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晚白垩世真兽类Zalamdalestes揭示哺乳动物独特的枢椎及其复杂的进化过程

Science Bulletin 2024年第11期69卷 1767-1775页

作者： Patrick Arnold Katarzyna Janiszewska 李茜 Jingmai K.o'connor Lucja Fostowicz-Frelik Institute of Biochemistry and Biology University of PotsdamPotsdam D-14476Germany Environmental Paleobiology Department Institute of PaleobiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarsaw 00-818Poland Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China The Field Museum of Natural History Chicago IL 60605USA Department of organismal Biology and Anatomy The University of ChicagoChicago IL 60637USA Evolutionary Paleobiology Department Institute of PaleobiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarsaw 00-818Poland

The typical mammalian neck consisting of seven cervical vertebrae(C1–C7)was established by the Late Permian in the cynodont forerunners of modern *** structure is precisely adapted to facilitate movements of the head during feeding,locomotion,predator evasion,and social ***,the clade including crown placentals,has a fossil record extending back more than 125 million years revealing significant morphological diversification in the *** very little is known concerning the early evolution of eutherian cervical morphology and its functional adaptations.A specimen of Zalambdalestes lechei from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia boasts exceptional preservation of an almost complete series of cervical vertebrae(C2–C7)revealing a highly modified axis(C2).The significance of this cervical morphology is explored utilizing an integrated approach combining comparative anatomical examination across mammals,muscle reconstruction,geometric morphometrics and virtual range of motion *** compared the shape of the axis in Zalambdalestes to a dataset of 88 mammalian species(monotremes,marsupials,and placentals)using three-dimensional landmark *** results indicate that the unique axis morphology of Zalambdalestes has no close analog among living *** range of motion analysis of the neck strongly implies Zalambdalestes was capable of exerting very forceful head movements and had a high degree of ventral flexion for an animal its *** findings reveal unexpected complexity in the early evolution of the eutherian cervical morphology and suggest a feeding behavior similar to insectivores specialized in vermivory and defensive behaviors in Zalambdalestes akin to modern spiniferous mammals.

关键词： Atlas Axis Vertebral column Stem placental Morphology paleoecology

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optimizing a Single-Absorption-Layer Thin-Film Solar Cell1 Model to Achieve 31% Efficiency

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2017年第1期5卷 54-60页

作者： Joseph E. o’connor Sherif Michael Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering/Space Systems Academic Group Naval Postgraduate School Monterey USA

This research builds upon the authors’ previous work that introduced and modeled a novel Gallium-Arsenide, Emitterless, Back-surface Alternating Contact (GaAs-EBAC) thin-film solar cell to achieve >30% power conversion efficiency. Key design parameters are optimized under an Air-Mass (AM) 1.5 spectrum to improve performance and approach the 33.5% theoretical efficiency limit. A second optimization is performed under an AM0 spectrum to examine the cell’s potential for space applications. This research demonstrates the feasibility and potential of a new thin-film solar cell design for terrestrial and space applications. Results suggest that the straight-forward design may be an inexpensive alternative to multi-junction solar cells.

关键词： Thin-Film Solar Cell Back-Contacts Gallium-Arsenide Modeling

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Fuel and vegetation changes in southwestern, unburned portions of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA, 2003-2019

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第5期33卷 1459-1470页

作者： T.adam Coates W.Mark Ford Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVA 24061USA U.S.Geological Survey Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitDepartment of Fisheries and Wildlife ConservationVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVA 24061USA

overstory basal area,ericaceous shrub cover(Kalmia latifolia *** Rhododendron maximum L.),and fuels(i.e.,woody fuel loads and depths and o Horizon thickness) were assessed within Great Smoky Mountains National Park,USA,in *** to recent wildfire activity within the southern Appalachian Mountain region(including Great Smoky Mountains National Park),the potential spread and expansion of ericaceous shrubs,and the impacts of the hemlock woolly adelgid(Adelges tsugae Annand) on eastern hemlock(Tsuga canadensis(L.) Carrière),these same ecosystem components were again assessed in *** and moisture regime(xeric,intermediate,and mesic) were included in this assessment as potential influential *** evaluation of repeated measurements from 40 plots suggested that o Horizon thickness did not change significantly over the 16-year period,but increased as elevation increased,and moisture regime(xeric o Horizon thickness> mesic o Horizon thickness) was a significant,related *** sum of 1-,10-,and 100-h fuel loads(fuels less oody fuel depth decreased over the16-year *** significant changes in 1000-h fuel lo ads(>7.6 cm diameter),total woody fuel loads,ericaceous shrub cover,total basal area,or live *** basal area were *** *** basal area decreased with increasing ***,standing *** basal area increased from 2003-2019,and that increase was most pronounced as elevation increased on xeric and intermediate ***,we found that:*** increases in total woody fuel loads and ericaceous shrub cover were not present;and *** and moisture regime were most related to observed changes in vegetation and fuel condition.

