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Postnatal ex vivo rat model for longitudinal bone growth investigations

Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2019年第1期2卷 34-43页

作者： Adamu Abdul abubakar Sahar mohammed Ibrahim Ahmed Khalaf Ali Kareem Obayes Handool Mohammad Shuaib Khan Mohamed Noordin Mustapha Tengku Azmi Ibrahim Ubedullah Kaka Loqman Mohamad Yusof Department of Companion Animal Medicine and Surgery Universiti Putra Malaysia Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology Usmanu Danfodiyo University Department of Surgery and Theriogenology College of Veterinary Medicine University of Mosul Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science Gomal University Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology Universiti Putra Malaysia Department of Pre-Clinical Veterinary Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Production and Biodiversity Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food SecurityUniversiti Putra Malaysia

Background: Chondrocytes in the growth plate(GP) undergo increases in volume during different cascades of cell differentiation during longitudinal bone growth. The volume increase is reported to be the most significant variable in understanding the mechanism of long bone ***: Forty-five postnatal Sprague-Dawley rat pups, 7-15 days old were divided into nine age groups(P7-P15). Five pups were allocated to each group. The rats were sacrificed and tibia and metatarsal bones were harvested. Bone lengths were measured after 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours of ex vivo incubation. Histology of bones was carried out, and GP lengths and chondrocyte densities were ***: There were significant differences in bone length among the age groups after 0 and 72 hours of incubation. Histological sectioning was possible in metatarsal bone from all age groups, and in tibia from 7-to 13-day-old rats. No significant differences in tibia and metatarsal GP lengths were seen among different age groups at 0 and 72 hours of incubation. Significant differences in chondrocyte densities along the epiphyseal GP of the bones between 0 and 72 hours of incubation were observed in most of the age ***: Ex vivo growth of tibia and metatarsal bones of rats aged 7-15 days old is possible, with percentage growth rates of 23.87 ± 0.80% and 40.38 ± 0.95%measured in tibia and metatarsal bone, respectively. Histological sectioning of bones was carried out without the need for decalcification in P7-P13 tibia and P7-P15 metatarsal bone. Increases in chondrocyte density along the GP influence overall bone elongation.

关键词： bone growth model chondrocytes endochondral ossification growth plate Sprague-Dawley rat

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Experimental Investigation on the Thermal Properties of Gypsum Plaster-Rice Husk Ash Composite

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Open Journal of Composite Materials 2022年第4期12卷 131-138页

作者： Nuhu Caleb Amulah abubakar mohammed El-Jummah Abba Alhaji Hammajam Usman Ibrahim Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Maiduguri Maiduguri Nigeria Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Nigerian Army University Biu Nigeria Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Ramat Polytechnic Maiduguri Nigeria

This experimental investigation aims at evaluating the thermal properties of rice husk ash (RHA)—filled gypsum plaster composite for potential applications, as insulating materials. The thermal conductivities of composites of gypsum plaster reinforced with RHA at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% volume fractions were determined experimentally using Lee’s disc method. The experimental results show that integrating RHA reduces the thermal conductivity of gypsum plaster and improves its insulation capacity. The results obtained from the experiments were compared with the Rule of Mixture Model, Maxwell Model, and Russell Model. It was observed that the thermal conductivities obtained from experiments and the theoretical models decreased with an increase in the volume fraction of RHA. The errors associated with the models with respect to experimental results are on the average of 28.7% for Mixture Rule, 31.6% for Russel Model, and 18.8% for the Maxwell Model. An agricultural waste like RHA can be beneficially used for the preparation of composites and, due to improved insulation capability, these composites can be used for applications such as insulation boards and sheathing, hardboard, ceilings of roofs, decorations, etc.

关键词： Rice Husk Ash Thermal Conductivity Gypsum Plaster Lee’s Disc Method Agricultural Waste

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Bacterial Blood Isolates in Children: Conventional vs. Bactec Automated Blood Culture System in a Tertiary Health Centre in Gombe, North East Nigeria

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2022年第3期12卷 101-116页

作者： Elon Warnow Isaac Iliya Jalo abubakar Joshua Difa Mercy Raymond Poksireni Oyeniyi Christianah Muhammad Saminu Charanci Ibrahim mohammed mohammed mohammed Manga Department of Paediatrics College of Medical Sciences Gombe State University and Federal Teaching Gombe Nigeria Infectious Disease Training and Research Group Gombe Nigeria Department of Community Medicine College of Medical Sciences Gombe State University and Federal Teaching Gombe Nigeria Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe Nigeria Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology College of Medical Sciences Gombe State University Gombe Nigeria

