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Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Concentrations in Topsoil of Makurdi and Its Environs

Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第8期11卷 49-64页

作者： ada florence ogli adams Udoji Itodo Raymond Ahulle Wuana Rufus Sha’Ato Department of Chemistry Akawe Torkula Polytechnic Makurdi Benue State Nigeria Department of Chemistry/Centre for Agrochemical Technology Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University Makurdi Benue State Nigeria

This work examined the concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb pollution in soil and estimated the potential ecological risks of these metals in Makurdi and its environs, using established pollution indices. The information derived from pollution indices will help to assess the extent, and intensity of anthropogenic contaminant deposition on surface soil in the study area. The soil samples were collected from sixteen (16) locations across the investigated sites, sampled as appropriate and treated using established methods and analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The findings have revealed that the concentrations of the metals in the topsoil samples were arranged in the sequence from increasing to decreasing order thus: Cr > Pb > Cd > Hg > As. It was observed that the pollution levels of As and Hg were insignificant, while, the level of pollution caused by Cd, Cr and Pb ranged from low level of contamination to high level of contamination across the investigated sites, except, for the control site (BZ) whose pollution level was insignificant with respect to the heavy metals studied. The results could be used as preliminary baseline data for heavy metal concentrations for future assessment and monitoring. Therefore, there is an urgent need to effect mitigation measures to reduce the ecological environmental risks, taking into consideration that human activities which are the main source of pollutants are still ongoing in the study area.

关键词： Pollution Contamination Single Indices Integrated Indices Makurdi

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GIS Mapping, Biomonitoring and Distribution of Heavy Metal Concentrations Using Neem (Azadirachta indica) Bark in Makurdi Town, Benue State, Nigeria

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第7期11卷 213-226页

作者： ada florence ogli Mohammed Ahmed adams Udoji Itodo Raymond Ahulle Wuana Rufus Sha’Ato Department of Chemistry Akawe Torkula Polytechnic Makurdi Nigeria Department of Geography Bayero University Kano Nigeria Department of Chemistry/Centre for Agrochemical Technology Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University Makurdi Nigeria

The present work determined the concentration and spatial distribution of heavy metals (As, Hg, Cr, Cd and Pb) in soil samples from Makurdi and its environs using geographic information system (GIS). The specific objective is to produce the spatial distribution maps showing the spatial distribution of toxic heavy metals in the study area. Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), a GIS technique was used to produce dotted maps showing the spatial distribution of heavy metals in neem bark for better visualization of contamination zones and non-contamination zones. The map reveals few hotspot areas showing areas of high concentrations of the heavy metals investigated which were identified in red colours, the following concentration ranges were obtained;As (4.71 - 6.43 mg/kg), Cd (13.9 - 16.84 mg/kg), Cr (46.3 - 60.84 mg/kg), Hg (3.70 - 5.05 mg/kg) and Pb (24.02 - 31.34 mg/kg). These hotspot areas were found close to business outlets, fuel filling and service stations, farm sites where the application of fertilizers and pesticides were persistent coupled with heavy traffic of vehicles and other machinery which was associated with As, Hg, Cd, Pb and Cr been released into the environment thus, suggesting anthropogenic activities controlling the concentration of these heavy metals in the study areas. The cumulative effect of these heavy metals into the barks of neem could pose as danger, because this plant is used as herbs in folk medicine.

关键词： Heavy Metal Contamination Spatial Distribution Inverse Distance Weighting Folk Medicine Makurdi

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Contamination of microgreens by Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli is influenced by selection breeding in chicory(Cichorium intybus L.)

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Food Quality and Safety 2022年第2期6卷 244-251页

作者： Anna Lenzi ada Baldi Letizia Lombardelli Stefania Truschi Massimiliano Marvasi Piero Bruschi Department of Agriculture FoodEnvironment and Forestry(DAGRI)University of FlorenceFlorenceItaly Department of Biology University of FlorenceFlorenceItaly

The aim of this study was to assess whether selection breeding in chicory(Cichorium intybus L.)led changes in the susceptibility to Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli contamination and whether the anatomical traits of the leaves are involved in the possible *** chicory genotypes subjected to different intensities of selection were compared at the microgreen *** retention was evaluated after leaf incubation for 1.5 h on the surface of the bacterial suspension,followed by rinsing,grinding,plating on selective media,and colony forming unit(CFU)*** density of stomata and trichomes,total stomatal length and width,stomatal pit width,surface roughness and sharpness were *** intensively selected genotype(Witloof)was significantly more prone to contamination(2.9±0.3 lg CFU/cm^(2))as the average of the two bacterial types than the wild accession(Wild;2.3±0.4 lg CFU/cm^(2))and the moderately selected genotypes(two leaf chicories,Catalogna type,and root chicory'Magdeburg';on average,1.9±0.3 lg CFU/cm^(2)).Witloof microgreens also showed larger stomata(on average+34%for stoma width and+44%for pit width),which could justify,at least in part,the higher susceptibility to enterobacterial *** fact,when contamination was performed in the dark(closed stomata),the bacterial retention in Witloof was significantly reduced in comparison with the opened stomata(-44%)and in Wild(-26%).Differences in retention between Witloof and Wild were still observed after UV *** hierarchical clustering performed by grouping the leaf anatomical features was consistent with the chicory genetic *** results suggest that the domestication process can affect the safety of produce and that the micromorphological traits of the leaves may be involved.

关键词： chicory genotypes enterobacteria contamination raw-consumed vegetables micro vegetables selective breeding food safety stoma

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