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Climate change attribution of the 2021 Henan extreme precipitation: Impacts of convective organization

Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第10期65卷 1837-1846页

作者： Han QIN Wei YUAN Jun WANG Yang CHEN Panxi DAI adam HSOBEL Zhiyong MENG Ji NIE Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Aviation Meteorological Center Civil Aviation Administration of ChinaBeijing 100621China Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia(RCE-TEA) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Department of Atmospheric Science School of Earth SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics and Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University

In this study, we investigate the climate attribution of the 21·7 Henan extreme precipitation event. A conditional storyline attribution method is used, based on simulations of the event with a small-domain high-resolution cloud-resolving model. Large-scale vertical motion is determined by an interactive representation of large-scale dynamics based on the quasigeostrophic omega equation, with dynamical forcing terms taken from observation-based reanalysis data. It is found that warming may lead to significant intensification of both regional-scale(10–14% K, depending on convective organization) and station-scale precipitation extremes(7–9% K^(-1)). By comparing clustered convection organized by a localized surface temperature anomaly and squall-line convection organized by vertical wind shear, we further explored how convective organization may modify precipitation extremes and their responses to warming. It is found that shear convective organization is much more sensitive to large-scale dynamic forcing and results in much higher precipitation extremes at both regional and station scales than unorganized convection is. The clustered convection increases station-scale precipitation only slightly during heavy precipitation events. For regional-scale extreme precipitation sensitivity, shear-organized convection has a larger sensitivity by 2–3% Kthan that of unorganized convection, over a wide temperature range, due to its stronger diabatic heating feedback. For the station-scale extreme precipitation sensitivity, no systemic dependence on convective organization is found in our simulations.

关键词： Extreme precipitation Global warming Climate change attribution Convective organization Hourly precipitation

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Atomistic learning in the electronically grand-canonical ensemble

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1619-1627页

作者： Xi Chen Muammar El Khatib Per Lindgren adam Willard Andrew J.Medford Andrew A.Peterson School of Engineering Brown UniversityProvidenceRI 02912USA Department of Chemistry Massachussetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMAUSA School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30318USA

A strategy is presented for the machine-learning emulation of electronic structure calculations carried out in the electronically grand-canonical *** approach relies upon a dual-learning scheme,where both the system charge and the system energy are predicted for each *** scheme is shown to be capable of emulating basic electrochemical reactions at a range of potentials,and coupling it with a bootstrap-ensemble approach gives reasonable estimates of the prediction *** method is also demonstrated to accelerate saddle-point searches,and to extrapolate to systems with one to five water *** anticipate that this method will allow for larger length-and time-scale simulations necessary for electrochemical simulations.

关键词： canonical ensemble electronic

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Post-operative prevention and monitoring of Crohn’s disease recurrence

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Gastroenterology Report 2022年第1期10卷 217-226页

作者： Kate E.Lee Sarah Cantrell Bo Shen adam S.Faye Department of Medicine Duke University Medical CenterDurhamNCUSA Duke University Medical Center Library&Archives Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNCUSA Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNYUSA Division of Gastroenterology NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA

Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC)are relapsing and remitting chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal *** surgery for UC can provide a cure,surgery for CD is rarely *** the past few decades,research has identified risk factors for postsurgical CD recurrence,enabling patient risk stratification to guide monitoring and prophylactic treatment to prevent CD recurrence.A MEDLINE literature review identified articles regarding post-operative monitoring of CD recurrence after resection *** this review,we discuss the evidence on risk factors for postoperative CD recurrence as well as suggestions on post-operative management.

关键词： post-operative Crohn’s management recurrence biologics

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Discovery of the inhibitor of DNA binding 1 as a novel marker for radioresistance in pancreatic cancer using genome-wide RNA-seq

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2022年第4期5卷 926-938页

作者： scar Zuniga Stephanie Byrum adam R.Wolfe Department of Radiation Oncology University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR 72205USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockAR 72205USA

