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Insulin resistance as the molecular link between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第7期15卷 1430-1447页

作者： Mona Mohamed Ibrahim abdalla Department of Human Biology School of MedicineInternational Medical UniversityBukit Jalil 57000Kuala LumpurMalaysia

Diabetes mellitus(DM)and Alzheimer's disease(AD)are two major health concerns that have seen a rising prevalence *** studies have indicated a possible link between DM and an increased risk of developing ***,while primarily known for its role in regulating blood sugar,also plays a vital role in protecting brain *** resistance(IR),especially prevalent in type 2 diabetes,is believed to play a significant role in AD's *** insulin signalling becomes dysfunctional,it can negatively affect various brain functions,making individuals more susceptible to AD's defining features,such as the buildup of beta-amyloid plaques and tau protein *** research suggests that addressing insulin-related issues might help reduce or even reverse the brain changes linked to *** review aims to explore the relationship between DM and AD,with a focus on the role of *** also explores the molecular mechanisms by which IR might lead to brain changes and assesses current treatments that target *** IR's role in the connection between DM and AD offers new possibilities for treatments and highlights the importance of continued research in this interdisciplinary field.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease Insulin resistance Obesity Dementia Diabetes Metabolic syndrome

Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial evaluating simethicone pretreatment with bowel preparation during colonoscopy

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2019年第6期11卷 413-423页

作者： Mohit Rishi Jaskarin Kaur Mark Ulanja Nicholas Manasewitsch Molly Svendsen abubaker abdalla Shashank Vemala Julie Kewanyama Karmjit Singh Nirmal Singh Nageshwara Gullapalli Eric Osgard Department of Internal Medicine University of NevadaReno School of MedicineRenown Regional Medical CenterRenoNV 89502 United States Gastroenterology Consultants LTDRenoNV 89502United States Aureus Univeristy School of Medicine Oranjestad 31CAruba American International Medical University Gross Islet 7610Saint Lucia

BACKGROUND The presence of small air bubbles and foam are an impediment to a successful colonoscopy. They impair an endoscopist’s view and diminish the diagnostic accuracy of the study. This has been particularly noted to be of concern with the switch to lower volume polyethylene glycol (PEG) and bisacodyl combination preparation. AIM To evaluate the effect of oral simethicone addition to bowel preparation on intraluminal bubbles reduction during colonoscopy. METHODS Described is a prospective, randomized, multi-center, double-blinded, placebocontrolled study to evaluate the use of premixed simethicone formulation with split-regimen, low-volume PEG-bisacodyl combination bowel preparation for 168 outpatients undergoing screening, surveillance, and diagnostic colonoscopies. Primary outcome includes evaluation of bubbles during colonoscopy graded using the Intraluminal Bubbles Scale. Secondary outcomes include evaluation of the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS), total number of polyps, polyp size differentiation, polyp laterality, adenoma detection, mass detection, cecal insertion time, withdrawal time, and patient-reported adverse events. RESULTS Higher Intraluminal Bubbles grades III and IV (less than 75% of the mucosa cleared of bubbles/foam requiring intervention with simethicone infused wash) were detected in the placebo group [Simethicone n = 4/84 vs Placebo n = 20/84 (P = 0.007)]. BBPS total score was 7.42 [standard deviation (SD)=± 1.51] in the simethicone group and 7.28 (SD =± 1.44) in the placebo group (P = 0.542) from a total of 9. Significantly higher number of adenomas were detected in the simethicone group (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION The addition of simethicone to bowel preparation is well advised for its antifoaming properties. The results of this study suggest that addition of oral simethicone can improve bowel wall visibility.

关键词： Simethicone Intraluminal bubbles Colonoscopy Adenoma detection

Classified VPN Network Traffic Flow Using Time Related to Artificial Neural Network

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第7期80卷 819-841页

作者： Saad abdalla Agaili Mohamed Sefer Kurnaz Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Altinbas UniversityIstanbul34000Turkey