Background/Aim: Blood culture is critical in the diagnosis and treatment of blood stream infections (BSIs) especially in children. BSIs are among the most common cause of morbidity/mortality and blood culture has remained the gold standard for diagnosis. We sought to compare Blood Culture Isolates (BCI) from conventional and Bactec automated blood culture system (ABCS) among paediatric patients at the Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe (FTHG) Nigeria. Methods: BCI in children (0 - 18 years) by conventional method from 2008-2012 and Bactec Automated culture system from 2015-2020 were retrieved from the clinical microbiology laboratory register. Information analyzed included, age, sex, month, and year and blood culture isolates. Results: There were 5276 (56.9% males, 43.1% females) and 1169 (54% males, 46% females) Blood Culture Isolates by CM and ABCS respectively. Overall positive culture isolates were 9.7% (515/5276) in CM and 45.9% (536/1169) in ABCS (p = 0.01). Positivity rate in newborn was 13.3% (282/2114) by CM and 40.9% (219/263) by ABCS p = 0.01;under-5 was 10.5% (448/4253) vs. 37% (359/873) (p = 0.01);Gram positive 32.6% (172) vs. 65% (759) (p = 0.01;Gram negative 55% (2910) vs. 34% (397) (p = 0.01). Staph aureus 22% (114/515) by CM vs. 61.9% (332/536)) by ABCS (p = 0.01);Klebsiella 24.9% (128/515) by CM vs. 7.5% (40/536) p = 0.01) in ABCS, E. coli 8.9% (46/515) vs. 2.1% (11/536) p = 0.01;Proteus vs. 1.1% (6/515) by ABCS, Pseudomonas 3.3% (17/515) vs. 5.6% (30/536) p = 0.05, Alkaligenes 1% (5/515) vs. 8.2% (44/536) p = 0.01 and Citrobacter 1% (5/515) vs. 8.4% (45/536) p = 0.01. Conclusion: Blood culture yield was five times higher with Bactec compared with Conventional method.

关键词： Children Blood Culture Isolates Manual Automated

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Comparison of Contraceptive Methods Chosen by Breastfeeding, and Non-Breastfeeding, Women at a Family Planning Clinic in Northern Nigeria

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Health 2016年第3期8卷 191-197页

作者： A. mohammed-Durosinlorun A. abubakar J. Adze S. Bature C. mohammed M. Taingson A. Ojabo Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Faculty of Medicine Kaduna State University Kaduna Nigeria Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology College of Health Sciences Benue State University Makurdi Nigeria

Introduction: Breast feeding may pose a further challenge to uptake of contraception by possibly restricting use of certain methods for real or perceived risks of side effects. Methodology: A retrospective study was done at the Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna. Available family planning clinic client cards from January 1st, 2000 to March 31st, 2014 were retrieved and information collected on demographics, reproductive and menstrual history, contraceptive choices and breast feeding status. Data were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 15. Missing responses were stated and excluded from analysis. Chi square was used as a test of association with significance level established at p value, 0.05. Results: A total number of 5992 client cards were retrieved. All clients were female and married, and majority of clients aged between 25 - 34 years (53.1%), had either completed their secondary education or gone further (56%) and were Muslims (52.3%). Only 2924 women stated that they were currently breastfeeding (48.8%), 1828 women were not breastfeeding (30.5%) and 1240 women (20.7%) did not state their breastfeeding status. Younger and more educated women were more likely to be breastfeeding than older women and less educated ones (p < 0.05). Only 4636 cards (77%) had correctly filled data on the choice of contraceptives chosen by breastfeeding status with 2854 women breast feeding and 1302 (45.6%) chose injectable hormonal contraception, 888 (31.1%) chose intrauterine contraceptive devices, 484 (17%) chose oral contraceptive pills and 180 (6.3%) chose contraceptive implants. There was no record of condom use or use of permanent methods of contraception. Conclusion: Breastfeeding rates were high among women seeking contraception. The pattern of contraception is similar among both breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding women, with injectable contraception being the preferred choice. Awareness should be raised on the

关键词： Contraceptive Methods Breastfeeding Northern Nigeria

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Utilization of accident and emergency department at a semi-urban Nigerian hospital: a preliminary prospective study

