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Diet-Induced Alteration of the Murine Intestinal Microbiome Following Antibiotic Ablation

Advances in Microbiology 2017年第7期7卷 545-564页

作者： adam irvin Andrew Cockburn Donald A. Primerano Jim Denvir Goran Boskovic Aniello M. Infante Gary D. Wu Christopher F. Cuff Department of Microbiology Immunology and Cell Biology Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center West Virginia University Morgantown WV USA Department of Biomedical Sciences Robert C. Byrd Biotechnology Science Center Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine Marshall University Huntington WV USA Department of Biostatistics Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center West Virginia University Morgantown WV USA Division of Gastroenterology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA

Mouse models of antibiotic-induced ablation of the intestinal microbiome have been used to study the microbiome in health and disease. The fecal microbiomes of mice treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics while being fed different laboratory chows were analyzed by Gram stain, quantitative flow cytometry, bacterial cell culture, next generation sequencing of the V3 regions of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene, microscopy, and sequence analysis of the tuf gene. Noncultivatable gram-positive cocci and cultivatable yeast were the microorganisms most readily detected in feces of antibiotic-treated mice fed a defined diet that utilizes casein as a protein source, maltodextrin 10 and sucrose as sources of carbohydrates, and lard as the major source of fat. High-throughput sequencing of the variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene and tuf gene sequencing identified the major bacterial phylotype as Lactococcus. The mouse chow was heavily laden with noncultivatable Lactococcus, which dominated the intestinal flora after consumption. The microbiome of antibiotic-treated mice fed a grain-based diet (mainly wheat, corn and alfalfa) consisted predominantly of a member of the Enterobacteriaceae identified as Escherichia coli, and yeast was not detected by culture or Gram stain. Appearance of intestinal yeast by culture and Gram stain was dependent on the specific chow, although yeast was not detected by culture or Gram stain in the chow. We conclude that bacteria found in food sources can influence qualitative and quantitative assessments of the fecal microbiome, at least in the context of antibiotic therapy, and potentially confound molecular studies that assess the effects of diet on the intestinal ecology. Not surprisingly, different food sources can influence the microbiome, particularly in the context of antibiotic-mediated ablation of the intestinal microbiome. Whether and how the food-derived dead bacteria alter intestinal physiology needs to be determined.

关键词： Mouse Intestinal Microbiome Antibiotics Diet Lactococcus

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金刚石研磨和加工精度的实现

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航空制造技术 2012年第12期55卷 96-97页

作者： Mark irvin 英格斯公司

"金刚石"这个词使人想到是"昂贵",但是用金刚石磨料进行研磨加工,却相对"低廉"——更少的金刚石研磨浆被消耗,每小时更低的运行成本,产生更少的废料,更短的加工时间,更低的废品率,更少的工序步骤.

关键词：金刚石研磨金刚石磨料运行成本研磨加工加工时间废品率磨浆工序废料

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Comparison of hepatitis C virus testing recommendations in high-income countries

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World Journal of Hepatology 2018年第10期10卷 743-751页

作者： Risha irvin Kathleen Ward Tracy Agee Noele P Nelson Claudia Vellozzi David L Thomas Alexander J Millman Division of Infectious Diseases Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Division of Viral Hepatitis Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

AIM To investigate hepatitis C virus(HCV) testing recommendations from the United States and other high-income *** A comprehensive search for current HCV testing recommendations from the top quartile of United Nations Human Development Index(HDI) countries(very high HDI) was performed using Google and reviewed from May 1-October 30, 2014 and re-reviewed April 1-October 2, 2017. RESULTS Of the 51 countries identified, 16 had HCV testing recom-mendations from a government body or recommendations issued collaboratively between a government and a medical organization. Of these 16 countries, 15 had HCV testing recommendations that were primarily risk-based and highlight behaviors, exposures, and conditions that are associated with HCV transmission in that region. In addition to risk-based testing, the HCV Guidance Panel(United States) incorporates recommendations for aone-time test for individuals born during 1945-1965(the birth cohort) without prior ascertainment of risk into their guidance. In addition to the United States, six other countries either have an age-based testing recommendation or recommend one-time testing for all adults independent of risk factors typical of the region. CONCLUSION This review affirmed the similarities of the HCV Guidance Panel's guidance with those of recommendations from very high HDI countries.