关键词： Eastern hemlock Hemlock woolly adelgid Mountain laurel Rhododendron

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Professors,presidents,premiers and the professions:internationalisation's changes to strategic planning of higher education institutions

Professors,presidents,premiers and the professions:internati...

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北京论坛（2006）文明的和谐与共同繁荣—对人类文明方式的思考

作者： David Ian o’connor President Griffith University

For the first three-quarters of the 20th century the strategic planning of higher education institutions was the result of conversations between three levels:the professor/head of academic department,the institution,and the state,which might be represented by a minister or by a specialist co-ordinating department or *** international bodies such as learned academies,publishers,the United ***,World Bank and other government coordinating bodies had a role in higher education,it was generally weak and indirect.

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Effect of body mass index on functional outcome in primary total knee arthroplasty——a single institution analysis of 2180 primary total knee replacements

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World Journal of orthopedics 2016年第10期7卷 664-669页

作者： Shane C o'Neill Joseph S Butler adam Daly Darren F Lui Patrick Kenny Department of orthopaedics Cappagh National Orthopaedic Hospital

AIM To evaluate the effect of body mass index(BMI) on short-term functional outcome and complications in primary total knee arthroplasty. METHoDS All patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty at a single institution between 2007 and 2013 were identified from a prospective arthroplasty database. 2180 patients were included in the study. Age, gender, BMI, pre- and post-operative functional scores [Western ontario and Mc Master University Arthritis Index(WoMAC) and SF-36], complications and revision rate were recorded. Patients were grouped according to the WHo BMI classification. The functional outcome of the normal weight cohort(BMI ompared to the overweight and obese(BMI ≥ 25) cohort. A separate sub-group analysis was performed comparing all five WHo BMI groups; Normal weight, overweight, class 1 obese, class 2 obese and class 3 *** With a mean age of 67.89(28-92), 2180 primary total knee replacements were included. 64.36%(1403) were female. The mean BMI was 31.86(18-52). Ninty-three percent of patients were either overweight or obese. Mean follow-up 19.33 mo(6-60 mo). There was no significant difference in pre or post-operative WoMAC score in the normal weight(BMI ohort compared to patients with a BMI ≥ 25(P > 0.05). Sub-group analysis revealed significantly worse WoMAC scores in class 2 obese 30.80 compared to overweight 25.80(P obese 25.50(P orse SF-36 scores in class 2 obese 58.16 compared to overweight 63.93(P obese 63.65(P ons, 9(0.41%) deep infections and 19(0.87%) revisions overall with no complications or revisions in the normal weight cohort(BMI oNCLUSIoN Post-operative functional outcome was not influenced by BMI comparing normal weight individuals with BMI > 25. Patients should not be denied total knee arthroplasty based solely on weight alone.

关键词： Total knee replacement Body mass index Total knee arthroplasty

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Development of a Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy item library and primary symptom list for the assessment of patient-reported adverse events associated with immune checkpoint modulators

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2020年第1期6卷 74-87页

作者： Kimberly A.Webster Mary L.o’connor Aaron R.Hansen Sheetal Kircher Heather S.L.Jim adam P.Dicker Monika Janda Kari Ala-leppilampi Clifton o.Bingham III Josephine Feliciano Norah Lynn Henry Laurie E.Steffen McLouth David Cella Department of Medical Social Sciences Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL 60611USA Princess Margaret Cancer Center University Health NetworkToronto M5G 1Z5Canada Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Northwestern UniversityChicagoIL 60611USA Department of Health outcomes and Behavior Moffitt Cancer CenterTampaFL 33612USA Department of Radiation oncology Sidney Kimmel Medical College and Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19107USA Centre for Health Services Research The University of QueenslandQLD 4102Australia Applied Health Research Centre Li Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt Michael’s HospitalToronto M5B 1W8Canada Divisions of Rheumatology and Allergy and Clinical Immunology Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21224USA Johns Hopkins University Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center BaltimoreMD 21231USA University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center Ann ArborMI 48109USA Department of Behavioral Science Center for Health Equity Transformation and Markey Cancer CenterUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKY 40536USA

