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Disturbance cue communication is shaped by emitter diet and receiver background risk in Trinidadian guppies

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Current Zoology 2022年第4期68卷 433-440页

作者： Jack A Goldman adam l crane laurence E A Feyten Emily Collins Grant E Brown Department of Biology Concordia University7141 Sherbrooke Street WestMontrealQCCanada H4B 1R6

In animal communication systems,individuals that detect a cue(i.e.,“receivers”)are often influenced by characteristics of the cue emitter.For instance,in many species,receivers avoid chemical cues that are released by emitters experiencing disturbance.These chemical“disturbance cues”appear to benefit receivers by warning them about nearby danger,such as a predator’s approach.While the active ingredients in disturbance cues have been largely unexplored,by-products of metabolized protein are thought to play a role for some species.If so,the content(quality)and volume(quantity)of the emitter’s diet should affect their disturbance cues,thus altering how receivers perceive the cues and respond.Guppies Poecilia reticulata are a species known to discriminate among disturbance cues from different types of donors,but dietary variation has yet to be explored.In this study,we found evidence that diet quality and quantity can affect disturbance cues released by guppy emitters(i.e.,experimental“donors”).Receivers discriminated between donor cue treatments,responding more strongly to cues from donors fed a protein-rich bloodworm diet(Experiment 1),as well as an overall larger diet(Experiment 2).We also found that receivers exposed to higher background risk were more sensitive to disturbance cue variation,with the strongest avoidance responses displayed by high-risk receivers toward disturbance cues from donors fed the high-quality diet.Therefore,diet,and perhaps protein specifically,affects either the concentration or composition of disturbance cues released by guppies.Such variation may be important in information signaling in social species like the guppy.

关键词： alarm cues chemical cues diet quality diet quantity protein

landmark learning by the Ozark zigzag salamander Plethodon angusticlavius

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Current Zoology 2011年第4期57卷 485-490页

作者： adam l. crane Alicia MATHIS Department of Biology Missouri State University Springfield MO 65897 USA

Although salamanders have been shown to respond to classical conditioning, spatial learning has been largely unstudied. We tested whether salamanders could learn to locate foraging areas by using landmarks. We trained 10 salamanders Plethodon angusticlavius to use landmarks (small rocks) to locate patches within the arena containing food (blackworms lumbriculus variegatus). At the corners of each square testing arena were four plastic dishes, one containing blackworms and the other three empty. A rock was placed in front of the dish containing blackworms, and the location of the food-dish was randomly chosen for each training trial. A control group was also trained to feed on blackworms in the presence of a rock, but the rock was positioned randomly among the four dish locations so that the rock was not a reliable landmark for the worms. Although the length of the training period for individual salamanders varied (22–38 trainings per individual), the mean number of trainings for salamanders in the control and experimental groups was equal (30 training trials). During testing, no blackworms were present to eliminate any visual or chemical cues emanating directly from the prey. Individuals trained with the rock landmarks spent significantly more time in the area of the landmark than did control salamanders [Current Zoology 57 (4): 485–490, 2011].

关键词：空间学习里程娃娃鱼锯齿测试过程随机选择化学信号对照组

Go to the back before going forward:Addressing psychological responses in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rehabilitation

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第5期13卷 666-669页

作者： Terese l.Chmielewski adam Meierbachtol Rick Aberman Travis Gunderson Jonathon Sikorski Kathleen Cummer TRIA Orthopedic Center BloomingtonMN 55431USA Rehabilitation Science Graduate Program Department of Family Medicine and Community HealthMedical SchoolUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455USA Optum Inc. Clinical OperationsPhysical Health DivisionEden PrairieMN 55344USA Dr.Rick Aberman Consulting MinnetonkaMN 55305USA Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Division of Physical TherapyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA

Helping athletes return to sports participation is a primary goal of anterior cruciate ligament(ACl)reconstruction rehabilitation.To facilitate the achievement of this goal,decades of research studies have sought to identify knee impairments that reduce knee function as well as interventions to resolve them.1Yet,over the past 10 years,research pertaining to psychological responses(i.e.,cognitions and emotions)after ACl reconstruction has grown exponentially—a phenomenon that can be visualized by entering the search terms"psychological"and"anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction"into the PubMed search engine.

