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An Approach to Energy Saving and Cost of Energy Reduction Using an Improved Efficient Technology

Open Journal of Energy Efficiency 2015年第4期4卷 61-68页

作者： abubakar kabir aliyu Abba Lawan Bukar Jamilu Garba Ringim abubakar Musa Faculty of Electrical Engineering Centre of Electrical Energy System Johor Bahru Malaysia Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Maiduguri Maiduguri Nigeria Federal Airport Authority of Nigeria Katsina Nigeria Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria

The electricity consumption in commercial places like universities has tremendously increased recently. Modern and advanced energy efficient appliances are highly needed to substitute the conventional ones. Energy saving is of great important instead of its wastage, as utilizing the energy efficiently reduces the cost of energy. Energy consumption varies for commercial building due to several factors such as electrical appliance usage, electrical appliance type, management, etc. Due to the advancement in technology, there are new emergence appliances that are of high efficiency and have less energy consumption. A case study is conducted on selected five tutorial rooms, level 4 buildings in the Faculty of Electrical Engineering 19 A, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. The paper proposes new emergence equipments with high efficiency and less power consumption to replace the existing ones. A survey is conducted on the number of electrical appliances used for each of the tutorial rooms, time table for each tutorial room and the Tenaga Nasional Berhad pricing and tariff are taken into consideration in the analysis of the energy consumption and the cost of energy. This paper aims at reducing the amount of energy consumption by replacing the existing electrical equipments with high efficient electrical equipments;it also tends to reduce the cost of energy paid to the utility. By observing the results, it shows that the proposed efficient electrical equipments are more efficient, less power consumption and less cost compared to the existing electrical equipments.

关键词： Energy Efficiency Payback Period Energy Saving Energy Auditing Energy Efficiency Measures

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Predictive modelling of volumetric and Marshall properties of asphalt mixtures modified with waste tire-derived char:A statistical neural

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Journal of Road Engineering 2024年第3期4卷 318-333页

作者： Nura Shehu aliyu Yaro Muslich Hartadi Sutanto Noor Zainab Habib aliyu Usman Abiola Adebanjo Surajo abubakar Wada Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Universiti Teknologi PETRONASSeri Iskandar 32610Malaysia Department of Civil Engineering Ahmadu Bello UniversityZaria 810107Nigeria Institute of Infrastructure and Environment Heriot-Watt UniversityDubai 294345United Arab Emirates School of Civil Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410075China Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membranes and Water Security King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsDhahran 31261Saudi Arabia

The goals of this study are to assess the viability of waste tire-derived char(WTDC)as a sustainable,low-cost fine aggregate surrogate material for asphalt mixtures and to develop the statistically coupled neural network(SCNN)model for predicting volumetric and Marshall properties of asphalt mixtures modified with *** study is based on experimental data acquired from laboratory volumetric and Marshall properties testing on WTDCmodified asphalt mixtures(WTDC-MAM).The input variables comprised waste tire char content and asphalt binder *** output variables comprised mixture unit weight,total voids,voids filled with asphalt,Marshall stability,and *** coupled neural networks were utilized to predict the volumetric and Marshall properties of asphalt *** predictive modeling,the SCNN model is employed,incorporating a three-layer neural network and preprocessing techniques to enhance accuracy and *** optimal network architecture,using the collected dataset,was a 2:6:5 structure,and the neural network was trained with 60%of the data,whereas the other 20%was used for cross-validation and testing *** network employed a hyperbolic tangent(tanh)activation function and a feed-forward *** to the results,the network model could accurately predict the volumetric and Marshall *** predicted accuracy of SCNN was found to be as high value>98%and low prediction errors for both volumetric and Marshall *** study demonstrates WTDC's potential as a low-cost,sustainable aggregate *** SCNN-based predictive model proves its efficiency and versatility and promotes sustainable practices.

关键词： Waste tire Neural network Sustainable practices Asphalt mixtures Predictive model

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Sex Sent Me to the ER: Case Series on Postcoital Laceration

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2024年第8期13卷 269-274页

作者： Zubaida abubakar-aliyu Peter Thabet Eziaha Ogbuagu Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Homerton Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust London England

Background: Sexual intercourse may be associated with serious complications and morbidities which may not be commonly experienced in clinical practice. One such complication is severe vaginal bleeding. Aim: To report a case series of postcoital vaginal lacerations in three women of various age groups with no prior surgical history who complained of acute onset, severe vaginal pain and bleeding after consensual intercourse. Case presentation: This case series describes the clinical features and management of women who required an examination under anaesthesia and surgical repair of vaginal injuries following consensual intercourse. The Post-operative recovery period was uneventful. Conclusion: A postcoital laceration is a rare emergency that may be complicated by excessive blood loss, which is increased if there is a delay in seeking care and or diagnosis. Prompt treatment should be instituted in such cases to minimise complications.