Purpose/Objective(s): Discovery of genetic drivers of radioresistance is critical for developing novel therapeuticstrategies to combine with radiotherapy of radioresistant PDAC. In this study, we used genome-wide RNA-seq toidentify genes upregulated in generated radioresistant PDAC cell lines and discovered the Inhibitor of DNA Binding1 (ID1) gene as a potential regulator of radioresistance in ***/Methods: Radioresistant clones of the PDAC cell lines MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 were generated bydelivering daily ionizing irradiation (IR) (2 Gy/day) in vitro over two weeks (total 20 Gy) followed by standardclonogenic assays following one week from the end of IR. The generated RR and parental cell lines were submittedfor RNA-seq analysis to identify differentially expressed genes. The Limma R package was used to calculatedifferential expression among genes. Log2 fold change values were calculated for each sample compared to thecontrol. Genes with an absolute fold change > 1 were considered significant. RNA sequencing expression data fromthe Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was analyzed through the online databases GEPIA, cBioPortal, and theHuman Protein ***: Following exposure to two weeks of 2 Gy daily IR in vitro, the two PDAC cell lines showed significantlygreater clonogenic cell survival than their parental cell lines, indicating enhanced RR in these cells. RNA-seqanalysis comparing parental and RR cell lines found upregulated seven genes (TNS4, ZDHHC8P1, APLNR, AQP3,SPP1, ID1, ID2) and seven genes downregulated (PTX3, ITGB2, EPS8L1, ALDH1L2, KCNT2, ARHGAP9, IFI16) in bothRR cell lines. Western blotting confirmed increased expression of the ID1 protein in the RR cell lines compared totheir parental cell lines. We found that ID1 mRNA was significantly higher in PDAC tumors compared to matchednormal and high ID1 expression correlated with significantly worse disease-free survival (DFS) in PDAC patients(HR = 2.2, log rank P = 0.009). ID1 mRNA express

关键词： Pancreatic cancer radiation resistance ID1 RNA-seq

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Protecting health facilities:design options for armed conflict and climate change disasters

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Emergency and Critical Care Medicine 2023年第1期3卷 1-3页

作者： Heather Groves adam L.Kushner Shailvi Gupta University ofMaryland School of Medicine BaltimoreMDUSA Surgeons OverSeas New YorkNYUSA Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA

Hospital facility designs are essential to maintaining function during times of *** hospitals to remain open during emergencies,their structuresmust resist forces frommany types of hazards such as earthquakes,hurricanes,flooding,and even societal hazards,such as *** disasters are becomingmore dangerous with the advent of global climate *** this article,we investigate health care building design interventions to protect ***,amulti-hazard approach is the best way to prepare hospitals for resiliency in the face of disaster.

关键词： Armed conflict Climate change Disaster preparedness Hospital design

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Microwave absorption properties of carbonyl iron-based paint coatings for military applications

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2023年第4期22卷 1-9页

作者： Wojciech Przybyl adam Januszko Norbert Radek Marcin Szczepaniak Krzysztof A.Bogdanowicz Ireneusz Plebankiewicz Bogusława Szczodrowska Robert Mazurczuk Military Institute of Engineer Technology ul.Obornicka 136Wrocław50-961Poland Kielce University of Technology Faculty of Mechatronics and Mechanical EngineeringAl.1000-lecia P.P.7Kielce25-314Poland

The paper explores the possibilities of using carbonyl iron in the form of a powder for the manufacture of radar-absorbing paints-reducing the radar signature of the objects that they *** attenuation values in the range of 4-18 GHz for various coating thicknesses,ranging from 0.5 to 2.00 mm with 0.5 mm increment,and for different absorber content-75%and 80%,as well as the use of two different binders in the form of epoxy resins with hardeners,were *** the frequency of 18 GHz and a 1.5 mm thick coating with a 75%absorber content,Epidian 112 resin and Saduramid 10/50 hardener used as a binder,and the maximum attenuation level obtained equalled 20.2 d B at 16 ***,the absorber particle size ranging from 3 to 4μm and its higher mass content resulted in achieving the reflection loss above-12 d B in the entire 8-12.5 GHz range for layers between 1-and 1.5 mm *** qualitative assessment of the tested samples in the context of camouflage in the radar range was also performed,using statistical analysis.