VPNs are vital for safeguarding communication routes in the continually changing cybersecurity ***,increasing network attack complexity and variety require increasingly advanced algorithms to recognize and categorizeVPNnetwork *** present a novelVPNnetwork traffic flowclassificationmethod utilizing Artificial Neural Networks(ANN).This paper aims to provide a reliable system that can identify a virtual private network(VPN)traffic fromintrusion attempts,data exfiltration,and denial-of-service *** compile a broad dataset of labeled VPN traffic flows from various apps and usage ***,we create an ANN architecture that can handle encrypted communication and distinguish benign from dangerous *** effectively process and categorize encrypted packets,the neural network model has input,hidden,and output *** use advanced feature extraction approaches to improve the ANN’s classification accuracy by leveraging network traffic’s statistical and behavioral *** also use cutting-edge optimizationmethods to optimize network characteristics and *** suggested ANN-based categorization method is extensively tested and *** show the model effectively classifies VPN traffic *** also show that our ANN-based technique outperforms other approaches in precision,recall,and F1-score with 98.79%*** study improves VPN security and protects against new *** VPNtraffic flows effectively helps enterprises protect sensitive data,maintain network integrity,and respond quickly to security *** study advances network security and lays the groundwork for ANN-based cybersecurity solutions.

关键词： VPN network traffic flow ANN classification intrusion detection data exfiltration encrypted traffic feature extraction network security

High prevalence of chronic viral hepatitis B and C in Minnesota Somalis contributes to rising hepatocellular carcinoma incidence

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第35期28卷 5217-5229页

作者： Essa A Mohamed Nasra H Giama abubaker O abdalla Hassan M Shaleh Abdul M Oseini Hamdi A Ali Fowsiyo Ahmed Wesam Taha Hager Ahmed Mohammed Jessica Cvinar Ibrahim A Waaeys Hawa Ali Loretta K Allotey Abdiwahab O Ali Safra A Mohamed William S Harmsen Eimad M Ahmmad Numra A Bajwa Mohamud D Afgarshe Abdirashid M Shire Joyce E Balls-Berry Lewis R Roberts Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Center for Clinical and Translational Science Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States School of Nursing University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455United States Division of Digestive Diseases Emory School of MedicineAtlantaGA 30322United States Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Internal Medicine NewYork-Presbyterian QueensFlushingNY 11355United States Department of Pediatrics University of Nevada Las VegasLas VegasNV 89154United States Department of Quantitative Health Sciences Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Medicine Gargar Urgent Care and ClinicMinneapolisMN 55406United States Office of the Director Shire ScientificMinneapolisMN 55405United States Department of Neurology Washington University School of Medicine in St LouisSt LouisMO 63130United States Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisMO 63130United States

BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)and hepatitis C virus(HCV)infections are known risk factors for liver disease,cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).There is substantial global variation in HBV and HCV prevalence resulting in variations in cirrhosis and *** previously reported high prevalence of HBV and HCV infections in Somali immigrants seen at an academic medical center in *** To determine the prevalence of chronic viral hepatitis in Somali immigrants in Minnesota through a community-based screening *** We conducted a prospective community-based participatory research study in the Somali community in Minnesota in partnership with community advisory boards,community clinics and local mosques between November 2010 and December 2015(data was analyzed in 2020).Serum was tested for hepatitis B surface antigen,hepatitis B core antibody,hepatitis B surface antibody and anti-HCV *** Of 779 participants,15.4%tested positive for chronic HBV infection,50.2%for prior exposure to HBV and 7.6%for chronic HCV *** age-adjusted frequencies in males and females for chronic HBV were 12.5%and 11.6%;for prior exposure to HBV were 44.8%and 41.3%;and for chronic HCV were 6.7%and 5.7%,*** participants developed incident HCC during follow *** Chronic HBV and HCV are major risk factors for liver disease and HCC among Somali immigrants,with prevalence of both infections substantially higher than in the general United States ***-based screening is essential for identifying and providing health education and linkage to care for diagnosed patients.

关键词： Viral hepatitis Liver disease Community engagement African Immigrant health

Advancing diabetes management: Exploring pancreatic beta-cell restoration’s potential and challenges

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第40期30卷 4339-4353页

作者： Mona Mohamed Ibrahim abdalla Department of Human Biology School of MedicineInternational Medical UniversityBukit Jalil 57000Kuala LumpurMalaysia

Diabetes mellitus,characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency or resistance,poses a significant global health *** to its pathogenesis is the dysfunction or loss of pancreatic beta cells,which are res-ponsible for insulin *** advances in beta-cell regeneration research offer promising strategies for diabetes treatment,aiming to restore endogenous insulin production and achieve glycemic *** review explores the physiological basis of beta-cell function,recent scientific advan-cements,and the challenges in translating these findings into clinical *** highlights key developments in stem cell therapy,gene editing technologies,and the identification of novel regenerative *** the potential,the field faces hurdles such as ensuring the safety and long-term efficacy of regen-erative therapies,ethical concerns around stem cell use,and the complexity of beta-cell differentiation and *** review highlights the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration,increased funding,the need for patient-centered approaches and the integration of new treatments into comprehensive care strategies to overcome these *** continued research and collab-oration,beta-cell regeneration holds the potential to revolutionize diabetes care,turning a chronic condition into a manageable or even curable disease.

