal Laboratory of Mechanics and Modeling UFR SI University of This This Senegal Laboratoire dEnergtique Applique (LEA) Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Institut of Earth Sciences (IST) Universit Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD) Dakar Senegal

The objective of this study is to seek solutions to reduce the impact of buildings on climate change and to promote the use of local bio-sourced or geo-sourced materials for sustainable construction. Different samples of raw earth from 3 sites were taken in the commune of Mlomp. Geotechnical tests showed that the raw earth samples from sites 2 and 3 have more clay fraction while site 1 contains more sand. The fact of integrating fibers from crushed palm leaves (Borassus aethiopum) (2%, 4% and 6%) into the 3 raw earth samples reduced the mechanical resistance to compression and traction of the 3 raw earths. The experimental results of thermal tests on samples of earth mixtures with crushed Palma leaf fibers show a decrease in thermal conductivity as well as thermal effusivity as the percentages increase (2%, 4% and 6%) of fibers in raw earth for the 3 sites. This shows that this renewable composite material can help improve the thermal insulation of building envelopes.

关键词： Raw Earth Palma Leaf Fibers Ecological Composite Materials Physical Thermo-Mechanical Thermal Conductivity Thermal Effusivity

Hemangioblastoma Incidentally Discovered at CT Scan in Bamako: About a Case

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Open Journal of Medical Imaging 2024年第3期14卷 123-127页

作者： Traore Ousmane N’Diaye Mamadou Dembélé Mamadou Dembélé adama Diakité Siaka Sidibé Mansa Drissa Camara Nagnoumague Keita adama Diaman Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging The Marie Curie Medical Clinic Bamako Mali Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology The University of Science Techniques and Technologies Bamako Mali Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging The University Hospital Center of Point G Bamako Mali

Hemangioblastomas are benign vascular tumors of the brain. These are rare tumors, usually located in the cerebellum and most often affecting young adults. The aim was to study the value of CT in the management of hemangioblastoma through observation. We report the case of a 38-year-old patient referred to the radiology and Medical Imaging Department of the Marie Curie Medical Clinic in Bamako, Mali, for an orbito-cerebral CT scan in a context of bilateral eyelid edema. The examination was performed using multi-slice computed tomography (16 slices) with reconstruction in the 3 planes of space without and with the injection of an iodinated contrast agent. The CT scan was crucial in making the diagnosis of hemangioblastoma incidentally, which allowed for adequate management. The patient was operated on, and the radiological outcome was favorable, without significant cystic formation, after postoperative control and clinical signs were resolved. CT can be an interesting alternative in countries like ours despite MRI being the examination of choice in hemangioblastomas.

关键词： Hemangioblastoma CT Scan Incidental Discovery and Bamako

Rare-Element Pegmatites Rocks Rich and Li of the Aïr Massif of the Tchirozerine: Mineralogy and Chemical Composition Agadez Region-Northem Niger

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 171-181页

作者： Ntoumbé Mama Hamza Bassara Amaya adama Awona Paul Zéphyrin Nomenjanahary Limbisoa Department of Mines Geology School of Geology and Mining Engineering University of Ngaoundere Meiganga Cameroon Department of Geology Faculty of Sciences and Technic University of Abdou Moumouni Niger Department of Geomatic and Geology Mapping School of Geology and Mining Engineering University of Ngaoundere Meiganga Cameroon National Advance School of Engineering of Yaounde Yaounde Cameroon School of Thematic Doctoral Faculty of Sciences University of Antsiranana Antsiranana Madagascar

The lithium potential in the Aïr massif is represented by mineral index of spodumene pegmatites and, lepidolite pegmatites. The mineral deposits of lithium occur in cluster or veins that cut the host rock or are located near the contact between the greenstone belt and granitic massif. The evidence of lithium is in the form of clusters or disseminated and stockwerk. Mineralogical characteristics show similarities between the Air Massif pegmatites and indicate the same homogenous source during the magma-generation process. The pegmatite rocks attracted the attention due to their wide exposure and composition, well appearance, and economically hosting of significant rare earth metals such as Sn and W. The mineralogical and petrographical investigations on the eight pegmatites rocks samples observed have a relative similarity, while a little difference in the shapes attributed to the ratio in the pegmatite rocks of the minerals. The occurrence of the kink band indicates the influence of the tectonic processes which affected the Aïr massif after the emplacement of late magmatic or post-magmatic pegmatites by injection into fractured rocks in the upper part of the crust. The Air Massif pegmatite has higher concentrations Li and of all trace elements except Hf and occasionally Zr, Ti, Sn and Mg of for the economic exploration.

