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Effect of dietary fibre on the gastrointestinal microbiota during critical illness:A scoping review

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World Journal of Critical Care medicine 2025年第1期14卷 49-59页

作者： Angajendra N Ghosh Calum J Walsh matthew J maiden Tim P Stinear adam m Deane Department of Intensive Care The Northern HospitalEpping 3076VictoriaAustralia Department of microbiology and Immunology The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourne 3052VictoriaAustralia Department of Intensive Care The Royal Melbourne HospitalThe University of MelbourneParkville 3050VictoriaAustralia Department of Intensive Care medicine The Royal Melbourne HospitalParkville 3050VictoriaAustralia

The systemic effects of gastrointestinal(GI)microbiota in health and during chronic diseases is increasingly *** strategies to modulate the GI microbiota during chronic diseases have demonstrated *** changes in dietary intake can rapidly change the GI microbiota,the impact of dietary changes during acute critical illness on the microbiota remain *** fibre is metabolised by carbohydrate-active enzymes and,in health,can alter GI *** aim of this scoping review was to describe the effects of dietary fibre supplementation in health and disease states,specifically during critical *** controlled trials and prospective cohort studies that include adults(>18 years age)and reported changes to GI microbiota as one of the study outcomes using non-culture methods,were *** show dietary fibres have an impact on faecal microbiota in health and *** fibre,inulin,has a marked and specific effect on increasing the abundance of faecal *** chain fatty acids produced by Bifidobacteria have been shown to be beneficial in other patient *** few trials have evaluated the effect of dietary fibre on the GI microbiota during critical *** research is necessary to establish optimal fibre type,doses,duration of intervention in critical illness.

关键词： Gastrointestinal microbiota Dietary fibre Health Critical illness Short chain fatty acids

Symbol detection based on Voronoi surfaces with emphasis on superposition modulation

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Digital Communications and Networks 2017年第3期3卷 141-149页

作者： martin Damrath Peter adam Hoeher Gilbert J.m. Forkel Institute of Electrical and Information Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Kiel Kaiserstr. 2 24143 Kiel Germany

A challenging task when applying high-order digital modulation schemes is the complexity of the detector. Particularly, the complexity of the optimal a posteriori probability （APP） detector increases exponentially with respect to the number of bits per data symbol. This statement is also true for the max-Log-APP detector, which is a common simplification of the APP detector. Thus it is important to design new detection algorithms which combine a sufficient performance with low complexity. In this contribution, a detection algorithm for two- dimensional digital modulation schemes which cannot be split-up into real and imaginary parts （like phase shift keying and phase-shifted snperposition modulation （PSm）） is proposed with emphasis on PSm with equal power allocation. This algorithm exploits the relationship between max-Log-APP detection and a Voronoi diagram to determine planar surfaces of the soft outputs over the entire range of detector input values. As opposed to state-of-the-art detectors based on Voronoi surfaces, a priori information is taken into account, enabling iterative processing. Since the algorithm achieves max-Log-APP performance, even in the presence of a priori information, this implies a great potential for complexity reduction compared to the classical APP detection.

关键词： Digital modulation Demodulation Detection algorithms Linear approximation

Depression following a traumatic brain injury:uncovering cytokine dysregulation as a pathogenic mechanism

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Neural regeneration research 2018年第10期13卷 1693-1704页

作者： Colleen N.Bodnar Josh m.morganti adam D.Bachstetter Spinal Cord & Brain Injury research Center University of Kentucky Department of Neuroscience University of Kentucky Sanders-Brown Center on Aging University of Kentucky

A substantial number of individuals have long-lasting adverse effects from a traumatic brain injury（TBI）. Depression is one of these long-term complications that influences many aspects of life. Depression can limit the ability to return to work, and even worsen cognitive function and contribute to dementia. The mechanistic cause for the increased depression risk associated with a TBI remains to be defined. As TBI results in chronic neuroinflammation, and priming of glia to a secondary challenge, the inflammatory theory of depression provides a promising framework for investigating the cause of depression following a TBI. Increases in cytokines similar to those seen in depression in the general population are also increased following a TBI. Biomarker levels of cytokines peak within hours-to-days after the injury, yet pro-inflammatory cytokines may still be elevated above physiological levels months-to-years following TBI, which is the time frame in which post-TBI depression can persist. As tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1 can signal directly at the neuronal synapse, pathophysiological levels of these cytokines can detrimentally alter neuronal synaptic physiology. The purpose of this review is to outline the current evidence for the inflammatory hypothesis of depression specifically as it relates to depression following a TBI. moreover, we will illustrate the potential synaptic mechanisms by which tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1 could contribute to depression. The association of inflammation with the development of depression is compelling; however, in the context of post-TBI depression, the role of inflammation is understudied. This review attempts to highlight the need to understand and treat the psychological complications of a TBI, potentially by neuroimmune modulation, as the neuropsychiatric disabilities can have a great impact on the rehabilitation from the injury, and overall quality of life.