Aim:To develop a comprehensive item library of patient-reported,immunotherapy-related adverse events(irAEs)that draws from and expands on the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy(FACIT)Measurement ***:Literature review and iterative expert *** on a literature review of irAEs,we developed a framework of immunotherapy classes and their associated *** experts then reviewed iterations of symptom summaries and item maps linked to the immunotherapy *** provided content review and feedback was shared across experts until consensus was *** iterative process facilitated creation of a Primary Symptom List associated with immune checkpoint modulators(ICMs),drawn from the larger set of *** FACIT items were mapped to the symptom list,and new items were written as needed to create the item ***:The full item library of irAEs is comprised of 239 items,covering 142 unique symptoms across 75 inflammatory reactions/immune conditions.A subset of 66 items comprises a Primary Symptom List considered most common/relevant to ICM *** includes gastrointestinal,skin,pulmonary,neurologic,musculoskeletal,and multiple miscellaneous and constitutional ***:The FACIT Immunotherapy Item Library is a compilation of 239 self-report items that capture the wide range of AEs experienced by people receiving immune treatments.A subset of 66 items comprises a Primary Symptom List meant for ICM *** of items selected from this library is encouraged in clinical research and clinical practice evaluation.

关键词： Immunotherapy immune checkpoint modulators quality of life immune-related adverse events patient reported outcomes cancer oncology

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Advanced oxidation Process for DNAN Using UV/H2o2

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Engineering 2019年第5期5卷 849-854页

作者： Hailei Su Christos Christodoulatos Benjamin Smolinski Per Arienti Greg o’connor Xiaoguang Meng Center for Environmental Systems Stevens Institute of TechnologyHobokenNJ 07030USA US Army RDECoM-ARDEC PicatinnyNJ 07806USA

2,4-Dinitroanisole(DNAN)is an important component of insensitive munitions that is anticipated to replace 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene(TNT)in munitions *** hydrogen peroxide(H2o2)oxidation experiments and chemical analyses were conducted to study the effect of initial pH and H2o2 dosage on the kinetics of DNAN decomposition and the reaction *** results show that DNAN degradation followed zero-order kinetics when a 250 ppm DNAN solution was treated with ultraviolet(UV)light and 1500–4500 ppm H2o2 in an initial pH range of 4–***,when the H2o2 concentration was 750 ppm,DNAN degradation followed pseudo-first-order *** results indicate that DNAN can easily be oxidized by UV/H2o2 *** the H2o2 dosage was 1500 ppm and the initial pH was 7,DNAN was reduced from 250 ppm to less than 1 ppm in 3 ***,the total organic carbon(ToC)and total carbon(TC)concentrations were reduced slowly from 100 to less than 70 ppm carbon(C)in 3 h,and decreased to about 5 ppm after 9 h of treatment,suggesting the formation of other organic *** reaction intermediates were oxidized to carbon dioxide(Co2)at a slower rate than the oxidation of ***2 was emitted from the solution because the solution pH decreased rapidly to about 3 during the UV/H2o2 *** of the nitrogen in DNAN was converted to nitrate by UV/H2o2 oxidation after 9 h of *** research results indicate that UV/H2o2 oxidation is a promising technique for the treatment of DNAN in wastewater.

关键词： 2,4-Dinitroanisole Advanced oxidation processes Wastewater treatment Photocatalysis

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Studies on thermally grown oxide as an interface between plasma-sprayed coatings and a nickel-based superalloy substrate

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2017年第6期24卷 681-690页

作者： adam Khan Mahaboob Basha Sundarrajan Srinivasan Natarajan Srinivasan Department of Mechanical Engineering Centre for Surface Engineering Kalasalingam University Krishnankoil 626126 Tamil Nadu India Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology Tiruchirapalli 620015 Tamil Nadu India Centre of Excellence in Corrosion and Surface Engineering (CECASE) National Institute of Technology Tiruchirapalli 620015 Tamil Nadu India

A thermally grown oxide layer formed by hot corrosion was investigated as an interface between plasma-sprayed coatings and a nickel-based superalloy substrate. The hot corrosion mechanism of NiCr–Cr_2o_3 and Al_2o_3–40wt% Tio_2(A40T) plasma coated Inconel 617 was evaluated. The experiments were carried out at 1000°C using a combination of Na_2So_4, NaCl, and V_2o_5 salts to simulate the conditions of a gas turbine in a marine environment. The hot corrosion results revealed the spallation and dissolution of oxides upon prolonged exposure. optical images and scanning electron micrographs of the exposed samples revealed the formation of oxide scale and provided details of its morphology in NiCr–Cr_2o_3 coated samples. Microstructure characterization of A40T coatings demonstrated a thermally grown oxide(TGo) layer at 1000°C. Increasing the thickness of the TGo layer decreased the corrosion resistance. The elemental analysis and image mapping revealed the migration of active elements from the substrate and coatings toward the corrosive environment.