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Journal of Acute Disease 2019年第3期8卷 106-112页

作者： Godpower Chinedu Michael Ayuba Andesati3,Bukar Alhaji Grema abubakar mohammed Musa Rafiyat Bolanle Abu Hamisu abubakar Haliru Ibrahim Emmanuel Edighotu Department of Family Medicine Aminu Kano Teaching HospitalKanoNigeria Department of Paediatrics Bayero University Kano/Aminu Kano Teaching HospitalKanoNigeria Accident and Emergency Department Federal Medical CentreBirnin KuduNigeria Department of Surgery Federal Medical CentreNguruNigeria Department of Nursing Federal Medical CentreBirnin KuduNigeria Department of Medicine Federal Medical CentreBirnin KuduNigeria Department of Surgery Federal Medical CentreBirnin KuduNigeria

Objective: To assess emergency department utilization at a semi-urban (resource-limited) Nigerian hospital. Methods: A systematic random sampling technique was adopted. A proforma was used to obtain general information such as age, gender, mode of transfer, time of presentation, symptom duration, diagnoses, treatment duration, treatment outcome (transfer to the ward, referral to another hospital, discharge or death) and date and time of discharge. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to determine the association of variables with mortality and predictors, respectively. Results: Patients were predominantly male (62.2%) with a mean age of (36.0±19.0) years. Most visits occurred in September (49.1%). The median symptom duration was 24 h (interquartile range: 4.0, 72.0 ). More incidences were caused by non-surgical (61.9%) than surgical reasons. Infectious diseases (predominantly malaria, 34.5%) and injuries from road traffic accidents (mostly head injuries, 9.4%) were the commonest non-surgical and surgical cause, respectively. The mortality rate was 9.2%. Typhoid-intestinal-perforation and sepsis contributed 45.2% of overall mortality. Age (x2=16.44, P<0.001), symptom duration (x2=22.57, P<0.001), and visiting month (Fishers exact, P=0.002) were associated with mortality. Moreover, age ( 37 years) (OR=4.60, 95%CI=1.96-10.82, P<0.001) and visiting in September/October (OR=4.01, 95%CI=1.47-10.93, P=0.007) were the predictors of mortality. Conclusions: Though most patients in emergency department survive, the mortality is still high. Appropriate hospital and community interventions should be implemented to reduce mortality.

关键词： Emergency department Utilization Typhoid intestinal perforation Resource-limited setting Nigeria

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Occurrence of Fluoride in the Groundwater of Kaltungo Area and Environs, North Eastern Nigeria

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2019年第8期7卷 167-179页

作者： Shehu Mukkafa Jackson Makpane Ishaku Ibrahim Abdulkarim Kwami Ahmed Buba Seli Usman Adamu abubakar Abdulwahab mohammed Bello Usman abubakar Musa Usman Bappa Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology Federal University Dutse Dutse Nigeria Department of Geology School of Physical Science Modibbo Adama University of Technology Yola Nigeria Geology Department Gombe State University Gombe Nigeria Departmentof Civil Engineering Adamawa State Polytechnic Yola Nigeria Departmentof Chemistry Gombe State University Gombe Nigeria

The aim of the study is to assess the occurrence of fluoride in the groundwater of Kaltungo area and environs. Consumption of high fluoride waters clearly manifests in the majority inhabitant of the area in form of dental fluorosis especially in the majority of the populace. Thirty groundwater samples were collected from hand-dug wells and boreholes using standard method and were analyzed to determine the fluoride level. The results revealed that the Fluoride in the waters ranges from 0.8 to 1.94 mg/l with a mean value of 1.65 mg/l. No clear variations in fluoride content have been observed in both the borehole samples and those from the hand-dug wells. Ca-Mg-HCO3 and Ca-Mg-Cl are the two major water types obtained in the area, which have a good association with fluoride. Negative correlation is observed between fluoride and temperature, fluoride and magnesium, fluoride and potassium and poor correlation is observed between fluoride and chloride, fluoride and nitrate, fluoride and phosphates which rules out the possibility of anthropogenic source of the fluoride in the waters. Positive correlation between fluoride and iron, indicates that the presence of fluoride in the water is as a result of dissolution of biotite within the host rock (Basalt).

