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Integrative Zoology 2014年第1期9卷 34-45页

作者： achyut aryal Dianne BRUNTON Weihong JI David RAUBENHEIMER Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences Massey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand Fauna and Flora Conservation Nepal KathmanduNepal Charles Perkins Centre and Faculty of Veterinary Science and School of Biological Sciences The University of SydneySydneyAustralia.

The Himalaya region of Nepal provides a habitat for the endangered snow leopard(Panthera uncia)and its principal prey species,the blue sheep(Pseudois nayaur).The aim of this study was to describe the habitat,the distribution and the population structure of blue sheep,and to estimate their contribution to the carrying capac-ity of snow leopard in the upper Mustang region of *** sheep were recorded at altitudes from 3209-5498 m on slopes with gradients of 16-60°and aspects of 40°NE to 140°SE.A total of 939 blue sheep were counted in the upper Mustang region,and 98 were counted in the Yak Kharka region of Manang district;how-ever,upper Mustang had the lowest population density of blue sheep recorded within their distribution range in Nepal(0.86 blue sheep/km^(2)).The results of the study show that a higher density of blue sheep is associated with greater plant species *** most important species present in the blue sheep habitat were Kobresia pyg-maea,Artemesia spp.,Lonicera spp.,Lancea tibetica,Poa spp.,Astragalus *** Ephedra *** is estimated that the existing blue sheep population biomass of approximately 38925 kg in the upper Mustang re-gion could support approximately 19 snow leopards(1.6 snow leopards/100 km^(2)).

关键词： blue sheep carrying capacity habitat use population density snow leopard

So much for the city:Urban–rural song variation in a widespread Asiatic songbird

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第2期13卷 194-205页

作者： Samuel D.HILL achyut aryal Matthew D.M.PAWLEY Weihong JI Human-Wildlife Interactions Research Group Institute of Natural and Mathematical SciencesMassey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand School of Life and Environmental Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia Department of Forestry and Resource Management Toi Ohomai Institute of TechnologyRotoruaNew Zealand Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences Massey UniversityAucklandNew Zealand

Song plays a fundamental role in intraspecific communication in *** temporal and structural components of songs can vary in different *** include urban habitats where anthropogenic sounds and alteration of habitat structure can significantly affect songbird vocal ***-rural variations in song complexity,song length and syllable rate are not fully *** this study,using the oriental magpie-robin(Copsychus saularis)as a model,we investigated urban-rural variation in song complexity,song length,syllable rate,syllable length and inter-syllable *** urban and rural songs from 7 countries across its natural Asiatic range(Bangladesh,India,Malaysia,Nepal,Singapore,Sri Lanka and Thailand),we found no significant differences in oriental magpie-robin song ***,we found significant differences in temporal song variables between urban and rural *** songs and inter-syllable intervals in addition to slower syllable rates within urban sites contributed the most to this *** indicates that the urban environment may have driven production of longer and slower songs to maximize efficient transmission of important song information in urban habitats.

关键词： communication complexity length oriental magpie-robin song syllable

Shifting paradigms for Nepal＇s protected areas： history, challenges and relationships

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第5期14卷 964-979页

作者： Babu R BHATTARAI Wendy WRIGHT Buddi S POUDEL achyut aryal Bhupendra P YADAV Radha WAGLE Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation #860KathmanduNepal Faculty of Science and Technology Federation University AustraliaVictoriaAustralia Department of Forest Research and Survey #3339KthmanduNepal Institute of Mathematical and Natural Sciences Massey University#102904AucklandNew Zealand Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation #12476 KathmanduNepal

The modern history of protected area(PA) management in Nepal dates back to 1973 when the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act(1973) was promulgated and Chitwan National Park was established. In the years immediately following these key events, protected area acts and regulations were strictly applied and the role of local people in managing natural resources was neglected. However with the passage of time, and with changes in the socio-political and economic characteristics of Nepal, management regimes have shifted towards a more liberal model which recognizes more clearly the contributions of people living and working within protected areas. Recently, landscape level conservation models including the designation of multiple use areas have been utilized in the development of management plans for protected areas in Nepal. Conservation agencies have attempted to tackle challenges such as land use conflict, poaching and smuggling of wildlife parts and illegal harvesting of highly valued medicinal herbs through regulation, but these efforts are not always successful. We recommend a holistic conflict resolution approach which recognizes and resolves the different needs of all stakeholders.