关键词： corrosion coatings superalloy oxides

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Comparison of novel tools with traditional cognitive tests in detecting delirium in elderly medical patients

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2020年第4期10卷 46-58页

作者： David J Meagher Henry o’Connell Maeve Leonard olugbenga Williams Fahad Awan Chris Exton Michael Tenorio Margaret o’connor Colum P Dunne Walter Cullen John McFarland Dimitrios adamis Cognitive Impairment Research Group Graduate Entry Medical SchoolUniversity of LimerickLimerick V94 YVHOIreland Department of Computer Sciences University of LimerickLimerick V94 YVHOIreland School of Medicine University College DublinDublin 4 D04 V1W8Ireland Sligo Mental Health Services BallytivanSligo F91 CD34Ireland

BACKGRoUND Efficient detection of delirium and comorbid delirium-dementia is a key diagnostic *** of new,efficient delirium-focused methods of cognitive assessment is a key challenge for improved detection of neurocognitive disorders in everyday clinical *** To compare the accuracy of two novel bedside tests of attention,vigilance and visuospatial function with conventional bedside cognitive tests in identifying delirium in older hospitalized *** 180 consecutive elderly medical inpatients(mean age 79.6±7.2;51%female)referred to a psychiatry for later life consultation-liaison service with delirium,dementia,comorbid delirium-dementia and cognitively intact *** were assessed cross-sectionally with conventional bedside cognitive tests[WoRLD,Months Backward test(MBT),Spatial span,Vigilance A and B,Clock Drawing test and Interlocking Pentagons test]and two novel cognitive tests[Lighthouse test,Letter and Shape Drawing test(LSD)-4].RESULTS Neurocognitive diagnoses were delirium(n=44),dementia(n=30),comorbid delirium-dementia(n=60)and no neurocognitive disorder(n=46).All conventional tests had sensitivity of>70%for delirium,with best overall accuracy for the Vigilance-B(78.3%),Vigilance-A(77.8%)and MBT(76.7%)*** sustained attention component of the Lighthouse test was the most distinguishing of delirium(sensitivity 84.6%;overall accuracy 75.6%).The LSD-4 had sensitivity of 74.0%and overall accuracy 74.4%for delirium *** tests allowed for enhanced sensitivity(>90%)and overall accuracy(≥75%)with the highest overall accuracy for the combination of MBT-Vigilance A and the combined Vigilance A and B tests(both 78.3%).When analyses were repeated for those with dementia,there were similar findings with the MBTVigilance A the most accurate overall combination(80.0%).Combining the Lighthouse-SA with the LSD-4,a fail in either test had sensitivity for delirium of 91.4 with overall accuracy of 74.4%.

关键词： Visuospatial function Attention Vigilance Letter and Shape Drawing test Lighthouse test Delirium Dementia Phenomenology Assessment

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Chimera RNA interference knockdown of γ-synuclein in human cortical astrocytes results in mitotic catastrophe

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第10期15卷 1894-1902页

作者： Timmy Le Cynthia L.Winham Fotis Andromidas adam C.Silver Evan R.Jellison Aime A.Levesque Andrew o.Koob Graduate Program in Neuroscience Biology DepartmentUniversity of HartfordWest HartfordCTUSA Department of Immunology UCONN Health CenterFarmingtonCTUSA

Elevated levels of γ-synuclein(γ-syn)expression have been noted in the progression of glioblastomas,and also in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients diagnosed with neurodegenerative diseases.γ-Syn can be either internalized from the extracellular milieu or expressed endogenously by human cortical ***γ-syn results in increased cellular proliferation,brain derived neurotrophic factor release and ***,the function of endogenousγ-syn in primary astrocytes,and the relationship to these two opposing disease states are unknown.γ-Syn is expressed by astrocytes in the human cortex,and to gain a better understanding of the role of endogenous γ-syn,primary human cortical astrocytes were treated with chimera RNA interference(RNAi)targeting γ-syn after release from cell *** polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated an increase in endogenousγ-syn expression 48 hours after release from cell synchronization,while RNAi reduced γ-syn expression to control *** of Ki67 and 5-bromodeoxyuridine showed chimera RNAi γ-syn knockdown reduced cellular proliferation at 24 and 48 hours after release from cell *** further investigate the consequence of γ-syn knockdown on the astrocytic cell cycle,phosphorylated histone H3 pSer10(pHH3)and phosphorylated cyclin dependent kinase-2 pTyr15(pCDK2)levels were observed via western blot *** results revealed an elevated expression of pHH3,but not pCDK2,indicating γ-syn knockdown leads to disruption of the cell cycle and chromosomal compaction after 48 ***,flow cytometry with propidium iodide determined that increases in apoptosis coincided with γ-syn ***,γ-syn exerts its effect to allow normal astrocytic progression through the cell cycle,as evidenced by decreased proliferation marker expression,increased pHH3,and mitotic catastrophe after *** this study,we demonstrated that the knockdown of γ-syn with

关键词： apoptosis astrocyte cell cycle glioblastomas phospho-histone H3 proliferation synuclein

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