关键词： Coitus Vaginal Laceration Haemorrhage

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Predictive modelling of volumetric and Marshall properties of asphalt mixtures modified with waste tire-derived char: A statistical neural network approach

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Journal of Road Engineering 2024年第03期 318-333页

作者： Nura Shehu aliyu Yaro Muslich Hartadi Sutanto Noor Zainab Habib aliyu Usman Abiola Adebanjo Surajo abubakar Wada Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Department of Civil Engineering Ahmadu Bello University Institute of Infrastructure and Environment Heriot-Watt University School of Civil Engineering Central South University Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membranes and Water Security King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals

The goals of this study are to assess the viability of waste tire-derived char(WTDC) as a sustainable, low-cost fine aggregate surrogate material for asphalt mixtures and to develop the statistically coupled neural network(SCNN)model for predicting volumetric and Marshall properties of asphalt mixtures modified with WTDC. The study is based on experimental data acquired from laboratory volumetric and Marshall properties testing on WTDC-modified asphalt mixtures(WTDC-MAM). The input variables comprised waste tire char content and asphalt binder content. The output variables comprised mixture unit weight, total voids, voids filled with asphalt,Marshall stability, and flow. Statistical coupled neural networks were utilized to predict the volumetric and Marshall properties of asphalt mixtures. For predictive modeling, the SCNN model is employed, incorporating a three-layer neural network and preprocessing techniques to enhance accuracy and reliability. The optimal network architecture, using the collected dataset, was a 2:6:5 structure, and the neural network was trained with 60% of the data, whereas the other 20% was used for cross-validation and testing respectively. The network employed a hyperbolic tangent(tanh) activation function and a feed-forward backpropagation. According to the results, the network model could accurately predict the volumetric and Marshall properties. The predicted accuracy of SCNN was found to be as high value >98% and low prediction errors for both volumetric and Marshall properties. This study demonstrates WTDC's potential as a low-cost, sustainable aggregate replacement. The SCNN-based predictive model proves its efficiency and versatility and promotes sustainable practices.

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Risk Factors for Lower Extremity Amputation among Diabetic Patients with Diabetic Foot Gangrene in ATBUTH, Bauchi

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第9期14卷 391-403页

作者： Stephen Yusuf Shaphat Shuaibu Ibrahim abubakar Musa Yusuf aliyu Salihu Friday Titus Nyako Ngwan David Wujika Department of Orthoepaedics and Trauma Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital Bauchi Nigeria Radiology Department Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital Bauchi Nigeria Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery University of Maiduguri Maiduguri Nigeria Department of Surgery Modibbo-Adama University Teaching Hospital Yola Nigeria

Background : Diabetic mellitus was described as an evolving global epidemic of the twenty-first century, due to the exponential rise in the number of people with the condition. Lower extremity amputation is one of the common complications of diabetes. With increase in the number of people with diabetes there will also be increase in the number of diabetics going for lower extremity amputation, increasing both the financial as well as psychologic burden of treatment. Methodology : A prospective cross-sectional study of all diabetic patients going for lower extremity amputation will be done. All the patients with advanced diabetic foot syndrome needing lower extremity amputation are enrolled (Wagener stage IV and V), both through the clinic and emergency center. Informed consent is obtained from the patient after which data are collected using a structured questionnaire. All the investigation results of the patients were also documented. Data collected are analyzed using the SPSS version 29. Chi-square and student t-test were used to measure significant relationship between the variables at 95% confident interval. Results : Within the period of study, which extends from 1 st January 2022 to 1 st of January 2024, a total of 171 patients were recruited. All diabetic patients with diabetic foot Wagener grade IV and V who presented to the clinic or emergency department were enrolled in the study. We found a significant relationship between gender, previous procedure on the affected limb or amputation of the contralateral limb, knowledge of foot care among diabetics and risk of amputation. There was, however, no statistically significant relationship between. There is no statistically significance relationship between the level of education, occupation, presence of co-morbidity with the risk of amputation among diabetic patients with foot syndrome. Conclusion : Previous lower limb procedure/amputation, male gender, paucity of knowledge on foot care, prolonged duration of t

