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Heterogeneity of mature oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system

Neural regeneration research 2025年第5期20卷 1336-1349页

作者： Chao Weng adam m.r.groh moein Yaqubi Qiao-Ling Cui Jo Anne Stratton G.r.Wayne moore Jack P.Antel Neuroimmunology Unit Montreal Neurological Institute-HospitalDepartment of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada Department of Neurology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

mature oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths that are crucial for the insulation of axons and efficient signal transmission in the central nervous *** evidence has challenged the classical view of the functionally static mature oligodendrocyte and revealed a gamut of dynamic functions such as the ability to modulate neuronal circuitry and provide metabolic support to *** the recognition of potential heterogeneity in mature oligodendrocyte function,a comprehensive summary of mature oligodendrocyte diversity is *** delve into early 20th-century studies by robertson and río-Hortega that laid the foundation for the modern identification of regional and morphological heterogeneity in mature ***,recent morphologic and functional studies call into question the long-assumed homogeneity of mature oligodendrocyte function through the identification of distinct subtypes with varying myelination ***,modern molecular investigations,employing techniques such as single cell/nucleus rNA sequencing,consistently unveil at least six mature oligodendrocyte subpopulations in the human central nervous system that are highly transcriptomically diverse and vary with central nervous system *** and disease related mature oligodendrocyte variation denotes the impact of pathological conditions such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and psychiatric ***,caution is warranted when subclassifying mature oligodendrocytes because of the simplification needed to make conclusions about cell identity from temporally confined *** studies leveraging advanced techniques like spatial transcriptomics and single-cell proteomics promise a more nuanced understanding of mature oligodendrocyte *** research avenues that precisely evaluate mature oligodendrocyte heterogeneity with care to understand the mitigating influence of species,sex,central nervous system region,age,and disease,

关键词： aging central nervous system diseases electron microscopy heterogeneity immunohistochemistry myelin sheath natural history neuroglia oligodendroglia single-cell gene expression analysis

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CONVErGENCE rATES FOr DIFFErENCE SCHEmES FOr POLYHEDrAL NONLINEAr PArABOLIC EQUATIONS

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Journal of Computational mathematics 2010年第4期28卷 474-488页

作者： adam m.Oberman Department of mathematics Simon Fraser University

We build finite difference schemes for a class of fully nonlinear parabolic equations. The schemes are polyhedral and grid aligned. While this is a restrictive class of schemes, a wide class of equations are well approximated by equations from this class. For regular （C2,α） solutions of uniformly parabolic equations, we also establish of convergence rate of O（α）. A case study along with supporting numerical results is included.

关键词： Error estimates Convergence rate Viscosity solutions Finite difference schemes

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Expanding roles for pectins in plant development

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2018年第10期60卷 910-923页

作者： adam m.Saffer Department of molecular Cellular and Developmental BiologyYale University

Pectins are complex cell wall polysaccharides important for many aspects of plant development. recent studies have discovered extensive physical interactions between pectins and other cell wall components,implicating pectins in new molecular functions. Pectins are often localized in spatially-restricted patterns, and some of these non-uniform pectin distributions contribute to multiple aspects of plant development, including the morphogenesis of cells and organs. Furthermore, a growing number of mutants affecting cell wall composi- tion have begun to reveal the distinct contributions of different pectins to plant development. This review discusses the interactions of pectins with other cell wall components, the functions of pectins in controlling cellular morphology, and how non-uniform pectin composition can be an important determinant of developmental processes.

关键词： Expanding roles for pectins in plant development

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Equine-assisted interventions for veterans with servicerelated health conditions: a systematic mapping review

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military medical research 2020年第2期7卷 174-189页

作者： adam r.Kinney Aaron m.Eakman rebecca Lassell Wendy Woo Department of Occupational Therapy Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA Temple Grandin Equine Center Department of Animal SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523USA

