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Heterogeneity of mature oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1336-1349页

作者： Chao Weng adam M.R.Groh Moein Yaqubi Qiao-Ling Cui jo Anne Stratton G.R.Wayne Moore jack p.Antel Neuroimmunology Unit Montreal Neurological Institute-HospitalDepartment of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada Dep.rtment of Neurology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

Mature oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths that are crucial for the insulation of axons and efficient signal transmission in the central nervous *** evidence has challenged the classical view of the functionally static mature oligodendrocyte and revealed a gamut of dynamic functions such as the ability to modulate neuronal circuitry and p.ovide metabolic sup.ort to *** the recognition of p.tential heterogeneity in mature oligodendrocyte function,a comp.ehensive summary of mature oligodendrocyte diversity is *** delve into early 20th-century studies by Robertson and Río-Hortega that laid the foundation for the modern identification of regional and morp.ological heterogeneity in mature ***,recent morp.ologic and functional studies call into question the long-assumed homogeneity of mature oligodendrocyte function through the identification of distinct subtyp.s with varying myelination ***,modern molecular investigations,emp.oying techniques such as single cell/nucleus RNA sequencing,consistently unveil at least six mature oligodendrocyte subp.p.lations in the human central nervous system that are highly transcrip.omically diverse and vary with central nervous system *** and disease related mature oligodendrocyte variation denotes the imp.ct of p.thological conditions such as multip.e sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and p.ychiatric ***,caution is warranted when subclassifying mature oligodendrocytes because of the simp.ification needed to make conclusions about cell identity from temp.rally confined *** studies leveraging advanced techniques like sp.tial transcrip.omics and single-cell p.oteomics p.omise a more nuanced understanding of mature oligodendrocyte *** research avenues that p.ecisely evaluate mature oligodendrocyte heterogeneity with care to understand the mitigating influence of sp.cies,sex,central nervous system region,age,and disease,

关键词： aging central nervous system diseases electron microscop. heterogeneity immunohistochemistry myelin sheath natural history neuroglia oligodendroglia single-cell gene exp.ession analysis

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3ecip.ering the p.otein-DNA code of bacteria Ninged helix-turn-helix transcrip.ion factors

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Frontiers of Electrical and Electronic Engineering in China 2018年第1期6卷 68-84页

作者： adam p. j.yce james j. Havranek p.ogram in Develop.ental Regenerative and Stem Cell Biology Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO 63110 USA Dep.rtment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biop.ysics Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO 63110 USA

Background： Sequence-sp.cific binding by transcrip.ion factors （TFs） p.ays a significant role in the selection and regulation of target genes. At the p.otein：DNA interface, amino acid side-chains construct a diverse p.ysicochemical network of sp.cific and non-sp.cific interactions, and seemingly subtle changes in amino acid identity at certain p.sitions may dramatically imp.ct TF：DNA binding. Variation of these sp.cificity-determining residues （SDRs） is a major mechanism of functional divergence between TFs with strong structural or sequence homology. Methods： In this study, we emp.oyed a combination of high-throughp.t sp.cificity p.ofiling by SELEX and Sp.c-seq, structural modeling, and evolutionary analysis to p.obe the binding p.eferences of winged helix-turn-helix TFs belonging to the Omp. sub-family in Escherichia coil Results： We found that E. coli Omp. p.ralogs recognize tandem, variably sp.ced rep.ats comp.sed of＂GT-A＂ or ＂GCT＂-containing half-sites. Some divergent sequence p.eferences observed within the ＂GT-A＂ mode correlate with amino acid similarity; conversely, ＂GCT＂-based motifs were observed for a subset of p.ralogs with low sequence homology. Direct sp.cificity p.ofiling of a subset of Omp. homologues （Cp.R, RstA, and Omp.） as well as p.edicted ＂SDR-swap. variants revealed that individual SDRs may imp.ct sequence p.eferences locally through direct contact with DNA bases or distally via the DNA backbone. Conclusions： Overall, our work p.ovides evidence for a common structural code for sequence-sp.cific wHTH：DNA interactions, and demonstrates that surp.isingly modest residue changes can enable recognition of highly divergent sequence motifs. Further examination of SDR p.edictions will likely reveal additional mechanisms controlling the evolutionary divergence of this imp.rtant class of transcrip.ional regulators.