关键词： Protected area National Park Conservation Management Development history Nepal

An Assessment of Yarsagumba(Ophiocordyceps sinensis) Collection in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve, Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第2期11卷 555-562页

作者： Barna Bahadur THAPA Saroj PANTHI Rajesh Kumar RAI Uttam Babu SHRESTHA achyut aryal Sabina SHRESTHA Bhushan SHRESTHA Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Babar Mahal Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Baglung Station Green Governance Nepal Department of Biology University of Massachusetts Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences Massey University Graduate School of Biotechnology Institute of Life Sciences and Resources Kyung Hee University Green Energy Mission/Nepal Ghatte Kulo Anam Nagar Mushroom Research Division National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science Rural Development Administration

Yarsagumba(Ophiocordyceps sinensis), an endemic species to the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau, is one of the most valuable medicinal mushrooms in the world. In Nepal, it is distributed largely in isolated patches of alpine grasslands of 3,000-5,000 m elevation. Although it is reported from 27 northernmost districts of Nepal, the local distribution pattern of this species is largely ***, the collection system and local management regime of this species are not well documented. We conducted a field survey at Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve(DHR) among the different stakeholders in January-June 2012 to assess collection sites, patterns and trends and to understand the management regime. We estimated that about 75 kg of Yarsagumba is collected every year from DHR and the amount has been declining since 2008. To manage the resource, locals have initiated regulating the collection by issuing permits, taxing to the collectors, and monitoring the activities of harvesters with the help of park authorities. The revenue generated at local level from the permits has been used for community developmental activities.

关键词：冬虫夏草尼泊尔保护区收集狩猎评估喜马拉雅山利益相关者

Impacts of road on plant invasions in the Middle Mountain region of central Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第2期21卷 619-632页

作者： Ananda ADHIKARI Adarsha SUBEDI achyut TIWARI Bharat Babu SHRESTHA Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan UniversityKirtipur 44618Nepal

Biological invasion is triggered by human development activities such as the construction and expansion of road *** verges serve as important habitats and corridors for the distribution of invasive alien plant species(IAPS)between geographically distant ***,the trajectory of plant invasion and the data regarding the impact of roads on IAPS distribution are relatively poor in ***,we surveyed two road types(main roads and feeder road)in the Middle Mountain region of central Nepal in order to investigate how different road types are driving the dispersal of IAPS along road verges and the adjacent natural *** sampling was conducted at ca 2.5 km intervals along the *** each sampling site,paired plots(25 m×4 m)were sampled:one adjacent to and along the road,and another 20 m away and parallel to it in the interior *** results revealed that the main road verges had a higher cover(33%)and a larger number of IAPS(14 species)than the feeder road(25%;10 species).The IAPS cover and richness were significantly higher along verges than in the adjacent interior habitats for both road types,indicating that roads are contributing as corridors for the dispersal of IAPS in the Middle Mountain areas of central ***,elevation,tree canopy,and disturbances(grazing/mowing/trampling)were found to be the key factors that determine spatial distribution of IAPS along road *** emphasize that regular monitoring of vegetation along the road verges can help with the early detection and control of potential IAPS in the region before they become problematic.

关键词： Biological invasions Dispersal corridor Invasive alien plants Transport infrastructure Himalayan mountains

尼泊尔用于缓解人与野生动物冲突之电篱笆经济效用分析（英文）

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2014年第3期5卷 237-243页

作者： Saraswoti SAPKOTA achyut aryal Shanta Ram BARAL Matt W.HAYWARD David RAUBENHEIMER 特里布万大学林学院尼泊尔联邦民主共和国国家公园与野生动物保护部新西兰梅西大学自然科学与数学学院尼泊尔联邦民主共和国林业部班戈大学自然科学学院比勒陀利亚大学野生动物管理中心悉尼大学兽医学院查尔斯.珀金斯中心悉尼大学生物科学学院

人与野生动物冲突是全世界自然保护工作所面临的最大挑战之一。为降低这些冲突的影响,各国采取了各种保护策略,但这些策略常常得不到足够的监测,其效力也得不到充分的评估。近年来,作为降低人与野生动物冲突的一项措施,尼泊尔各保护区... 详细信息