关键词： concussion major-depressive disorder chronic traumatic encephalopathy inflammation tumor necrosis factor α interleukin 1 microglia astrocytes synaptic physiology N-methyl-D-aspartic acid

Effect of tapping tools and date of tapping on Acacia polyacantha gum yield in South Kordofan State, Sudan

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Journal of Forestry research 2011年第1期22卷 117-122页

作者： Idris musa adam Kamal E.m. Fadl Agricultural research Corporation Kadugli Research Station P.O. Box 10 Kadugli Sudan Agricultural research Corporation El-Obied Research Station P.O. Box 429 El-Obied Sudan

A study was conducted in South Kordofan, Sudan to determine the effect of tapping, tapping tools and date of tapping on the gum yield of Acacia polyacantha. A two-factor experiment was conducted for two seasons in 2008-2009. One location was used for two seasons and two locations for one season. The first factor （4 levels） was the tools of tapping： makmak, Farrar, and Sonki, and the control which was not tapped. The second factor （2 levels） was the date of tapping that comprises mid October and mid November. These treatments were arranged in randomaized Complete Block Design and replicated three times. Gum yield （g/tree and g/ picking） was recorded for five pickings. Economic analysis was done using the partial budget technique. The results showed highly significant （p 〈 0.01） differences on gum yield （g/picking and g/tree）. The results indicated that the process of tapping increases gum production by 88.4% and 79.8% compared with un-tapped trees, respectively. The date of tapping has no significant effect on gum yield （g/tree and g/picking） of A. polyacantha. Tapping of the tree with makmak in mid- November was found to be economically beneficial compared to using the other tools and the control. These results could identify a new source of income for the poor farmers in South Kordofan mainly because of the wild occurrence of Kakamut as a potential gum producing tree species grown naturally in the area.

关键词： Acacia polyacantha date of tapping gum yield Kakamut South Kordofan tapping tools

Piecewise linear detection for direct superposition modulation

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Digital Communications and Networks 2018年第2期4卷 98-105页

作者： martin Damrath Peter adam Hoeher Gilbert J.m. Forkel Institute of Electrical and Information Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Kiel Kaiserstr. 2 24143 Kiel Germany

Considering high-order digital modulation schemes, the bottleneck in consumer products is the detector rather than the modulator. The complexity of the optimal a posteriori probability （APP） detector increases exponentially with respect to the number of modulated bits per data symbol. Thus, it is necessary to develop low-complexity detection algorithms with an APP-like performance, especially when performing iterative detection, for example in conjunction with bit interleaved coded modulation. We show that a special case of superposition modulation, dubbed Direct Superposition modulation （DSm）, is particularly suitable for complexity reduction at the receiver side. As opposed to square QAm, DSm achieves capacity without active signal shaping. The main contribution is a low-cost detection algorithm for DSm, which enables iterative detection by taking a priori information into account. This algorithm exploits the approximate piecewise linear behavior of the soft outputs of an APP detector over the entire range of detector input values. A theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate that at least max-log APP performance can be reached, while the complexity is significantly reduced compared to classical APP detection.

关键词： Digital modulation Demodulation Detection algorithms Linear approximation

Putting meaning into NETmAr-the open service network for marine environmental data

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2014年第10期7卷 811-828页

作者： adam m.Leadbetter roy K.Lowry D.Oliver Clements British Oceanographic Data Centre LiverpoolUK Plymouth marine Laboratory PlymouthUK

The open service network for marine environmental data(NETmAr)project uses semantic web technologies in its pilot system which aims to allow users to search,download and integrate satellite,in situ and model data from open ocean and coastal *** semantic web is an extension of the fundamental ideas of the World Wide Web,building aweb of datathrough annotation of metadata and data with hyperlinked *** the framework of the NETmAr project,an interconnected semantic web resourcewasdeveloped to aid in dataandweb service discovery and to validate Open Geospatial Consortium Web Processing Service orchestration.A second semantic resource was developed to support interoper-ability of coastal web atlases across jurisdictional *** paper outlines the approach taken to producing the resource registry used within the NETmAr project and demonstrates the use of these semantic resources to support user interactions with *** interconnected semantic resources allow the increased ability to share and disseminate data through the facilitation of interoperability between data *** formal representation of geospatial knowledge to advance geospatial interoperability is a growing research *** and methods such as those outlined in this paper have the potential to support these efforts.