关键词： Diabetes therapies Beta cell regeneration Regenerative medicine Stem cell therapy Gene editing Molecular therapeutics

Advancing sandstone reservoir compressibility prediction:A correlation-driven methodology

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Petroleum Research 2024年第2期9卷 273-279页

作者： Tarek Ganat Meftah Hrairi Amr Badawy Vahid Khosravi Mohammed abdalla Department of Petroleum Chemical Engineering Sultan Qaboos UniversityP.O.Box 50Al-Khod123MuscatOman Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering International Islamic University MalaysiaP.O.Box 1050728Kuala LumpurMalaysia Reservoir Engineering Section Petronas Carigali SDN BHDP.O.Box 10500088Kuala LumpurMalaysia Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Faculty of EngineeringTechnologyand Built EnvironmentUCSI University56000Kuala LumpurMalaysia Chemical&Petroleum Engineering United Arab Emirates UniversityP.O.Box No.15551Al AinUAE

This study presents a correlation-based approach for predicting the compressibility of sandstone reservoir *** study proposes a matrix of new empirical equations that significantly improve the precision of measuring the pore volume compressibility,with the most optimal fit of results based on a cubic polynomial *** accuracy of the calculations was validated through comparison with actual data using root mean square method,and the suggested correlations significantly enhance the precise prediction of rock compressibility in sandstone *** this study,the source of data collection is consolidated and unconsolidated sandstone from East Asia offshore ***,variations in compressibility with net overburden pressure over the course of the field's lifespan have been *** results demonstrate the application of regression analysis in establishing a network of linkages between independent and dependent *** proposed correlations for consolidated and unconsolidated sandstones offer a remarkable improvement in the accurate calculation of rock compressibility compared to traditional laboratory procedures,with an average error of 2.5%compared to 5-10%for laboratory *** approach of this study offers a cost-effective and time-efficient alternative to remarkedly enhance the overall performance of sandstone reservoirs in the oil and gas industry.

关键词： Compressibility Consolidated and unconsolidated sandstone Rock properties Rock mechanics

Antimicrobial Activity of Some Commercial Toothpastes and Antibiotics on Two Oral Pathogenic Bacteria—An in-Vitro Study

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第3期12卷 168-181页

作者： abubaker Elrotob Idris Kabalci Department of Biomedical Engineering Engineering Faculty Karabuk University Karabuk Türkiye Department of Electric-Electronic Engineering Engineering and Natural Science Faculty U&scedilak University U&scedilak Türkiye Department of Electric-Electronic Engineering Engineering Faculty &Scedil&imathrnak University &Scedil&imathrnak Türkiye

Oral health problems such as periodontal diseases, dental caries, and endodontic infections have a significant negative impact on oral health and impose a substantial financial burden on the global population. The prevalence of these issues is increasing due to the buildup of bacterial plaque and the growing resistance of bacteria to antimicrobial treatments. The aims of this study to evaluate the anti-bacterial activity of four types of antibiotics (Amoxicillin, Augmentin, Azithromycin and Metronidazole) and four types of toothpastes (Sensodyne, ipana, denta and cariax Gingival Kin) on two oral pathogenic bacteria (Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus epidermidis). Bacterial samples of previously isolated Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcusepidermidis were used as test organisms and the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was employed to assess the antibacterial efficacy of various antibiotics and evaluate the impact of different toothpastes using a filter paper disc agar measurement technique. Each filter disc was saturated with toothpaste solution in a test tube for approximately 30 to 40 seconds, after which they were placed on Mueller-Hinton broth bacterial cultures in petri dishes. These Petri dishes were then incubated at 37°C for 24 hours, and the clear zone’s diameter (inhibition zone in mm) was subsequently measured and the results were recorded. The results demonstrated that Sensodyne toothpaste and Metronidazole antibiotic were ineffective against both types of bacteria, while Augmentin and Amoxicillin were effective by high diameter inhibition zones of growth against S. mutans and Azithromycine against S. epidermidis. Also Ipana, Denta, and Cariax Gingival Kin toothpastes exhibited a moderate effect against the two bacteria. This study suggests that certain antibiotics and toothpastes can effectively inhibit the growth of harmful oral bacteria, but not all of them are effective.