关键词： Anthropogenic Correlation Fluoride Kaltungo

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Risk Assessment Framework of mHealth System Vulnerabilities: A Multilayer Analysis of the Patient Hub

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Communications and Network 2020年第2期12卷 41-60页

作者： mohammed Banu Ali Trevor Wood-Harper Abdullah Sultan Al-Qahtani abubakar Mohamed Ali Albakri Institute of Innovation Research Innovation Management and Policy Division University of Manchester Manchester UK UK Academic Consultations Ltd Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK Birmingham City School of Computing and Digital Technology Birmingham City University Birmingham UK

Although there have been remarkable technological developments in healthcare, the privacy and security of mobile health systems (mHealth) still raise many concerns with considerable consequences for patients using these technologies. For instance, potential security and privacy threats in wireless devices, such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connected to a patient hub at the application, middleware and sensory layers, may result in the disclosure of private and sensitive data. This paper explores the security and privacy of the patient hub, including patient applications and their connections to sensors and cloud technology. Addressing the privacy and security concerns of the patient hub called for a comprehensive risk assessment by using the OCTAVE risk assessment framework. Findings reveal that the highest risk concerned data exposure at the sensory layer. In spite of the countermeasures presented in this paper, most served as a means to identify risk early as opposed to mitigating them. The findings can serve to inform users of the potential vulnerabilities in the patient hub before they arise.

关键词： Confidentiality Integrity Vulnerability mHealth Internet of Things Risk Assessment OCTAVE

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Transitioning to Automated Microbiologic Era: Blood Culture Isolates in Children and Adults in Federal Teaching Hospital in Gombe, North East Nigeria 2016-2020

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2022年第4期12卷 184-203页

作者： Elon Warnow Isaac Iliya Jalo mohammed M. Manga abubakar Joshua Difa Mercy Raymond Poksireni Oyeniyi Christianah Ibrahim mohammed Muhammad Saminu Charanci Department of Paediatrics College of Medical Sciences Gombe State University Tudun Wada Gombe Nigeria Department of Medical Microbiology College of Medical Sciences Gombe State University Tudun Wada Gombe Nigeria Department of Community Medicine College of Medical Sciences Gombe State University Tudun Wada Gombe Nigeria Infectious Disease Training and Research Group Gombe Gombe Nigeria Microbiology Laboratory Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe Gombe Nigeria

Introduction: Automated blood culture systems for incubation and growth monitoring have become the standard in high-income countries (HICs), but are still relatively expensive and not universally available for implementation in most low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). We aimed to report blood culture isolates using Automated technique in children and adults admitted into the Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe from 2016 to 2020. Materials and Methods: Blood Culture Isolates in children (0 - 18 years) and adults (>19 yrs) by Bactec 9050 Automated culture system from 2016-2020 were retrieved from the medical and laboratory register. Information analyzed included, age, sex, month, and year and culture growth and reported antibiotic sensitivity. A Bactec Blood culture tests is $20 in this facility. In Nigeria, the minimum monthly wage is $70 (Official currency exchange rate is N423/US Dollar). Results: Of the 1713 blood cultures performed, children 0 - 18 years were 1322 (77.2%) and adult (19 years above) (22.8%). Overall positivity was 733 (42.2%) with males 385 (52.5%). Of the 1322 Blood cultures (BC) in children 615 (46.5%) were positive for isolates and adults 118 (30.2)%. Blood culture positivity decreased with increasing age with newborns 251 (34.5%) and adults > 65 years 18 (2.5%). Staphylococcus aureus constituted 61.3% of all isolates and was the leading isolates in all age groups;Alkaligenes (9.1%);Citrobacter 8.1%, Klebsiella 6.7%;Pseudomonas 6.1%;E. coli 2.7%;Enterococcus 2%;Proteus 1%. Of the Antimicrobial resistance priority isolates E. coli susceptibility ranged from 71% to Gentamycin and 100% to Cefixime;Klebsiella from 25% sensitivity to Amikacin to 78% each to chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin;Salmonella was 100% sensitive to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin and cefuroxime. Klebsiella was 100% sensitive to Cefoxitin;Proteus sensitivity ranged from 35% to ampicillin and 100% to ciprofloxacin and cefuroxime. Staph aureus sensitivity was 35% to cefoxitin,

关键词： Children Adults Blood Culture Isolates Bactec Sensitivity

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Trends in Bacterial Blood Culture Isolates and Resistance in Children in Two Microbiologic Eras from a Tertiary Health Facility in North East Nigeria

