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Knowledge of Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) among Medical Students in a Tertiary Hospital in Jos North Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 162-175页

作者： Prosper Iheanacho Okonkwo Kingsley Chinedu Okafor Bitrus Salome Kwaghal Bolarinwa Boluwatito Joel haruna Garba Department of Community Medicine & PHC Bingham University Karu Nigeria

Background: Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) remain a common cause of death, functional disability, emotional suffering and economic burden among hospitalized patients. Knowledge of HAIs is important in its prevention and control. This study seeks to assess the knowledge of Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) among medical students in a Tertiary Hospital in Jos North Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study done in October 2019 among clinical medical students using a Multistage sampling technique. Data was collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire and analyzed using the IBM SPSS 20 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). Ethical approval was granted by Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Ethics Committee, Jos, Plateau State. results: A total of 219 students in the clinical arm of the College of Medicine and Health Sciences were selected. A higher proportion (97.7%) of respondents knew about Hospital Acquired Infections and 85.4% knew that Hospital Acquired infections occur in the hospital, and (86.3%) considered patients contagious with half (58.9%) considered patients as the most important source of HAIs, followed by care givers (13.2%), then doctors including medical students and interns (10.0%) and lastly nurses (8.7%). The majority of respondents (70.8%) considered Surgical Wound Infections to be the most commonly occurring HAI, followed by UTIs (69.9%), rTIs (61.2%), BSIs (37.0%) and others (0.9%). The clinical thermometer was the instrument that most commonly transmits HAIs (82.6%), then followed by stethoscope (62.1%), white coats (53.9%), and blood pressure cuff (51.1%). Most respondents knew the infectious substances, like blood (96.3%), nasal discharge (82.6%), saliva (85.3%), and faeces (79.4%) transmitted HAIs, 72.6% of the respondents said that they were aware of the recommended hand washing techniques by WHO. Conclusion: The majority of students 91.3% had good kn

关键词： Knowledge Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs) Nosocomial Infections Medical Students

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Fournier’s Gangrene: A review of Fournier’s Gangrene Severity Index (FGSI) and Other Predictors of Mortality

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Open Journal of Urology 2024年第7期14卷 391-399页

作者： Makama Baje Salihu haruna Liman Stephen Yusuf Aminu Umar Abraham Tunde Oladimeji Aremu Abdulrazak Urology Unit Department of Surgery Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital Bauchi Nigeria

Background: Fournier gangrene is an acute and rapidly progressive necrotizing fasciitis of the scrotum, perianal and perineal region of the body. It is a polymicrobial infection having an interplay of both anaerobic and aerobic orgasms in a soup of microbial disaster. Fournier’s gangrene was also initially thought to be an idiopathic condition but a lot of risk factors have been associated now with this condition, both systemic risk factors and local. Systemic risk factors include diabetes mellitus, HIV/AIDS, cancers, chronic liver disease, chronic steroid use etc. The local risk factors include perineal injuries, watering can perineum, perianal abscess, chronic perineal itching etc. Purpose: The swiftly flourishing bacteria orgasms cause a similar disruptive event in the body of the patients both clinically and biochemically and these can be used to create a predictive score or index for patients in order to assess the disease severity and guide in the management and prognostication of this condition. Materials and Method: Urology ward record books, clinic record books and operating theater records were used to identify patients managed for Fournier gangrene in ATBUTH Bauchi. A retrospective study of the medical files of all the patients managed from January 2011 to January 2024 was done. Folders were retrieved and the medical records were reviewed. results: Of the 50 patients reviewed, Male to female ratio is 24:1. The mean age is 56 years (2 weeks to 97 years). Mortality rate was 34%. There is a significant difference between delayed presentation/initial use of unorthodox treatment with mortality (p = 0.002). Of the 17 patients that died, 15 had FGSI > 9 and of the 33 patients that survived 29 had FGSI 9 is 88.2% while the mortality rate for those with FGSI Conclusion: knowledge of the predictors of its mortality is necessary in other to help stratify patients and ensure the best response by the caregivers. FGSI, delayed presentation/initial patronage of unorthod

关键词： Fournier’s Gangrene FGSI risk Factors Mortality

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Fournier’s Gangrene: 13-Year Experience in a Tertiary Center, North Eastern Nigeria

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Open Journal of Urology 2024年第7期14卷 407-414页

作者： Makama Baje Salihu haruna Liman Stephen Yusuf Aminu Umar Oladimeji Abraham Tunde Ayodele Olufikayo Oshagbemi Amur Ibrahim Urology Unit Department of Surgery Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital Bauchi Nigeria