关键词： Diabetes Mellitus Lower Limb Amputation Risk Factors Rehabilitation

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Clinical Versus Doppler Based Assessment in Determining Amputation Level in Diabetic Foot Gangrene;A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study at Atbuth, Bauchi

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第8期14卷 366-373页

作者： Shaphat Shuaibu Ibrahim Stephen Yusuf abubakar Musa Shirama Yakubu Bababa Yusuf aliyu Salihu Makama Baje Salihu Bukar Shehu Department of Orthoepaedics and Trauma Abubakar Tafawa-Balewa University Teaching Hospital Bauchi Nigeria Department of Radiology Abubakar Tafawa-Balewa University Teaching Hospital Bauchi Nigeria Department of Surgery Abubakar Tafawa-Balewa University Teaching Hospital Bauchi Nigeria

Background: Amputation is defined as the surgical removal of a limb or part of a limb through the bone. If the amputation is done above or below the knee, they are termed major while minor amputations involve the partial removal of foot including forefoot resections, ray amputation of the digits or parts of the digits. Significant number of patients with diabetic foot ulcers end with amputations. In the past the amputation level was decided by clinical assessment alone, such as physical examination using color, temperature, peripheral pulses and wound bleeding during surgical procedure. The use of Doppler ultrasound to measure arterial blood pressure at the proposed amputation site has been advocated as a predictor of amputation success. An optimal choice of the level of amputation can reduce amputation complications. Methodology: A Prospective comparative randomized cross-sectional study carried out between 1st January 2022 and 1st January 2024 in ATBUTH, Bauchi amongst patients with diabetic foot Wagener stage IV and V scheduled for amputation. Outcome measures of wound break down, flap necrosis and re-amputation were assessed amongst the clinical based level assessment group and the doppler based level assessment group. Results: A total of 171 patients were recruited into the study. Males 103 and 68 are females, giving a male to female ratio of 1.5:1. mean age 47 years. There were 84 patients in the clinical based level assessment group and 87 patients in the doppler based level assessment. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus foot disease is a significant risk factor for non-traumatic lower limb amputation and doppler level assessment is superior to clinical level in determining amputation level among diabetic patients scheduled for amputation. P-value 0.003.

关键词： Diabetics Amputation Foot Gangrene Doppler Clinical

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Estimation of the case fatality rate of COVID-19 epidemiological data in Nigeria using statistical regression analysis

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Biosafety and Health 2021年第1期3卷 4-7页

作者： Ahmad abubakar Suleiman Aminu Suleiman Usman aliyu Abdullahi Suleiman abubakar Suleiman Department of Statistics Faculty of Computing and Mathematical SciencesKano University of Science and TechnologyWudil 713281Nigeria Department of Hydrology Kano State Ministry of Water ResourcesGidan Murtala 700221Kano StateNigeria

Following the emergence of COVID-19 outbreak,numbers of studies have been conducted to curtail the global spread of the virus by identifying epidemiological changes of the disease through developing statistical models,estimation of the basic reproduction number,displaying the daily reports of confirmed and deaths cases,which are closely related to the present *** and comprehensive estimation method of the epidemiological data is required to understand the actual situation of fatalities caused by the *** fatality rate(CFR)is one of the cardinal epidemiological parameters that adequately explains epidemiology of the outbreak of a *** the present study,we employed two statistical regression models such as the linear and polynomial models in order to estimate the CFR,based on the early phase of COVID-19 outbreak in Nigeria(44 days since first reported COVID-19 death).The estimate of the CFR was determined based on cumulative number of confirmed cases and deaths reported from 23 March to 30 April,*** results from the linear model estimated that the CFR was 3.11%(95%CI:2.59%-3.80%)with R2 value of 90%and p-value of<*** findings from the polynomial model suggest that the CFR associated with the Nigerian outbreak is 3.0%and may range from 2.23%to 3.42%with R2 value of 93%and p-value of<***,the polynomial regression model with the higher R2 value fits the dataset well and provides better estimate of CFR for the reported COVID-19 cases in Nigeria.