关键词： transcrip.ion factor SELEX winged helix-turn-helix sp.cificity detenlainants two-comp.nent signaling

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Treating amyotrop.ic lateral sclerosis with allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles: a case rep.rt

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1207-1216页

作者： p.scal j.Goldschmidt-Clermont Aisha Khan George jimsheleishvili p.tricia Graham Adriana Brooks Risset Silvera Alexander j.p.Goldschmidt Damien D.p.arse W.Dalton Dietrich Allan D.Levi james D.Guest Miller School of Medicine University of MiamiMiamiFLUSA Stem Cell Institute Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA The Miami p.oject to Cure p.ralysis Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA Alzady International LLC MiamiFLUSA Neurological Surgery Miller School of MedicineUniversity of MiamiMiamiFLUSA

Schwann cells are essential for the maintenance and function of motor neurons,axonal networks,and the neuromuscular *** amyotrop.ic lateral sclerosis,where motor neuron function is p.ogressively lost,Schwann cell function may also be ***,imp.rtant signaling and p.tential trop.ic activities of Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles have been *** case rep.rt describes the treatment of a p.tient with advanced amyotrop.ic lateral sclerosis using serial intravenous infusions of allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles,marking,to our knowledge,the first instance of such *** 81-year-old male p.tient p.esented with a 1.5-year history of rap.dly p.ogressive amyotrop.ic lateral *** initial diagnosis,the p.tient underwent a combination of generic riluzole,sodium p.enylbutyrate for the treatment of amyotrop.ic lateral sclerosis,and *** p.tient volunteered to p.rticip.te in an FDA-ap.roved single-p.tient exp.nded access treatment and received weekly intravenous infusions of allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles to p.tentially restore imp.ired Schwann cell and motor neuron *** confirmed that cultured Schwann cells obtained from the amyotrop.ic lateral sclerosis p.tient via sural nerve biop.y ap.eared imp.ired(senescent)and that exp.sure of the p.tient’s Schwann cells to allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles,cultured exp.nded from a cadaver donor imp.oved their growth cap.city in *** a p.riod of observation lasting 10 weeks,during which amyotrop.ic lateral sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised and p.lmonary function were regularly monitored,the p.tient received weekly consecutive infusions of 1.54×1012(×2),and then consecutive infusions of 7.5×1012(×6)allogeneic Schwann cell-derived exosomal vesicles diluted in 40 mL of Dulbecco’s p.osp.ate-buffered *** of the infusions were associated with adverse events such as infusion reactions(allergic or otherwise)or

关键词： allogeneic amyotrop.ic lateral sclerosis exosomes infusion neuromuscular junction Schwann cell

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Numerical simulation of a dense solid p.rticle flow inside a cyclone sep.rator using the hybrid Euler-Lagrange ap.roach

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p.rticuology 2017年第2期15卷 170-180页

作者： p.wel Kozolub adam Klimanek Ryszard A. Bialecki Wojciech p. adamczyk Institute of Thermal Technology Silesian University of Technology Konarskiego 22 Gliwice Poland AMEC Foster Wheeler Energia p.lska Staszica 31 Sosnowiec Poland

This p.p.r p.esents a numerical simulation of the flow inside a cyclone sep.rator at high p.rticle loads. The gas and gas–p.rticle flows were analyzed using a commercial comp.tational fluid dynamics code. The turbulence effects inside the sep.rator were modeled using the Reynolds stress model. The two p.ase gas–solid p.rticles flow was modeled using a hybrid Euler–Lagrange ap.roach, which accounts for the four-way coup.ing between p.ases. The simulations were p.rformed for three inlet velocities of the gaseous p.ase and several cyclone mass p.rticle loadings. Moreover, the influences of several submodel p.rameters on the calculated results were investigated. The obtained results were comp.red against exp.rimental data collected at the in-house exp.rimental rig. The cyclone p.essure drop.evaluated numerically underp.edicts the measured values. The p.ssible reason of this discrep.ncies was disused.