关键词： Antibacterial Effect Antibiotics Toothpastes Streptococcus mutans Staphylococcus epidermidis

Ballistic design and testing of a composite armour reinforced by CNTs suitable for armoured vehicles

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第2期32卷 173-195页

作者： Evangelos Ch.Tsirogiannis Evangelos Daskalakis Mohamed H.Hassan abdalla M.Omar Paulo Bartolo EODH SA Research and Development DepartmentLakkoma Chalkidikis63080Greece School of Mechanical Aerospace and Civil EngineeringUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM139PLUK Singapore Centre for 3D Printing School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological University639798Singapore

This paper is investigating the use of composite armour reinforced by nanomaterials, for the protection of light armoured(LAV) and medium armoured military vehicles(MAV), and the interaction between the composite materials and high-performance ballistic projectiles. Four armour materials, consisted of front hybrid fibre reinforced polymer cover layer, ceramic strike-face, fibre reinforced polymer intermediate layer and the metal matrix composite reinforced backplate, were manufactured and assembled by adhesive technology. The proposed laminated protection system is suitable for armoured ground vehicles;however, it could be used as armour on ground, air and naval platforms. The design of the protection system, including material selection and thickness, was elaborated depending on the performance requirements of Level 4 + STANAG 4569 military standard(projectile 14.5 mm × 114 mm API B32) and especially on a design philosophy which is analysed with the specifications. The backplate of this new composite is a hybrid material of Metal Matrix Composite(MMC) reinforced with carbon nanotubes(CNTs), manufactured with the use of powder metallurgy technique. The composite backplate material was morphologically, mechanically and chemically analysed. Results show that all plates are presenting high mechanical properties and ballistic characteristics, compared to commonly used armour plates. Real military ballistic tests according to AEP-STANAG 4569 were carried out for the total composite armour systems. After the ballistic tests, AA2024-CNT3 showed the best protection results, compared with the other plates(AA2024-CNT1 and AA2024-CNT2), with the projectile being unable to fully penetrate the composite plate.

关键词： Passive armour protection Protective armour Ballistic performance Hybrid composites Vehicle protection

Simulation and structural parameter optimization of rotary blade cutting soil based on SPH method

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2024年第3期17卷 82-90页

作者： Xiongye Zhang Xue Hu Lixin Zhang abdalla Noureldin Osman Kheiry College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Shihezi UniversityShihezi 832000XinjiangChina Bingtuan Energy Development Institute Shihezi UniversityShihezi 832000XinjiangChina Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Machinery Shihezi 832000XinjiangChina Key Laboratory of Northwest Agricultural Equipment Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsShihezi 832000XinjiangChina College of Agricultural Engineering Sudan University of Science and TechnologyKhartoum 999129Sudan

Pre-sowing mechanical tillage in crop fields is a primary task and important aspect of crop *** interaction between the tillage components and the soil plays a crucial role in determining the energy consumption of tillage ***,it is essential to investigate soil-tool interaction mechanisms and optimize tool design for energy savings in soil *** study employed the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics(SPH)method to investigate the soil cutting process of a typical rotary *** article describes the principles and modeling process of the SPH method in *** includes the selection of constitutive models,boundary treatments,and particle conversion.A high-precision soil-tool interaction model was established to analyze the deformation zone of the soil,cutting energy,cutting resistance,and soil particle *** simulation experiments and response surface methodology were used to optimize key design parameters of the rotary blade considering both the reduction in cutting power consumption and the impact on the structural performance of the *** optimal parameters were determined as follows:a bending point included angle of 30°,a side cutting edge bending line direction angle of 51°,and a bending angle of 120°.These parameters resulted in a minimum power consumption of 0.181 kW while meeting the required structural ***,experiments were conducted on field rotary tillage,and the measured power consumption showed a deviation of 7.1%from the simulated power *** optimized power consumption was reduced by 9.52%compared to the initial power consumption,validating the accuracy of the simulation process and the effectiveness of energy savings.

关键词： rotary blade Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics response surface methodology energy consumption optimization