Background:Evidence-based treatments for service-related health conditions such as posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD),depression,and traumatic brain injury(TBI)are not effective for all ***-assisted interventions are emerging as an additional treatment modality,but little is known regarding the safe and effective delivery of these *** study aimed to describe the following features of the body of literature concerning equineassisted interventions among veterans:1)veterans who have participated in equine-assisted interventions;2)specific characteristics of equine-assisted interventions in veterans;and 3)the specific characteristics of research on equineassisted interventions in ***:We conducted a systematic mapping review of peer-reviewed literature reporting on equine-assisted interventions among veterans between 1980 and *** of nine databases yielded 3336 unique records,six of which met the inclusion criteria and were *** relevant to the study aims were extracted and ***:Equine-assisted interventions among veterans disproportionately targeted psychosocial outcomes and yielded promising *** detailed methods of EAI varied in the reported studies,ranging from communicating with the horse to mounted *** was also great diversity in outcome *** state of theoretical development regarding the mechanisms by which equine-assisted interventions benefit the veteran population is currently *** provided insufficient detail with respect to the description of the intervention,reasons for attrition,and the dose-response ***:Scientific development of equine-assisted interventions targeting psychosocial outcomes among veterans is warranted to establish their *** outcomes should be expanded,including outcomes more closely aligned with the nature of polytraumatic *** research must also emphasize the theoretical develo

关键词： Veterans Service-related injuries Equine-assisted interventions Posttraumatic stress disorder Systematic mapping review

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Treatment of tunnel wash waters-experiments with organic sorbent materials. PartⅡ: removal of toxic metals

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第8期20卷 1042-1045页

作者： PArUCH adam m rOSETH roger Bioforsk-the Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental research Soil and Environment Division

In the first part of the article, the column and the bag experiments concerning removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nonpolar oil (NPO) from tunnel wash waters using organic sorbent materials have been described. This part presents the results of removal of toxic metals. The metals of concern (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, mo, Ni, and Zn) were selected based on the priority toxicant pollutants defined in surface water quality criteria. Concentrations of these metals in the collected effluent...

关键词： electrostatic filters reduction level sorbents tunnel toxic metals treatment efficiency wash water

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Effects of symmetric and asymmetric salt conditions on a selective solid-state nanopore assay

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Nano research 2022年第11期15卷 9936-9942页

作者： Ian D.Wadsworth adam r.Hall Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemNC 27101USA Comprehensive Cancer Center Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemNC 27157USA

Conventional solid-state nanopore measurements sense all translocating entities,necessitating meticulous analysis to differentiate target *** address this,we have established a selective assay with the platform that has shown utility in quantifying several nucleic acid ***,limited detection efficiency and intrinsic noise have so far limited assay resolution to 10 *** in this value require manipulation of translocation ***,we report the effects of NaCl conditions on assay *** first investigate symmetric conditions,finding sensitivity increases with salt concentration but selectivity is maximized at 1.0 m *** then probe asymmetric conditions,showing a remarkable impact on assay sensitivity and selectivity when measurement buffer NaCl concentration in the reservoir with the translocating molecules is low and the opposite reservoir is *** optimum conditions,we demonstrate detection of target biomolecules down to a concentration of 100 pm which is an improvement of 2 orders of magnitude over past results.

关键词： solid-state nanopores biomarkers amplification-free detection salt gradient nucleic acids

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Apoptosis and DNA damage in human spermatozoa

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第1期13卷 36-42页

作者： r John Aitken adam J Koppers ArC Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology and Development Priority Research Centre in Reproductive Science Discipline of Biological Sciences School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology School of Biomedical Sciences Monash University Clayton VIC 3800 Australia

DNA damage is frequently encountered in spermatozoa of subfertile males and is correlated with a range of adverse clinical outcomes including impaired fertilization, disrupted preimplantation embryonic development, increased rates of miscarriage and an enhanced risk of disease in the progeny. The etiology of DNA fragmentation in human spermatozoa is closely correlated with the appearance of oxidative base adducts and evidence of impaired spermiogenesis. We hypothesize that oxidative stress impedes spermiogenesis, resulting in the generation of spermatozoa with poorly remodelled chromatin. These defective cells have a tendency to default to an apeptotic pathway associated with motility loss, caspase activation, phosphatidylserine exteriorization and the activation of free radical generation by the mitochondria. The latter induces lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage, which then leads to DNA fragmentation and cell death. The physical architecture of spermatozoa prevents any nucleases activated as a result of this apoptotic process from gaining access to the nuclear DNA and inducing its fragmentation. It is for this reason that a majority of the DNA damage encountered in human spermatozoa seems to be oxidative. Given the important role that oxidative stress seems to have in the etiology of DNA damage, there should be an important role for antioxidants in the treatment of this condition. If oxidative DNA damage in spermatozoa is providing a sensitive readout of systemic oxidative stress, the implications of these findings could stretch beyond our immediate goal of trying to minimize DNA damage in spermatozoa as a prelude to assisted conception therapy.