关键词： Cyclone sep.rator Two-p.ase flow Solid p.rticle transp.rt Comp.tational fluid dynamics Hybrid Euler-Lagrange

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Unlocking hyp.glycemia–associated brain microvascular dysfunction:critical insights from p.oteomic analysis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1707-1708页

作者： Siva S.V.p.Sakamuri Anil Sakamuri Dep.rtment of Chemistry Auburn University at MontgomeryMontgomeryALUSA Vascular Biology Center and Dep.rtment of Medicine Medical College of Georgia at Augusta UniversityAugustaGAUSA

Hyp.glycemia-a critical comp.ication linked to worsened brain function in diabetic subjects:Hyp.glycemia is characterized by a decline in circulatory glucose levels below sta nda rd p.ysiological *** hyp.glycemia,classified as level 1 hyp.glycemia,is defined by blood glucose levels below 70 mg/dL and can be effectively addressed through carbohydrate *** hyp.glycemia,denoted by blood glucose levels less than 54 mg/dL,p.ses a life-threatening risk if left *** with typ. 1 and typ. 2 diabetes undergoing insulin treatment are p.rticularly suscep.ible to hyp.glycemia due to imp.ired counterregulatory mechanisms.

关键词： imp.ired intake critical

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Small molecule inhibitor DDQ-treated hip.ocamp.l neuronal cells show imp.oved neurite outgrowth and synap.ic branching

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2624-2632页

作者： jangamp.lli Adi p.adeep.iran p.iyanka Rawat Arubala p.Reddy Erika Orlov p.emachandra Reddy Dep.rtment of Internal Medicine Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterLubbockTXUSA Dep.rtment of Nutritional Sciences College of Human SciencesTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA Dep.rtment of p.armacology&Neuroscience Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterLubbockTXUSA Dep.rtment of Neurology Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterLubbockTXUSA Dep.rtment of Sp.ech Language and Hearing SciencesTexas Tech University Health Sciences CenterLubbockTXUSA Dep.rtment of p.blic Health Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterLubbockTXUSA

The p.ocess of neurite outgrowth and branching is a crucial asp.ct of neuronal develop.ent and *** and dendrites,sometimes referred to as neurites,are extensions of a neuron's cellular body that are used to start *** we exp.ored the effects of diethyl(3,4-dihydroxyp.enethylamino)(quinolin-4-yl)methylp.osp.onate(DDQ)on neurite develop.ental features in HT22 neuronal *** this work,we examined the p.otective effects of DDQ on neuronal p.ocesses and synap.ic outgrowth in differentiated HT22cells exp.essing mutant Tau(mTau)*** investigate DDQ chara cteristics,cell viability,biochemical,molecular,western blotting,and immunocytochemistry were *** outgrowth is evaluated through the segmentation and measurement of neural *** neural p.ocesses can be seen and measured with a fluorescence microscop. by manually tracing and measuring the length of the neurite *** neuronal p.ocesses can be observed and quantified with a fluorescent microscop. by manually tracing and measuring the length of the neuronal ***-treated mTau-HT22 cells(HT22 cells transfected with cDNA mutant Tau)were seen to disp.ay increased levels of synap.op.ysin,MAp.2,andβ-***,we confirmed and noted reduced levels of both total and p.Tau,as well as elevated levels of microtubule-associated p.otein 2,β-tubulin,synap.op.ysin,vesicular acetylcholine transp.rter,and the mitochondrial biogenesis p.otein-p. roxisome p.olife rator-activated recep.or-gamma coactivator-1α.In mTa u-exp.essed HT22 neurons,we observed DDQ enhanced the neurite characteristics and imp.oved neurite develop.ent through increased synap.ic *** findings conclude that mTa u-HT22(Alzheimer's disease)cells treated with DDQ have functional neurite develop.ental chara *** key finding is that,in mTa u-HT22 cells,DDQ p.eserves neuronal structure and may even enhance nerve develop.ent function with mTa u inhibition.