Background: Fournier’s gangrene is a fulminant infection of the genitourinary tract characterized by progressive necrosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the external genitalia. Initially mainly seen involving the scrotum of elderly men with different moods of occurrence each unpleasantly lethal. With varying types of presentation only one thing has remained constant;the poor prognosis of this condition. Purpose/Aim: Thus, it’s important to study the trends of the presentation of this condition laying emphasis on the challenges in the management of these patients;both the negative and positive prognostic factors. Materials and Methods: Urology ward record books, clinic record books and operating theater records were used to identify patients managed for Fournier gangrene in ATBUTH Bauchi. A retrospective study of the medical files of all the patients managed from January 2011 to January 2024 was done. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 29. results: Data from 47 patients seen during the period of study were carefully collected and analyzed. The age range is 2 weeks to 97 years. There were two neonates, one at 2nd week of life and the other at 3rd week. Mortality rate is 36%. The average time duration before presentation for patients that died was two weeks, a minimum of 9 days prior to presentation and a maximum of 21 days, about 10 of which came in septic shock and the remaining presented with fever and very extensive necrotizing fasciitis of the perineum. All the patients that died had diabetes mellitus as a comorbidity except the neonate. All the patients that survived were much younger, all were below 60 years of age (2 weeks - 53 years). Conclusion: Here, we share our experience managing patients with Fournier’s gangrene in our facility in the past 13-year period from January 2011 to January 2024. .

关键词： Fournier’s Gangrene Prognosis Elderly Presentation Treatment

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Simultaneous Optimization of Power Factor and Thermal Conductivity towards High-Performance InSb-Based Thermoelectric Materials

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Chinese Physics Letters 2021年第9期38卷 80-84页

作者： Wang Li Tian Xu Zheng Ma abubak.r-yakubu haruna Qing-Hui Jiang Yu-Bo Luo Jun-You Yang State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die&Mould Technology Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China

Thermoelectric performance of InSb is restricted by its low Seebeck coefficient and high thermal ***,CuCl is employed to optimize simultaneously the electrical and thermal transport properties of *** substitution of Cl for Sb results in enhanced electron effective mass,leading to high Seebeck coefficient of-159.9 μV/K and high power factor of 31.5 μW·cm^(-1)·K^(-2) at 733 K for InSb+5 wt% CuCl *** addition,CuCl doping creates hierarchical architectures composed of CugIn4,Sb,Cu2Sb in InSb,leading to a strengthened phonon scattering in a wide wavelength(i.e.,nano to meso scale),thus a low lattice thermal conductivity of 2.97 W·m^(-1)· K^(-1) at 733 K in InSb+5 wt% *** a result,a maximum ZT of 0.77 at 733 K has been achieved for the InSb+5 wt% CuCl sample,increasing by ~250% compared to pristine InSb.

关键词： InSb scattering Seebeck

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Air Quality Assessment of Ubeji Community near Petroleum-related Activities

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Open Journal of Air Pollution 2024年第2期13卷 57-71页

作者： Adedoyin Olubunmi Bankole Akinyemi Olufemi Ogunkeyede Oluwafunmilayo Mary haruna Harrison Agboro Prince Alex Ekhorutomwen Osasenaga Israel Otuomagie Christabel Ifuwe Efe Jeffery Isukuru Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology College of Science Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun Delta State Nigeria Department of Biology and Environmental Science College of Arts and Sciences University of New Haven West Haven USA Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics Faculty of Environmental Science Dennis Osadebay University Asaba Asaba Nigeria

The escalating global concern over air pollution requires rigorous investigations. This study assesses air quality near residential areas affected by petroleum-related activities in Ubeji Community, utilizing Aeroqual handheld mobile multi-gas monitors and air quality multi-meters. Air sampling occurred on three distinct days using multi-gas monitors and meters, covering parameters such as CO, NO2, CH4, NH3, VOCs, Particulate Matter, Temperature, relative Humidity, and Air Quality Index. Soil and plant samples were collected and analyzed for physicochemical and organic components. Air pollutant concentrations showed significant fluctuations. Carbon monoxide (CO) ranged from 0.00 to 3.22 ppm, NO2 from 0.00 to 0.10 ppm, CH4 from 4.00 to 2083 ppm, NH3 from 371 to 5086 ppm, and VOCs from 414 to 6135 ppm. Soil analysis revealed low total nitrogen, and undetected BTEX levels. Plant samples displayed a pH range of 7.72 to 9.45. CO concentrations, although below WHO limits, indicated potential vehicular and industrial influences. Fluctuations in NO2 and CH4 were linked to traffic, industrial activities, and gas flaring. NH3 levels suggested diverse pollution sources. The result in this study highlights the dynamic nature of air pollution in Ubeji community, emphasizing the urgent need for effective pollution control measures. Although CO concentrations were within limits, continuous monitoring is essential. Elevated NO2 levels gave information on the impact of industrial activities, while high CH4 concentrations may be associated with gas flaring and illegal refining. The study recommends comprehensive measures and collaborative efforts to address these complex issues, safeguarding both the environment and public health. This study shows the potential synergy between air quality sensors and plants for holistic environmental health assessments, offering valuable insights for environmental assessments and remediation endeavours. The findings call for stringent regulations and

关键词： Air Quality Assessment Bioindicators Ubeji Community Pollution Assessment

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Catatonia: Cavum Septum Pellucidum and Vergae, a Cause or a Coincidence?