关键词： Hepatitis C Testing Recommendations Mass screening Guidelines

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Overview of the Prevalence and Associated Risk, Factors of Lifestyle Diseases in University Students

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2017年第5期8卷 344-352页

作者： Damar Nagheer Rachael irvin Novie Younger-Coleman Department of Medical Sciences Biochemistry Section The University of the West Indies Mona Campus Mona Jamaica

Background: The prevalence of lifestyle diseases is increasing rapidly in Youths (17 - 25 yrs). Factors such as poor diet, little or no physical exercise, and smoking are major contributors to this increase. Lifestyle diseases in youths present a timeline challenge as disease duration is longer and financial burden more costly. Aim: To analyse and synthesize published literature on the prevalence of and risk factors associated with four lifestyle diseases—obesity, hypertension, diabetes and cancer—in university/college students worldwide. Results: The literature indicates that among lifestyle diseases in university/college students, overweight/obesity (Body Mass Index > 25 kg/m2) had the highest prevalence of 45.6% and duration of approximately 5 years. Cardiovascular diseases and hypertension had lower prevalence rates but prehypertension which lingers >4 years was at 32.0%. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) had a fairly high prevalence in college students (21.7%);type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was found in much lower percentage (12.95%). Cancer had the lowest prevalence of >2% but was increasing in most regions based on the presence of multiple risk factors. Conclusion: Increase prevalence of these diseases in youths indicates that young people are at high risk of developing these diseases due to poor early lifestyle habits. Early corrective measures can reduce the burden of many lifestyle diseases.

关键词： DM1 (Diabetes Mellitus Type 1) DM2 (Diabetes Mellitus Type 2) WHR (Waist-Hip Ratio) Obesity World Health Organization (WHO)

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Phosphorylcholine polymer nanocapsules prolong the circulation time and reduce the immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins

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Nano Research 2016年第4期9卷 1022-1031页

作者： Sheng Liang Yang Liu Xin Jin Gan Liu Jing Wen Linlin Zhang Jie Li Xubo Yuan irvin S.Y. Chen Wei Chen Hui Wang Linqi Shi Xinyuan Zhu Yunfeng Lu Department of Nuclear Medicine Xinhua HospitalAffiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200092 China Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA Department of Microbiology Immunology and Molecular Genetics University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology Institute of Polymer Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 30007 I China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering ShanghaiJiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China School of Materials Science and Engineering Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China Beiiina Institute ofBiatechnoloav. Beiiina 100071. China

Protein therap34 wherein therapeutic proteins are delivered to treat disorders, is considered the safest and most direct approach for treating diseases. However, its applications are highly limited by the paucity of efficient strategies for delivering proteins and the rapid clearance of therapeutic proteins in vivo after their administration. Here, we demonstrate a novel strategy that can significantly prolong the circulation time of therapeutic proteins as well as minimize their immunogenicity. This is achieved by encapsulating individual protein molecules with a thin layer of crosslinked phosphorylcholine polymer that resists protein adsorption. Through extensive cellular studies, we demonstrate that the crosslinked phosphorylcholine polymer shell effectively prevents the encapsulated protein from being phagocytosed by macrophages, which play an essential role in the clearance of nanoparfides in vivo. Moreover, the polymer shell prevents the encapsulated protein from being identified by immune cells. As a result, immune responses against the therapeutic protein are effectively suppressed. This work describes a feasible method to prolong the circulation time and reduce the immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins, which may promote the development and application of novel protein therapies in the treatment of diverse diseases.

关键词： protein nanocapsule,protein delivery,protein therapy long-circulation,stealth therapeutic

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直视骄阳

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作者： (美)irvin D. Yalom

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给心理治疗师的礼物

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作者： (美)irvin D. Yalom

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神经内分泌肿瘤68Ga-DOTATATE显像新观点:图像解读、体内分布、辐射内照射剂量及分子机制

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中华核医学与分子影像杂志 2019年第8期39卷 504-512页

作者：胡桂兰庞芮(译) 霍力(审校) Lisa Bodei Valentina Ambrosini Ken Herrmann irvin Modlin 首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院核医学科 100038 中国医学科学院、北京协和医学院北京协和医院核医学科、核医学分子靶向诊疗北京市重点实验室 100730 Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service Department of RadiologyMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNew York Nuclear Medicine Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialized MedicineUniversity of Bologna and S.Orsola-Malpighi HospitalBolognaItaly Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCalifornia Klinik für Nuklearmedizin Universitatsklinikum EssenEssenGermany Yale University School of Medicine Department of SurgeryNew HavenConnecticut

利用68Ga-1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7,10-四乙酸-D-苯丙氨酸1-酪氨酸3-苏氨酸8-奥曲肽(DOTATATE)PET/CT显像对表达生长抑素受体(SSTR)的肿瘤进行定位,就必须将图像信息有效地与患者诊疗过程相结合,包括临床病史、组织病理学、生物... 详细信息