关键词： Radar Attenuation Carbonyl iron Coating Camouflage

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Climate change and surgical implications

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Emergency and Critical Care Medicine 2023年第1期3卷 4-5页

作者： Clifton Ewbank Kevin Gianaris adam L.Kushner Department of Surgery University of California San Francisco–East BayOaklandCAUSA Indiana University College of Medicine IndianapolisINUSA Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA

The healthcare sector contributes nearly 5%of the total global carbon emissions,and much of this is attributable to the delivery of surgical *** this article,we reviewthe impact of surgery on climate change and propos... 详细信息

关键词： Climate change Global surgery Surgery

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Nonlinear optical trapping effect with reverse saturable absorption

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Advanced Photonics 2023年第4期5卷 66-73页

作者： Zheng Zhu Yuquan Zhang Shuoshuo Zhang Aurele J.L.adam Changjun Min Hendrik Paul Urbach Xiaocong Yuan Shenzhen University Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics and State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous IntegrationNanophotonics Research CenterShenzhenChina Research Institute of Intelligent Sensing Research Center for Humanoid SensingZhejiang LabHangzhouChina Delft University of Technology Optics Research GroupDelftThe Netherlands

Nonlinear responses of nanoparticles induce enlightening phenomena in optical tweezers. With thegradual increase in optical intensity, effects from saturable absorption (SA) and reverse SA (RSA) arise insequence and thereby modulate the nonlinear properties of materials. In current nonlinear optical traps,however, the underlying physical mechanism is mainly confined within the SA regime because thresholdvalues required to excite the RSA regime are extremely high. Herein, we demonstrate, both in theory andexperiment, nonlinear optical tweezing within the RSA regime, proving that a fascinating composite trappingstate is achievable at ultrahigh intensities through an optical force reversal induced through nonlinearabsorption. Integrated results help in perfecting the nonlinear optical trapping system, thereby providingbeneficial guidance for wider applications of nonlinear optics.

关键词： nonlinear optical tweezers optical force reverse saturable absorption

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White matter hyperintensity progression is associated with incident probable dementia or mild cognitive impairment

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2022年第4期7卷 364-366页

作者： adam de Havenon Kevin N Sheth Sharon D Yeatts Tanya N Turan Shyam Prabhakaran Neurology Yale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA Public Health Sciences MUSCCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA Neurology MUSCCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA Neurology University of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA

Background White matter hyperintensity(WMH)on brain MRI is associated with developing dementia or mild cognitive impairment(MCI),but WMH progression over time has not been fully investigated as an independent risk *** We performed a post hoc analysis of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial-Memory and Cognition in Decreased Hypertension(SPRINT MIND)*** primary outcome was incident probable dementia or MCI(dementia/MCI)before the follow-up MRI at 48 months from *** primary predictor was WMH progression,defined as the Z score difference between the follow-up and baseline WMH *** secondary predictor was a binary WMH progression threshold(≥1.4 mL vs<1.4 mL).Results Among the 433 included patients,33(7.6%)developed dementia/*** were 156(36.0%)patients who met the WMH progression threshold of≥1.4 mL,in whom the rate of dementia/MCI was 12.8%(20/156)vs 4.7%(13/277)of patients with<1.4 mL WMH progression(p=0.002).In multivariable logistic regression,the Z score of WMH progression was associated with dementia/MCI(OR 1.51,95%CI 1.12 to 2.04,p=0.007)as was the WMH progression threshold of≥1.4 mL(OR 2.89,95%CI 1.23 to 6.81,p=0.015).Conclusions In this post hoc analysis of SPRINT MIND,WMH progression over 48 months was associated with the development of probable dementia or MCI.

关键词： impairment Blood incident

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Liver decompensation after rapid weight loss from semaglutide in a patient with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis -associated cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第47期29卷 6165-6167页

作者： Matthew Peverelle Jonathan Ng James Peverelle Ryan D.Hirsch adam Testro Liver transplant unit Austin HealthMelbourne 3084Australia Liver transplant unit Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084VictoriaAustralia

There is rapidly increasing uptake of GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) agonistssuch as semaglutide worldwide for weight loss and management of non-alcoholicsteatohepatitis (NASH). remains a paucity of safety data in the vulnerable NASHcirrhotic population. We report herein the first documented case of liver decompensationand need for liver transplant waitlisting in a patient with NASHcirrhosistreated with semaglutide. Rapid weight loss led to the development ofascites and hepatic encephalopathy and an increase in the patients Model forEndstage Liver Disease-Na (MELD-Na) score from 11 to 22. Aggressive nutritionalsupplementation was commenced and the semaglutide was stopped. Overthe following months she regained her weight and her liver recompensated andher MELD-Na decreased to 13, allowing her to be delisted from the transplantwaitlist. This case serves as a cautionary tale to clinicians using semaglutide in thecirrhotic population and highlights the need for more safety data in this patientgroup.

关键词： Semaglutide Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Cirrhosis Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis cirrhosis Glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists Weight loss

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