人与野生动物冲突是全世界自然保护工作所面临的最大挑战之一。为降低这些冲突的影响,各国采取了各种保护策略,但这些策略常常得不到足够的监测,其效力也得不到充分的评估。近年来,作为降低人与野生动物冲突的一项措施,尼泊尔各保护区周围建起了电篱笆。到目前为止,未见有其他针对保护工作中采用电篱笆的成本效率及其功效开展分析的研究。本研究的目的是检验尼泊尔近年来设立于旺国家公园东区的电篱笆的成本效率。印度犀牛(Rhinoceros unicornis)、野猪(Sus scrofa)、亚洲象(Elephas maximus)、老虎(Panthera tigris)是该国家公园周边缓冲区涉及人与野生动物冲突的主要物种,这里建有电篱笆。电篱笆使庄稼受损减少78%,家畜损失减少30%-60%。研究区的人类死亡数未表现出显著下降,而是继续维持较低数值。我们的分析表明,至2009/2010财政年度,电篱笆成本的总净现值,卡根社区(KMUC)为1 517 959尼泊尔卢比(21 685美元),姆瑞加社区(MKUC)为3 530 075卢比(50 429美元);而净现收益,卡根社区为16 301 105卢比(232 872美元),姆瑞加社区为38 304 602卢比(547 208美元)。至2009/2010基准财政年度,电篱笆的成本-效益比率,卡根社区为10.73,姆瑞加社区为10.85。这些结果表明,在大型哺乳动物出没的保护区周围,电篱笆计划在降低人与野生动物冲突方面,既有经济效益,又有很好的社会效益。

关键词：人与野生动物冲突电篱笆成本-效益分析奇旺国家公园

Origin and evolution of a new tetraploid mangrove species in an intertidal zone

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Plant Diversity 2024年第4期46卷 476-490页

作者： Hui Feng achyut Kumar Banerjee Wuxia Guo Yang Yuan Fuyuan Duan Wei Lun Ng Xuming Zhao Yuting Liu Chunmei Li Ying Liu Linfeng Li Yelin Huang State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources School of Life SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275GuangdongChina Department of Bioengineering Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical UniversityZhuhai 519041GuangdongChina China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences Xiamen University MalaysiaSepang 43900SelangorMalaysia School of Agriculture Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen 518107GuangdongChina School of Ecology Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen 518107GuangdongChina

Polyploidy is a major factor in the evolution of plants,yet we know little about the origin and evolution of polyploidy in intertidal *** study aimed to identify the evolutionary transitions in three truemangrove species of the genus Acanthus distributed in the Indo-West Pacific *** this purpose,we took an integrative approach that combined data on morphology,cytology,climatic niche,phylogeny,and biogeography of 493 samples from 42 geographic *** results show that the Acanthus ilicifolius lineage distributed east of the Thai-Malay Peninsula possesses a tetraploid karyotype,which is morphologically distinct from that of the lineage on the west *** haplotype networks and phylogenetic trees for the chloroplast genome and eight nuclear genes reveal that the tetraploid species has two sub-genomes,one each from *** and ***,the paternal and maternal parents,*** structure analysis also supports the hybrid speciation history of the new tetraploid *** two sub-genomes of the tetraploid species diverged from their diploid progenitors during the *** niche models revealed that the tetraploid species not only occupied the near-entire niche space of the diploids,but also expanded into novel *** findings suggest that *** species distributed on the east side of the Thai-Malay Peninsula should be regarded as a new species,***,which originated from hybridization between *** and ***,followed by chromosome *** is the first report of a true-mangrove allopolyploid species that can reproduce sexually and clonally reproduction,which explains the long-term adaptive potential of the species.

关键词： Acanthus Allopolyploid Biogeography Evolution Hybridization Polyploidy

Detailed approach toward the anti-hyperglycemic potential of Sterculia diversifolia *** against alloxan-induced in vivo hyperglycemia model

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2022年第1期42卷 17-22页

作者： Fazle Rabbi Amir Zada Amna Nisar achyut Adhikari Irfan Ullah Shafiq Ur Rahman Department of Pharmacy Abasyn University PeshawarPeshawar 25000Khyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan Department of Pharmacy University of PeshawarPeshawar 25120Khyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan Central Department of Chemistry Tribhuvan UniversityKritipur 44613KathmanduNepal Department of Pharmacy Sarhad University of Science and Information TechnologyPeshawar25000Khyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan Department of Pharmacy Shaheed Benazir Bhutto UniversitySheringalDir(Upper)18000Khyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan