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2023年第2期13卷 159-182页

作者： Elon Warnow Isaac Iliya Jalo mohammed M. Manga abubakar Joshua Difa Mercy Raymond Poksireni Oyeniyi Christianah Ibrahim mohammed Muhammad Saminu Charanci Department of Paediatrics College of Medical Sciences Gombe State University Tudun Wada Nigeria Infectious Disease Training and Research Group Gombe (INDITREGO) Gombe Nigeria Department of Medical Microbiology College of Medical Sciences Gombe State University Tudun Wada Nigeria Department of Community Medicine College of Medical Sciences Gombe State University Tudun Wada Nigeria Microbiology Laboratory Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe Gombe Nigeria

Introduction: Antimicrobial Resistance surveillance is predicated on blood culture as a priority clinical specimen in especially resource limited settings. Establishing trends in blood stream infections and resistance patterns can inform institutional and national policy on antimicrobial stewardship, surveillance, infection prevention and control. Methodology: Blood Culture isolates in children (0 - 18 years) by conventional method from 2008-2012 and Bactec Automated culture system from 2015-2020 were retrieved. Information analyzed included age, sex, month, and year and culture growth/identity of microorganisms and their sensitivity/resistance patterns. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline for antibiotic susceptibility testing was used. Results: 20,540 children were admitted: 8964 (44.6%) and 11,630 (55.4%) in the Manual and Bactec blood culture era respectively. Blood cultures were done in 5271 in the manual culture era and 1077 in the Bactec culture era;of these cultures, 514 (9.7%) and 461 (42.8%) were positive for isolates in the respective era (p = 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences in trend between positive and negative blood cultures in males and females. Newborns, followed by children 1 - 5 years had more blood culture performed on them than other age categories. In general, there is no significant relationship in blood culture outcomes between the age categories and sex of the patients. The isolation of Staph aureus, Citrobacter and Alkaligenes increased two-fold with Bactec automated system. Resistance to the quinolones and the penicillin was high. Resistance trend to Genticin, an aminoglycoside was less than 40%. Resistance to Ceftazidime was high. Conclusion: Antimicrobial resistance surveillance is critical to reduce AMR related morbidity and mortality.

关键词： Trend Blood Culture Isolates Children Manual Bactec Resistance

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A Comparative Study of Ear Diseases in School Children from Lower versus Higher Socioeconomic Status

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2021年第2期10卷 107-118页

作者： Yohanna Mairiga Takwoingi mohammed Bello Fufore abubakar Umar Gabsari Emmanuel Musa Wuni Ari Thimnu Isah Abdullahi Department of ENT City Hospital Birmingham UK Department of ENT Federal Medical Centre Yola Nigeria Department of ENT University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital Maiduguri Nigeria

Background: Preventable otologic conditions have been found to be important health issues among paediatric age group. Poor socioeconomic status and inappropriate management services in developing countries lead to various complications despite the fact that most of these diseases are self-limiting. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of ear diseases in school children of high and low socioeconomic status in Yola, Nigeria. Methods: This study was conducted in March 2017 in two primary schools (private and public) in Yola among 6 - 8 years old pupils. Approval for the study was obtained from Federal Medical Centre, Yola and consent was obtained from the parents/guardians and the school authorities. Using a health questionnaire, a brief ENT history was obtained from children in years 1 and 2 of each school. Otoscopic examination, audiometry and tympanometry were then carried out. Data collected was analysed using SPSS version 20. Results: One hundred and three children were studied. The age range was 6 - 8 with mean age of 6.8 ± 0.9 and 53 (51.5%) boys. Fifty-two (50.5%) were from public school (low socio-economic class) and 51 (49.5%) from private (high social class). Wax was the most common ear condition encountered affecting 37 (35.9%) children, and the number was similar in both groups. Otitis media with effusion (OME) was encountered in seven children evenly split between the two groups showing a point incidence of 6.8%. There was hearing loss in 13 (12.6%) children, and this was also similar in the two groups. Conclusion: Wax impaction was the commonest otologic disease encountered. Our study also showed a point incidence of 6.8% for OME, but there was no statistical difference between the two groups, and neither was there any statistically significant difference between the two groups in any of the other diseases encountered.

关键词： Children Glue-Ear Hearing Loss Social Status Wax

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