关键词： ligament return psychological

Current concepts in the management of non-cirrhotic non-malignant portal vein thrombosis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第5期16卷 751-765页

作者： adam J Willington Dhiraj Tripathi Department of Hepatology University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirmingham B152GWUnited Kingdom Department of Hepatology University Hospitals BirminghamBirmingham B152THUnited Kingdom

Non-cirrhotic non-malignant portal vein thrombosis(NCPVT)is an uncommon condition characterised by thrombosis of the portal vein,with or without extension into other mesenteric veins,in the absence of cirrhosis or intra-abdominal malignancy.Complications can include intestinal infarction,variceal bleeding and portal biliopathy.In this article,we address current concepts in the management of NCPVT including identification of risk factors,classification and treatment,and review the latest evidence on medical and interventional management options.

关键词： Non-cirrhotic portal vein thrombosis Portal vein Mesenteric veins Venous thrombosis Portal hypertension

Non-symmetric differentially subordinate martingales and sharp weak-type bounds for Fourier multipliers

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第8期67卷 1807-1826页

作者： Meryem Akboudj Yong Jiao adam Os?kowski School of Mathematics and Statistics Hunan Key Laboratory of Analytical Mathematics and ApplicationsCentral South University Faculty of Mathematics Informatics and MechanicsUniversity of Warsaw

let p>2 be a given exponent. In this paper, we prove, with the best constant, the weak-type(p, p)inequality ■ for a large class of non-symmetric Fourier multipliers Tm obtained via modulation of jumps of certain lévy processes. In particular, the estimate holds for appropriate linear combinations of second-order Riesz transforms and skew versions of the Beurling-Ahlfors operator on the complex plane. The proof rests on a novel probabilistic bound for Hilbert-space-valued martingales satisfying a certain non-symmetric subordination principle. Further applications to harmonic functions and Riesz systems on Euclidean domains are indicated.

关键词： weak-type bound Fourier multiplier martingale differential subordination laminate

Degradation and resynthesis of chlorophyll during increased oxidative stress and prolonged darkness differ between annual and perennial flax(linum l.)

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Oil Crop Science 2024年第2期9卷 121-130页

作者： Kenyon J. Nisbett Abida Alokozai Su Hyun Elizabeth Ko G. adam Mott Jason C.l. Browna Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoONCanada Department of Cell&Systems Biology University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution&Function University of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Among plants,there is considerable variation in lifespan:annuals live less than one year,whereas perennials live for several years,with the longest-living perennial having survived 43,600 years.As proposed by the Disposable Soma Theory,this lifespan variation among plants likely reflects differential investment of limited energy and nutrient resources,with perennials investing more energy and nutrients into biomolecular maintenance compared to annuals in order to ensure persistence over multiple seasons.Such differential investment may be particularly important during periods of exogenous stress,which are known to accelerate biomolecular damage.The present study evaluated this hypothesis using annual and perennial flax(linum l.)subjected to two exogenous stressors—increased oxidative stress(i.e.,foliar H2O2spraying)and complete prolonged darkness.As chlorophyll has been shown to exhibit degradation in response to changes in environmental conditions,we utilized changes in chlorophyll levels during and after periods of exogenous stress to evaluate our hypotheses.We predicted that i)perennials would exhibit a slower rate of chlorophyll degradation during exposure to exogenous stressors compared to annuals,and ii)perennials would exhibit a faster rate of chlorophyll resynthesis following such exposure compared to annuals.Chlorophyll levels before,during,and after exposure to both exogenous stressors were measured in two separate trails,once using image colour analysis and once using spectrophotometry.While chlorophyll degradation rates in response to oxidative stress did not differ between annuals and perennials,contrary to our predictions,chlorophyll resynthesis rates following such exposure were significantly higher in perennials,as predicted.When plants were subjected to complete prolonged darkness,chlorophyll degradation rates were significantly lower in perennials than annuals,as predicted;however,when plants were subsequently reintroduced to natural photoperiod,chlorophyll resynthesis rates did not consistently

关键词： Ageing life history Maximum lifespan Oxidative stress Somatic maintenance

Unsynchronized butyrophilin molecules dictate cancer cell evasion of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell killing

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 362-373页

作者： Zeguang Wu Qiezhong lamao Meichao Gu Xuanxuan Jin Ying liu Feng Tian Ying Yu Pengfei Yuan Shuaixin Gao Thomas S.Fulford adam P.Uldrich Catherine C.l Wong Wensheng Wei Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life SciencesPeking University Genome Editing Research CenterState Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene ResearchSchool of Life SciencesPeking University100871BeijingChina EdiGene Inc. Life Science ParkChangping District102206BeijingChina Center for Precision Medicine Multi-Omics Research Peking University Health Science CenterPeking University100191BeijingChina Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity The University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3010Australia Cancer Immunology Program Peter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVICAustralia State Key laboratory for Complex Severe and Rare DiseasesClinical Research InstitutePeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Science&Peking Union Medical CollegePeking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences100871BeijingChina

Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are specialized effector cells that have gained prominence as immunotherapy agents due to their ability to target and kill cells with altered pyrophosphate metabolites.In our effort to understand how cancer cells evade the cell-killing activity of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells,we performed a comprehensive genome-scale CRISPR screening of cancer cells.We found that four molecules belonging to the butyrophilin(BTN)family,specifically BTN2A1,BTN3A1,BTN3A2,and BTN3A3,are critically important and play unique,nonoverlapping roles in facilitating the destruction of cancer cells by primary Vγ9Vδ2 T cells.The coordinated function of these BTN molecules was driven by synchronized gene expression,which was regulated by IFN-γsignaling and the RFX complex.Additionally,an enzyme called QPCTl was shown to play a key role in modifying the N-terminal glutamine of these BTN proteins and was found to be a crucial factor in Vγ9Vδ2 T cell killing of cancer cells.Through our research,we offer a detailed overview of the functional genomic mechanisms that underlie how cancer cells escape Vγ9Vδ2 T cells.Moreover,our findings shed light on the importance of the harmonized expression and function of gene family members in modulating T-cell activity.

关键词： Butyrophilin Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell Cancer-specific immune evasion Glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase-like Pyrophosphate metabolite Immunotherapy

Silicon quantum dots-based fluorescent sensor for the detection of cobalt with high sensitivity and selectivity

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Chinese Chemical letters 2024年第1期35卷 451-455页

作者： Ebtihaj Mohammed Sullam Khalid Mohammed adam Juanjuan liu Hongli Chen Jianxi Xiao State Key laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Department of Chemistry Faculty of EducationUniversity of KordofanEl Obeid 51111Sudan

Fluorescent silicon quantum dots(Si QDs)were hydrothermally synthesized from a mixture of 3(2-aminoethylamino)propyl(dimethoxymethylsilane)(AEAPDMMS)and poly(vinylpyrrolidine)(PVP).The resulting Si QDs exhibited good water solubility and high stability.Under the optimized conditions,the probe revealed an excellent linear fluorescence quenching effect on Co2+ranging from 1μmol/l to 120μmol/l with a limit of detection of 0.37μmol/l(based on 3 s/k).The quenching mechanism was studied,showing that static quenching(SQE)causes the main effect.Furthermore,the test paper based on Si QDs was prepared,which is cost-effective,high sensitivity,good selectivity,easy to use and show excellent anti-interference capability.This method was applied to analyze the content of Co2+in environmental water samples with satisfying results.

关键词： Silicon quantum dots Fluorescence Poly(vinylpyrrolidine) Test paper Cobalt detection

Multinuclear MR and MRI study of lithium-ion cells using a variable field magnet and a fixed frequency RF probe

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Magnetic Resonance letters 2024年第1期4卷 10-20页

作者： Andrés Ramírez Aguilera Florin Marica Kevin J.Sanders Md Al Raihan C.adam Dyker Gillian R.Goward Bruce *** UNB MRI Centre Department of PhysicsUniversity of New BrunswickFrederictonNew BrunswickE3B 5A3Canada Department of Chemistry McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioL8S 4L8Canada Department of Chemistry University of New BrunswickFrederictonNew BrunswickE3B 5A3Canada

An exploratory multinuclear magnetic resonance(MR)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)study was performed on lithium-ion battery cells with ^(7)li,^(19)F,and ^(1)H measurements.A variable field superconducting magnet with a fixed frequency parallel-plate radiofrequency(RF)probe was employed in the study.The magnetic field was changed to set the resonance frequency of each nucleus to the fixed RF probe frequency of 33.7 MHz.Two cartridge-like lithium-ion cells,with graphite anodes and liNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.3)Co_(0.2)O_(2)(NMC)cathodes,were interrogated.One cell was pristine,and one was charged to a cell voltage of 4.2 V.The results presented demonstrate the great potential of the variable field magnet approach in multinuclear measurement of lithium-ion batteries.These methods open the door for developing faster and simpler methods for detecting,quantifying,and interpreting MR and MRI data from lithium-ion and other batteries.

关键词： Multinuclear MR/MRI Variable field magnet lithium-ion battery Parallel-plate rf probe