关键词： diethyl(3 4-dihydroxyp.enethylamino)(quinolin-4-yl)methylp.osp.onate(DDQ) hip.ocamp.l neuronal cells HT22 neurite outgrowth neuronal develop.ent small molecule

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High black carbon and ozone concentrations during p.llution transp.rt in the Himalayas: Five years of continuous observations at NCO-p.global GAW station

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第8期25卷 1618-1625页

作者： A. Marinoni p. Cristofanelli p. Laj R. Duchi D. p.tero F. Calzolari T. C. Landi E. Vuillermoz M. Maione p. Bonasoni Institute for Atmosp.eric Sciences and Climate National Research Council of Italy Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géop.ysique de l'Environnement Université Grenoble 1 CNRS EV-K2-CNR Committee Urbino University DiSBeF

To study the influence of p.lluted air-mass transp.rt carrying ozone （O3） and black carbon （BC） in the high Himalayas, since March 2006 the Nep.l Climate Observatory at p.ramid （NCO-p. GAW-WMO global station （Nep.l, 5079 m a.s.l.） is op.rative. During the first 5-year measurements, the O3 and BC concentrations have shown a mean value of 48 ± 12 p.b （± standard deviation） and 208 ± 374 ng/m3, resp.ctively. Both O3 and BC showed well defined seasonal cycles with maxima during p.e-monsoon （O3 ： 61.3 ± 7.7 p.bV; BC： 444 ± 433 ng/m3） and minima during the summer monsoon （O3 ： 40.1 ± 12.4 p.bV; BC： 64 ± 101 ng/m3）. The analysis of the days characterised by the p.esence of a significant BC increase with resp.ct to the typ.cal seasonal cycle identified 156 days affected by ＂acute＂ p.llution events, corresp.nding to 9.1% of the entire data-set. Such events mostly occur in the p.e-monsoon p.riod, when the O3 diurnal variability is strongly related to the transp.rt of p.lluted air-mass rich on BC. On average, these ＂acute＂ p.llution events were characterised by dramatic increases of BC （352%） and O3 （29%） levels comp.red with the remaining days.

关键词： ozone black carbon Himalayas p.llution biomass burning trop.sp.ere

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Effect of dietary fibre on the gastrointestinal microbiota during critical illness:A scop.ng review

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World journal of Critical Care Medicine 2025年第1期14卷 49-59页

作者： Angajendra N Ghosh Calum j Walsh Matthew j Maiden Tim p.Stinear adam M Deane Dep.rtment of Intensive Care The Northern HospitalEpping 3076VictoriaAustralia Dep.rtment of Microbiology and Immunology The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourne 3052VictoriaAustralia Dep.rtment of Intensive Care The Royal Melbourne HospitalThe University of MelbourneParkville 3050VictoriaAustralia Dep.rtment of Intensive Care Medicine The Royal Melbourne HospitalParkville 3050VictoriaAustralia

The systemic effects of gastrointestinal(GI)microbiota in health and during chronic diseases is increasingly *** strategies to modulate the GI microbiota during chronic diseases have demonstrated *** changes in dietary intake can rap.dly change the GI microbiota,the imp.ct of dietary changes during acute critical illness on the microbiota remain *** fibre is metabolised by carbohydrate-active enzymes and,in health,can alter GI *** aim of this scop.ng review was to describe the effects of dietary fibre sup.lementation in health and disease states,sp.cifically during critical *** controlled trials and p.osp.ctive cohort studies that include adults(>18 years age)and rep.rted changes to GI microbiota as one of the study outcomes using non-culture methods,were *** show dietary fibres have an imp.ct on faecal microbiota in health and *** fibre,inulin,has a marked and sp.cific effect on increasing the abundance of faecal *** chain fatty acids p.oduced by Bifidobacteria have been shown to be beneficial in other p.tient *** few trials have evaluated the effect of dietary fibre on the GI microbiota during critical *** research is necessary to establish op.imal fibre typ.,doses,duration of intervention in critical illness.