OBJECTIVE:To investigate Sterculia diversifolia *** for potential anti-diabetic activity in the in vivo mouse model of alloxan-induced ***:Sterculia diversifolia(***)was subjected to extraction and isolation techniques and structural characterization of the isolated compounds were performed using spectroscopic *** acute toxicity test was performed by orally administering *** in doses of 500-2000 mg/*** the assessment of anti-hyperglycemic activity,*** bark and leaves extracts were administered orally in doses of 50,100,and 200 mg/kg,along with metformin(150 mg/kg,i.p)as positive control,after confirmation of alloxan(150 mg/kg,i.p.)induced hyperglycemia in BALB/c *** biochemical parameters were monitored for the period of ***:The phytochemical studies showed the presence of quercetin and kaempferol in *** IC50 values in the in vivo acute toxicity study revealed the safety margin of *** bark(1166.66 mg/kg)and leaves(683.34 mg/kg)extracts.A significant attenuation of alloxan induced hyperglycemia was produced by *** extracts at 50 mg/kg(P<0.05),100 mg/kg(P<0.05,<0.01),and 150 mg/kg(P<0.05,<0.01,<0.001)during 1-4 h,which was comparable to metformin(P<0.001).Significant(P<0.001)improvement appeared in blood hemoglobin,protein,cholesterol,triglycerides,urea,creatinine,HDL,and LDL of the stem bark and leaves extracts treated diabetic ***:These findings connote the usefulness of *** as an anti-diabetic in traditional medicine and this might be attributed to the presence of quercetin and kaempferol,among other phytochemicals.

关键词： Sterculia hypoglycemic agents quercetin Kaempferols biochemical parameters

Catalytic performances of kaoline and silica alumina in the thermal degradation of polypropylene

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燃料化学学报 2011年第3期39卷 198-202页

作者： achyut K Panda R K Singh National Institute of Technology Rourkela Orissa Centurion Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar Orissa

Polypropylene was cracked thermally and catalytically in the presence of kaoline and silica alumina in a semi batch reactor in the temperature range 400℃～550℃ in order to obtain suitable liquid *** dependencies between process temperatures,types of catalyst,feed compositions and product yields of the obtained fuel fractions were *** was observed that up to 450℃ thermal cracking temperature,the major product of pyrolysis was liquid oil and the major product at other higher temperatures(475℃～550℃) are viscous liquid or wax and the highest yield of pyrolysis product is 82.85% by weight at 500℃.Use of kaoline and silica alumina decreased the reaction time and increased the yield of liquid *** the major pyrolysis product in catalytic pyrolysis at all temperatures was low viscous liquid *** alumina was found better as compared to kaoline in liquid yield and in reducing the reaction *** maximum oil yield using silica alumina and kaoline catalyst are 91% and 89.5% *** the basis of the obtained results hypothetical continuous process of waste polypropylene plastics processing for engine fuel production can be presented.

关键词： polypropylene pyrolysis silica alumina kaoline engine fuel

Plant endemism in the Nepal Himalayas and phytogeographical implications

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Plant Diversity 2019年第3期41卷 174-182页

作者： achyut Tiwari Yadav Uprety Santosh Kumar Rana Department of Botany Tri-Chandra Campus Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan University Kirtipur Kathmandu Nepal Research Centre for Applied Science and Technology Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Kathmandu Nepal Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650201 Yunnan China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Nepal is located in the central part of the greater Himalayan range with a unique series of mountain chains formed by recent mountain building geological events. As one of the youngest mountains in the world it contributes to diversity of plants and also provided barriers to and corridors through which plants migrated during the ice ages. The higher altitudinal variation with the high mountains, deep river valleys and lowland plains combine with the effects of the summer monsoon and dry winter result with an extraordinary diversity of ecosystems including flora and fauna in a relatively small land area. The existing checklists for Nepal record some 6000 species of flowering plants and about 530 ferns. However, the botanical experts estimate that numbers may go up to 7000 when the poorly known remote regions are fully explored. The information on plant endemism in Nepal Himalaya is not adequately known as Nepal is still struggling to complete long awaited Flora of Nepal project. Endemic species are confined to specific areas and are the first to be affected by land use and other global changes. We sought to explore the spatial distribution of endemic plant species in Nepal in relation to the consequences associated with climatic and geologic changes over time in the region with the help of published literature. It was found that the endemism showed marked spatial variation between open moist habitat and dry inner valleys, the former with higher endemism. The updated records showed 312 flowering plant species to be endemic to Nepal with higher endemism around the elevation of 3800e4200 m at sea level. The recent human population explosion, intensified deforestation, habitat fragmentation and modern day environmental changes are posing greater threats to endemic plant in Nepal. The conservation status and threats to these peculiar species are unknown. Nevertheless, environmental degradation and high poverty rates create a potent mix of threats to biodiversity in this l

关键词： Himalaya Topography Endemism