关键词： apoptosis DNA damage oxidative stress spermatozoa

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Current and emerging trends in prostate cancer immunotherapy

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2019年第1期21卷 6-11页

作者： adam Schatz Badar m mian Division of Urology Albany Medical CollegeAlbany NY 12054USA.

There have been a number of recent developments in the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer which seek to exploit the hormonal ***,the castration-resistant prostate cancer remains a major challenge since this is the lethal and incurable phenotype which results in tens of thousands of deaths every *** has been emerging interest in utilizing anticancer immunotherapy in prostate cancer,especially since the development of *** other prostate cancer therapeutic vaccines including autologous and allogeneic vaccines,as well as viral vector-based vaccines,have demonstrated promising results in early trials.

关键词： prostate cancer immunotherapy hormonal axis

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Cutting the Gordian knot： Complex signaling in African cichlids is more than multimodal

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Current Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 237-252页

作者： moira J. VAN STAADEN adam r. SmITH Department of Biological Sciences and JP Scott Center for Neuroscience Mind & Behavior Bowling Green State University OH 43403 USA Department of Biology University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA

The active transmission of information from sender to receiver is a fundamental component of communication, and is therefore a primary facet in evolutionary models of sexual selection. research in several systems has underlined the importance of multiple sensory modalities in courtship signals. However, we still tend to think of individuals as having a relatively static signal in consecutive communicative events. While this may be true for certain traits such as body size or coloration, behaviorally modulated signals can quickly violate this assumption. In this work, we explore how intraspecific variation may be an important component of interspecific signal divergence using cichlid fishes from Lake malawi. Behavioral analyses were made using six species of malawian cichlids from two divergent genera. While interspecific differences were found between congeners based on species-level analyses of both acoustic and audiovisual signals, intraspecific variation was of a similar magnitude. Specifically, individual fishes were found to possess highly plastic signal repertoires. This finding was ubiquitous across all species and resuited in a great deal of overlap between heterospecific individuals, despite statistically distinct species means. These results demonstrate that some aspects of courtship in malawian cichlids are more plastic than previously proposed, and that studies must account for signal variability within individuals. We propose here that behavioral variability in signaling is important in determining the communication landscape on which signals are perceived. We review potential complexity deriving from multimodal signaling, discuss the sources for such lability, and suggest ways in which this issue may be approached experimentally .

关键词： Cichlid motivation Intraspecific variability mate preference multimodal

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Simulating dispatchable grid services provided by flexible building loads:State of the art and needed building energy modeling improvements

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Building Simulation 2021年第3期14卷 441-462页

作者： Venkatesh Chinde adam Hirsch William Livingood Anthony r.Florita National renewable Energy Laboratory 15013 Denver West ParkwayGoldenCO 80401USA School of Sustainability Interdisciplinary Center(IDC)HerzliyaP.0.Box 167Herzliya 46150Israel

End-use electrical loads in residential and commercial buildings are evolving into flexible and cost-effective resources to improve electric grid reliability,reduce costs,and support increased hosting of distributed renewable *** article reviews the simulation of utility services delivered by buildings for the purpose of electric grid operational *** consider services delivered to(1)the high-voitage bulk power system through the coordinated action of many,distributed building loads working together,and(2)targeted support provided to the operation of low-voltage electric distribution *** an exhaustive exploration is not possible,we emphasize the ancillary services and voltage management buildings can provide and summarize the gaps in our ability to simulate them with traditional building energy modeling(BEm)tools,suggesting pathways for future research and development.

关键词： building energy modeling grid-interactive efficient buildings demand response load flexibility thermostatically controlled loads reduced order models heating ventilation and air conditioning

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