利用68Ga-1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷-1,4,7,10-四乙酸-D-苯丙氨酸1-酪氨酸3-苏氨酸8-奥曲肽(DOTATATE)PET/CT显像对表达生长抑素受体(SSTR)的肿瘤进行定位,就必须将图像信息有效地与患者诊疗过程相结合,包括临床病史、组织病理学、生物标志物、肿瘤分期和分级以及已知的影像学检查结果,另外还要考虑到患者已完成的治疗及检查对68Ga-DOTATATE图像的影响(如影响正常生理性分布并导致假阳性结果)。该文针对68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT显像在图像采集、分析、神经内分泌肿瘤诊断方案及治疗中的价值提供指导意见。

关键词：内分泌神经内分泌肿瘤学肽 68Ga-DOTATATE 生物分布

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Evaluation of forage-based weaning systems in spring-born cross-bred beef calves

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2013年第2期3卷 99-104页

作者： John Fredrick Odhiambo Robert Arthur Dailey Ronnie Helmondollar James Yeager Pritchard Phillip irvin Osborne Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences West Virginia University Morgantown USA West Virginia University Extension Service Randolph County Extension Office Elkins USA

Preconditioned calves have greater marketvalue per unit weight than normal-weaned calves. Development of a low cost forage-based preconditioning system allows producers to add value to their calf-crop. This study evaluated calf performance in three forage-based weaning systems;early-weaned calves were backgrounded in legume/grass forage plots and supplemented with commercial preconditioning feed (Treatment 1) or an on-farm corn-mix (Treatment 2). Control (Treatment 3) calves suckled for an additional 45 days. Supplements provided2.17 kgTDN/calf/ day. Weights were collected on days -30, 0 and 45 with respect to early weaning, from135 inyear 1 and 150 calves in each of the two subsequent years. Effects of treatment, age of dam, sex of calf and their interactions on calf weight gain were analyzed by analysis of covariance using GLM procedures of SAS. Marginal effects of treatment and feed cost were used to evaluate economic feasibility. Sensitivity analyses were evaluated for anticipated market fluctuations in feed costs and calf premiums. Data are reported as least squares means. Calf weight gains differed (P < 0.001) among treatments and averaged 1.16, 1.03 and1.04 kg/calf/day for commercial supplement, corn-mix and controls, respectively. Calves from 2-year-old cows gained less (P < 0.001) weight compared to those from cows 3 - 4 and ≥5 years of age (44.8, 48.9 and51.5 kg, respectively). Steers calves gained more (P < 0.001) weight compared to heifer calves (51.2 vs.45.7 kg, respectively). Net returns for corn mix were greater than those for commercial feed ($1.48 vs. $1.35/kg weight gain, respectively). Sensitivity analyses indicated that selection of preconditioning treatment to a large degree was less sensitive to significant changes in market conditions due to the large gap in marginal costs between the two treatments. In conclusion, forage-based weaning systems can be utilized to precondition calves providing an economical means for calf weight gain and profit

关键词： Preconditioning Beef Calves Early Weaning Weight Gain

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Over 100-THz bandwidth selective difference frequency generation at LaAlO_(3)/SrTiO_(3) nanojunctions

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Light(Science & Applications) 2019年第1期8卷 968-974页

作者： Lu Chen Erin Sutton Hyungwoo Lee Jung-Woo Lee Jianan Li Chang-Beom Eom Patrick irvin Jeremy Levy Department of Physics and Astronomy University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15260USA Pittsburgh Quantum Institute PittsburghPA 15260USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWA 53706USA

The ability to combine continuously tunable narrow-band terahertz(THz)generation that can access both the farinfrared and mid-infrared regimes with nanometer-scale spatial resolution is highly promising for identifying underlying light-matter interactions and realizing selective control of rotational or vibrational resonances in nanoparticles or ***,we report selective difference frequency generation with over 100 THz bandwidth via femtosecond optical pulse *** THz emission is generated at nanoscale junctions at the interface of LaAlO_(3)/SrTiO_(3)(LAO/STO)that is defined by conductive atomic force microscope lithography,with the potential to perform THz spectroscopy on individual nanoparticles or *** simulation of the time-domain signal facilitates the identification of components that contribute to the THz *** ultra-wide-bandwidth tunable nanoscale coherent THz source transforms the LAO/STO interface into a promising platform for integrated lab-on-chip optoelectronic devices with various functionalities.

关键词： tunable lithography selective

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