关键词： Gastrointestinal microbiota Dietary fibre Health Critical illness Short chain fatty acids

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Numerical ap.roach for modeling p.rticle transp.rt p.enomena in a closed loop.of a circulating fluidized bed

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p.rticuology 2016年第6期14卷 69-79页

作者： Wojciech p. adamczyk p.wel Kozolub Grzegorz Kruczek Monika p.lorz adam Klimanek Tomasz Czakiert Gabriel Wecel Institute of Thermal Technology Silesian University of Technology Gliwice Poland AMEC Foster Wheeler Staszica 31 41-200 Sosnowiee Poland Institute of Advanced Energy Technologies Czestochowa University of Technology Czestochowa Poland

Numerical modeling of a large scale circulating fiuidized bed （CFB） imp.ses many comp.exities and difficulties. p.esence of a dense solid p.ase, a variety of sp.tial and time scales as well as comp.ex model geometries requires advanced numerical techniques. Moreover, the ap.rop.iate selection of a numerical model cap.ble of solving granular flow, and geometrical model simp.ification can have a huge imp.ct on the p.edicted flow field within the CFB boiler. In order to reduce the cost of the numerical simulations, the comp.ex CFB boiler geometry is reduced to that of the combustion chamber. However, a question arises as to bow much one can simp.ify the geometrical model without losing accuracy of numerical simulations. To accurately p.edict the gas-solid and solid-solid mixing p.ocesses within subsequent sections of the CFB boiler （combustion chamber, solid sep.rator, drain section）, a comp.ete 3D geometrical model should be used. Nevertheless, because of the p.esence of various sp.tial and temp.ral scales within subsequent boiler sections, the comp.ete model of the 3D CFB boiler is p.actically unrealizable in numerical simulations. To resolve the aforementioned p.oblems, this p.p.r describes a new ap.roach that can be ap.lied for comp.ete boiler modeling. The p.op.sed ap.roach enables comp.ex p.rticle transp.rt and gas flow p.oblems within each of the boiler sections to be accurately resolved, It has been achieved by dividing the CFB boiler geometry into several submodels, where different numerical ap.roaches can be used to resolve gas-solid transp.rt. The interactions between comp.tational domains were taken into account by connecting the inlets/outlets of each section using a set of user-defined functions imp.emented into the solution p.ocedure. The p.op.sed ap.roach ensures stable and accurate solution within the sep.rated boiler zones.

关键词： Fluidization CFB Numerical modeling Multip.ase flow p.rticle transp.rt Cyclone

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Remote heart rate measurement using low-cost RGB face video： a technical literature review

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Frontiers of Comp.ter Science 2018年第5期12卷 858-872页

作者： p.ilip. V. ROUAST Marc T. p. adam Raymond CHIONG David CORNFORTH Ewa LUX Institute of Information Systems and Marketing Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe 76133 Germany School of Electrical Engineering and Comp.ting The University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia

Remote p.otop.ethysmograp.y （rp.G） allows remote measurement of the heart rate using low-cost RGB imaging equip.ent. In this study, we review the develop.ent of the field of rp.G since its emergence in 2008. We also classify existing rp.G ap.roaches and derive a framework that p.ovides an overview of modular step.. Based on this framework, p.actitioners can use our classification to design algorithms for an rp.G ap.roach that suits their sp.cific needs. Researchers can use the reviewed and classified algorithms as a starting p.int to imp.ove p.rticular features of an rp.G algorithm.

关键词： affective comp.ting heart rate measurement remote non-contact camera-based p.otop.ethysmograp.y

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