关键词： geoinformatics oceanography geospatial data integration

Non-malarial fever among pregnant women in medani Hospital,Sudan:diagnostic uncertainty and overtreatment with quinine

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical medicine 2010年第5期3卷 392-394页

作者： Elhassan m Elhassan Abd Elrahium D Haggaz mamoun m magzoub Ishag adam University of Geizera University of Kassala Faculty of medicine University of Khartoum

Objective:To investigate the accuracy of malaria diagnosis among pregnant women admitted in medani maternity Hospital,Central Sudan during June-October 2009 and to investigate the antimalarials prescribed in this ***:Soeio-demographic characteristics and obstetrics history were gathered using pre-tested *** finger prick blood samples were collected from pregnant women who admitted as malaria case after an initial microscopic test done by general microscopists for malaria *** antimalarial treatment prescribed by treating doctor was inquired ***:Only 21(8.6%) out of 243 pregnant women admitted as malaria case after an initial microscopic test done by general microscopists for malaria were found to have blood film *** was no significant difference in the specificity of the microscopy accuracy between those who have been investigated in the private and governmental sector,15/193(8.2%) vs.6/60(10%),(P>0.05).Quinine infusion was the prescribed drug in this ***:There is a very poor specificity of malaria microscopy in pregnant women admitted to madani maternity *** was the drug *** control programme should interfere urgently to change this situation.

关键词： malaria Pregnancy Diagnosis rDTs Sudan

Discovery of the inhibitor of DNA binding 1 as a novel marker for radioresistance in pancreatic cancer using genome-wide rNA-seq

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Cancer Drug resistance 2022年第4期5卷 926-938页

作者： scar Zuniga Stephanie Byrum adam r.Wolfe Department of radiation Oncology University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR 72205USA Department of Biochemistry and molecular Biology University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR 72205USA

Purpose/Objective(s): Discovery of genetic drivers of radioresistance is critical for developing novel therapeuticstrategies to combine with radiotherapy of radioresistant PDAC. In this study, we used genome-wide rNA-seq toidentify genes upregulated in generated radioresistant PDAC cell lines and discovered the Inhibitor of DNA Binding1 (ID1) gene as a potential regulator of radioresistance in ***/methods: radioresistant clones of the PDAC cell lines mIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 were generated bydelivering daily ionizing irradiation (Ir) (2 Gy/day) in vitro over two weeks (total 20 Gy) followed by standardclonogenic assays following one week from the end of Ir. The generated rr and parental cell lines were submittedfor rNA-seq analysis to identify differentially expressed genes. The Limma r package was used to calculatedifferential expression among genes. Log2 fold change values were calculated for each sample compared to thecontrol. Genes with an absolute fold change > 1 were considered significant. rNA sequencing expression data fromthe Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was analyzed through the online databases GEPIA, cBioPortal, and theHuman Protein ***: Following exposure to two weeks of 2 Gy daily Ir in vitro, the two PDAC cell lines showed significantlygreater clonogenic cell survival than their parental cell lines, indicating enhanced rr in these cells. rNA-seqanalysis comparing parental and rr cell lines found upregulated seven genes (TNS4, ZDHHC8P1, APLNr, AQP3,SPP1, ID1, ID2) and seven genes downregulated (PTX3, ITGB2, EPS8L1, ALDH1L2, KCNT2, ArHGAP9, IFI16) in bothrr cell lines. Western blotting confirmed increased expression of the ID1 protein in the rr cell lines compared totheir parental cell lines. We found that ID1 mrNA was significantly higher in PDAC tumors compared to matchednormal and high ID1 expression correlated with significantly worse disease-free survival (DFS) in PDAC patients(Hr = 2.2, log rank P = 0.009). ID1 mrNA express

关键词： Pancreatic cancer radiation resistance ID1 rNA-seq

An Overview of Autism Spectrum Disorder, Heterogeneity and Treatment Options

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2017年第2期33卷 183-193页

作者： Anne masi marilena m.De mayo Nicholas Glozier adam J.Guastella Autism Clinic for Translational research Brain and Mind Centre Central Clinical School Sydney Medical SchoolUniversity of Sydney

Since the documented observations of Kanner in1943, there has been great debate about the diagnoses, the sub-types, and the diagnostic threshold that relates to what is now known as autism spectrum disorder（ASD）.re？ecting this complicated history, there has been continual re？nement from DSm-III with ‘Infantile Autism＇ to the current DSm-V diagnosis. The disorder is now widely accepted as a complex, pervasive, heterogeneous condition with multiple etiologies, sub-types, and developmental trajectories. Diagnosis remains based on observation of atypical behaviors, with criteria of persistent de？cits in social communication and restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior. This review provides a broad overview of the history, prevalence, etiology, clinical presentation, and heterogeneity of ASD. Factors contributing to heterogeneity, including genetic variability, comorbidity, and gender are reviewed. We then explore current evidencebased pharmacological and behavioral treatments for ASD and highlight the complexities of conducting clinical trials that evaluate therapeutic ef？cacy in ASD ***, we discuss the potential of a new wave of research examining objective biomarkers to facilitate the evaluation of sub-typing, diagnosis, and treatment response in ASD.

关键词： Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis Heterogeneity Treatment