关键词： Coronavirus COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Case fatality rate(CFR) Epidemiology Regression analysis

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Sacrificial Anode Stability and Polarization Potential Variation in a Ternary Al-xZn-xMg Alloy in a Seawater-Marine Environment

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Journal of Marine Science and Application 2016年第2期15卷 208-213页

作者： abubakar Muazu Yaro Shehu aliyu Malik Abdulwahab Abimbola Patricia Idowu Popoola Department of Mechanical Engineering Bayero University Kano P.M.B 3011 Nigeria Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Ahmadu Bello University Zaria PM.B 1045 Nigeria Department of Chemical Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria X680 South Africa Department of Mechanical Engineering Ahmadu Bello University Zaria P.M.B 1045 Nigeria

In this paper, the effects of zinc （Zn） and magnesium （Mg） addition on the performance of an aluminum-based sacrificial anode in seawater were investigated using a potential measurement method. Anodic efficiency, protection efficiency, and polarized potential were the parameters used. The percentages of Zn and Mg in the anodes were varied from 2% to 8% Zn and 1% to 4% Mg. The alloys produced were tested as sacrificial anodes for the protection of mild steel in seawater at room temperature. Current efficiency as high as 88.36% was obtained in alloys containing 6% Zn and 1% Mg. The polarization potentials obtained for the coupled （steel/Al-based alloys） are as given in the Pourbaix diagrams, with steel lying within the immunity region/cathodic region and the sacrificial anodes within the anodic region. The protection offered by the sacrificial anodes to the steel after the 7th and 8th week was measured and protection efficiency values as high as 99.66% and 99.47% were achieved for the A1-6%Zn-l%Mg cast anode. The microstructures of the cast anodes comprise of intermetallic structures of hexagonal Mg3Zn2 and body-centered cubic A12Mg3Zn3. These are probably responsible for the breakdown of the passive alumina film, thus enhancing the anode efficiency.

关键词： sacrificial anode anode efficiency protection efficiency polarization potential intermetallic phase alloying elements theoretical current capacity flee electron seawater surface films

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Preparation, Characterization and Antimicrobial Studies of Mn(II) and Fe(II) Complexes with Schiff Base Ligand Derived from 2-aminophenol and 3-formyl-2-hydroxy-6-methoxyquinoline

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Open Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2020年第2期10卷 15-24页

作者： abubakar Muhammad Jabbi Habu Nuhu aliyu Sulaiman Isyaku Abdullahi Muhammad kabir Department of Chemistry Federal Science and Technical College Dayi Katsina Nigeria Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry Bayero University Kano Kano Nigeria Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria

Schiff base derived from 2-aminophenol and 3-formyl-2-hydroxy-6-methoxyquinoline and its Mn(II) and Fe(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized by melting point and decomposition temperature, elemental analysis, molar conductivity, infrared (IR) spectral analysis, atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) analysis, solubility test, and magnetic susceptibility. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectral data of the Schiff base determined showed a band at 1622 cm−1 and this was assigned to the v (C=N), which is a feature of azomethine group. The same band was observed to shift to lower frequencies 1577 and 1599 cm−1 in the complexes suggesting coordination of the Schiff base with the respective metal(II) ions. Molar conductance values 14.58 and 12.65 Ω−1∙cm2∙m

关键词： Metal(II) Complexes Schiff Base Antibacterial and Antifungal Studies

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Saponins-rich fraction of Calotropis procera leaves elicit no antitrypanosomal activityin a rat model

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2013年第7期3卷 569-572页

作者： Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim abubakar Babando aliyu Kayode Meduteni Isa Yunusa Departments of 1Biochemistry Zaria Nigeria Departments of Chemistry Ahmadu Bello UniversityZaria Nigeria Department of Biochemistry Kano University of Science and TechnologyWudil Nigeria

Objective:To examine thein vitroandin vivoanti-Trypanosoma evansi(***)activity ofsaponins-rich fraction ofCalotropis procera(cpsf)leaves as well as the effect of the fraction onthe parasite-induced ***:A 60-minutes time course experiment was conductedwith various concentrations of the fraction using a 96-well microtiter plate technique,andsubsequently used to treat *** rats at 100 and 200 mg/kg *** of anemia was analyzed in all animals during the ***:The cpsfdid not demonstrate anin vitroantitrypanosomal ***,the cpsf treatments did notsignificantly(P>0.05)keep the parasites lower than the infected untreated *** the end ofthe experiment,*** rats developed anemia whose severity was not significantly(P>0.05)ameliorated by the cpsf ***:It was concluded that saponins derivedfromCalotropis proceraleaves could not elicitin vitroandin vivoactivities ***.

关键词： Anemia Asclepiadaceae Calotropis procera saponins Trypanosoma evansi

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