关键词： Pegmatite Lithium Rare Elements Hydrothermal Processes Aïr Massif

Performance Evaluation of Solar Chimney Draft: Application to Ventilation

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2024年第4期15卷 107-122页

作者： Boukaré Ouedraogo adama Ouedraogo Arouna Kabore Kalifa Palm Dieudonné Joseph Bahiebo Laboratoire dEnergies Thermiques Renouvelables (LETRE) Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO: UFR/SEA Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique Physique Spatiale et Energtique (LACAPSE) Universit Norbert ZONGO Koudougou Burkina Faso Centre universitaire Polytechnique de Kaya (CuP-Kaya) Universit Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire des Systmes dEnergie Renouvelable et Environnement Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliques et Technologies (IRSAT) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Ventilation is one of the factors contributing to energy consumption in buildings and food preservation. The solar chimney proves to be an alternative for reducing conventional energy consumption. Thus, in this study, the performance of a solar chimney with two active faces for thermally drawing air from a chamber for preserving agri-food products was evaluated. These performances were experimentally assessed through data measurements: temperatures and velocities within the chimney, and their analysis using Excel and MATLAB. The obtained results were compared with those from literature to verify their validity. From this study, it is found that the maximum temperature at the chimney outlet reaches 49.4˚C with an average value of 43.7˚C. Additionally, the heating evolution of the chimney air presents four (04) identical phases in pairs, reflecting the chimney’s operation throughout day. The temperature difference between the outlet and inlet of the chimney reaches a maximum of 17˚C with an average of 12.6˚C. Regarding airflow, the maximum air velocity at the chimney outlet is 0.8 m/s, and the average velocities have consistently been greater than or equal to 0.46 m/s. Thus, it can be concluded that the solar chimney is capable of providing ventilation for the preservation chamber through thermal draft.

关键词： Solar Chimney Natural Ventilation Thermal Draft Airflow Chimney Effect

Study of the Management and Disposal Practices of unused or Out-of-Date Medicines by Households in the Municipality of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第3期12卷 291-302页

作者： Daniel Dori adama Guembré Kampadilemba Ouoba Nicolas Méda Rasmané Semdé Drug Development Laboratory African Center of Excellence for Training Research and Expertise in Pharmaceutical Sciences (CEA-CFOREM) Sciences and Health Doctoral School Training and Research Unit in Health Sciences Joseph KI-ZERBO University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Charles De Gaulle university Children's Hospital (CHuP-CDG) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso National Agency for Pharmaceutical Regulation (ANRP) Ministry of Health Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Public Health Laboratory Sciences and Health Doctoral School Joseph KI-ZERBO University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Introduction: Not all medicines that pass-through consumers’ hands are used, and some often expire in households. These health products can be sources of accidental risks and pollution when they are not properly disposed of. In Burkina Faso, there are as yet no guidelines for the disposal of unused medicines in households. The aim of this study was to estimate the extent of household possession of unused or expired medicines, and to describe attitudes and disposal practices. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study covering households in the Ouagadougou commune conducted from June to August 2021. Two-stage stratified sampling was used: selection of Enumeration Zones (EZs) and selection of households, with each EZ comprising several households. Data collection was based on direct interviews using a structured questionnaire. Data were processed using Epi Info software version 7.***.4.0. Results: In total, 417 household residents were surveyed out of the planned 423 households, corresponding to a completion rate of 98.58% compared with the initial sample. Among the respondents, 79.62% had unused and/or expired medicines in their household. A total of 2562 drug packaging units were counted, for a total weight of 121.90 kg. Nearly 75% were aware that improper disposal was a danger to the environment. Some respondents kept their unused medicines at home until they expired (43.41%), and disposed of them mainly by throwing them in the household garbage (75.58%). The majority (79%) were in favor of the government setting up a take-back program for these medicines. Conclusion: The introduction of a take-back program for unused or out-of-date medicines will ensure safer disposal of medicines, and better protection for households and the environment.

关键词： unused Medicines Expired Medicines Disposal Household Risk