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The ballistic performance of the bombard Mons Meg

Defence Technology（防务技术） 2016年第2期12卷 59-68页

作者： Ian LEWTAS Rachael MCALISTER adam wallis Clive WOODLEY Ian CULLIS QinetiQ Fort Halstead

The bombard Mons Meg, located in Edinburgh Castle, with a diameter of 19 inches(48 cm), was one of the largest calibre cannons ever *** in 1449 and presented to King James II of Scotland in 1454, Mons Meg was used in both military and ceremonial roles in Scotland until its barrel burst in 1680. This paper examines the history, internal, external and terminal ballistics of the cannon and its shot. The likely muzzle velocity was estimated by varying the propellant type and the cannon profile was investigated to identify weak spots in the design that may have led to its failure. Using the muzzle velocity calculated from the internal ballistics, simulations were performed with granite and sandstone shot for varying launch angle and ground temperature. The likely trajectory and range of the cannonballs are described. The internal and external ballistics informed the initial conditions of the terminal ballistic impact scenarios. The performance of the cannonball against both period and modern targets, in the form of a pseudo-castle wall and a monolithic concrete target, respectively, were simulated and are presented and discussed.

关键词：弹道性能 Meg 内弹道计算 19英寸速度估计地面温度弹道冲击苏格兰

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2022年第5期25卷 272-276页

作者： Nils Muhlenfeld Philipp Stormann Ingo Marzi Felix Rosenow adam Strzelczyk Rene D.Verboket Laurent M.Willems Department of Traurma Hand and Reconstructive SurgeryGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt Am MainGermany Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main Department of NeurologyGoethe University FrankfurlFrankfurt Am MainGermany LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research(CePTER) Goethe-Universitat FrankfurtFrankfurt Am MainGermany Department of Neurology and Epilepsy Center Hessen Philipps-University MarburgMarburg(Lahn)Germany

Purpose: Epileptic seizures frequently result in distinct physical injuries, fractures, traumatic brain injuries and minor trauma. The aim of this study was to retrospectively determine the frequent injury patterns due to seizure episode and to analyze consecutive acute medical care. Methods: This retrospective mono-center study was conducted at Frankfurt University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany between January 2007 and December 2017. Epilepsy patients with seizure-related fractures admitted to the emergency department were identified via a retrospective systematic query in the hospital information system using the ICD-10 German modification codes G40.0—G40.9. Patients with an unclear diagnosis of epilepsy were excluded. Sociodemographic as well as disease specific aspects were analyzed. Descriptive and Kruskal—wallis one-way analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis. Results: A total number of 62 epilepsy patients were included. The mean age was 58.1 years. Fractures concerned the upper extremity most frequently (43.5%,n= 20), and 70.0% (14/20) were humerus fractures. Admission to intensive care unit for acute trauma care was necessary in 29.0% patients (n = 18), and surgery in 45.2% patients (n = 28). Twenty-five patients (26.6%) showed clinical or radiological signs of traumatic brain injury. Provoking factors were identified in 20 patients (32.3%), i.e., acute withdrawal or excess of alcohol (n = 15), relevant sleep deprivation (n = 2), and intoxication or withdrawal of other illegal drugs or trivial infect (n = 1 for each) and non-compliance with anti-seizure drugs (n = 1). A decreased T-score (-1.04 ± 1.15) and Z-score (-0.84 ± 0.75) compared to healthy subjects were found. Conclusion: Fractures in upper extremities, trunk and craniocerebral trauma occur frequently as seizure-induced injuries. Alcohol excess and withdrawal are important provoking factors and should be targeted with preventive measurements to avoid seizure related injuries

关键词： Epilepsy Wounds and injuries Falls Quality of life

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