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2023年第4期13卷 221-228页

作者： Mustapha Gudaji Zaharaddeen Garba Habib haruna yakubu Department of Psychiatry Faculty of Clinical Sciences College of Health Sciences Bayero University Kano/Aminu Kano Teaching Kano Nigeria

Background: Many studies in the 20th century have reported an association between Schizophrenia and Catatonia. Structural brain abnormalities have also been found in many psychotic illnesses, including schizophrenia and there are findings of association of large ventricles with chronic and deteriorating psychosis. It is possible that a large ventricular system may increase the likelihood of catatonia with a chronic course. Cavum Septum Pellucidum (CSP) and Cavum Vergae (CV) are structural abnormalities that have been associated with Schizophrenia. This is a case report of the presence of persistent CSP and CV in a patient diagnosed with schizophrenia with catatonia. Conclusion: Although there are several reports of the findings of a persistent large CSP and CV in patients with Schizophrenia, it is questionable whether the CSP and CV are the cause of the Catatonia or their occurrence is a mere coincidence.

关键词： Schizophrenia Cavum Septum Pellucidum Cavum Vergae Catatonia

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Swelling ability and behaviour of bentonite-based materials for deep repository engineered barrier systems:Influence of physical,chemical and thermal factors

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Journal of rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2022年第3期14卷 689-702页

作者： Mohammed Alzamel Mamadou Fall Sada haruna Department of Civil Engineering University of OttawaOttawaOntarioK1N 6N5Canada

Compacted bentonite-sand(B/S)mixtures have been used as a barrier material in engineered barrier systems(EBSs)of deep geological repositories(DGr)to store nuclear *** study investigates the individual and combined effects of different chemical compositions of deep groundwaters(chemical factor)at potential repository sites in Canada(the Trenton and Guelph regions in Ontario),heat generated in DGrs(thermal factor),dry densities and mass ratios of bentonite and sand mixtures(physical factors)on the swelling behavior and ability of bentonite-based *** this study,swelling tests are conducted on B/S mixtures with different B/S mix ratios(20/80 to 70/30),compacted at different dry densities(ρd=1.6-2 g/cm^(3)),saturated with different types of water(distilled water and simulated deep groundwater of Trenton and Guelph)and exposed to different temperatures(20℃-80℃).Moreover,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analyses,mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP)tests and X-ray diffractometry(XrD)analyses are carried out to evaluate the morphological,microstructural and mineralogical characteristics of the B/S *** test results indicate that the swelling potential of the B/S mixtures is significantly affected by these physical and chemical factors as well as the combined effects of the chemical and thermal factors.A significant decrease in the swelling capacity is observed when the B/S materials are exposed to the aforementioned groundwaters.A large decrease in the swelling capacity is observed for higher bentonite content in the ***,higher temperatures intensify the chemically-induced reduction of the swelling capacity of the B/S barrier *** decrease in the swelling capacity is caused by the chemical and/or microstructural changes of the *** results from this research will help engineers to design and build EBSs for DGrs with similar groundwater and thermal conditions.

关键词： Deep geological repository Engineered barrier Bentonite-sand materials Nuclear waste Swelling capacity Swelling strain

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re-emergence of Ebola virus disease in Uganda:Should Southeast Asia countries be worried?

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Journal of Safety Science and resilience 2023年第3期4卷 262-264页

作者： haruna Muhammad Daiyab Farouq Muhammad Dayyab Department of Medicine Murtala Mohammed Specialist HospitalKanoNigeria Cardiac Intensive Care Unit Mohammed Bin KhalifaBin Salman Al Khalifa Cardiac CenterAwaliBahrain

An outbreak of Ebola virus disease(EVD)(Sudan virus)was first reported in the republic of Uganda on September 20,*** of November 17,2022,151 confirmed cases have been reported,including 55 deaths(with a case fatality rate among confirmed cases of 39%).During the EVD outbreak in 2013–2016,international travel played a significant role in the spread of the disease across national *** that time,several tasks requiring improvement were identified in the World Health Organization(WHO)Southeast Asia region(SEAr),including inadequate risk communication and risk assessment,data management gaps for surveillance purposes,inadequate capacity in molecular diagnostic techniques,lack of adequate planning for a surge of cases,and inadequate isolation *** is therefore recommended that all countries of the WHO SEAr revisit their level of Ebola preparedness and address existing *** emergence and rapid global spread of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)have reiterated that the world has become a global *** was confirmed by the spread of the monkeypox virus with cases reported in the WHO ***,given the weak health infrastructure in the region,complacency could wreak havoc on the healthcare system if another epidemic emerges without an adequate level of preparedness.

关键词： Ebola Uganda Southeast Asia Outbreak

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Brief review on climate change and tropical peatlands

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第2期10卷 373-380页

作者： Lee Yit Leng Osumanu haruna Ahmed Mohamadu Boyie Jalloh Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology Faculty of Engineering TechnologyUniversiti Malaysia PerlisKampus Uniciti Alam Department of Crop Science Faculty of Agriculture and Food SciencesUniversiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus Agriculture and Environment Borneo Eco-Science Research CenterFaculty of Agriculture and Food SciencesUniversiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security Universiti Putra Malaysia Crop Production Programme Faculty of Sustainable AgricultureUniversiti Malaysia Sabah Sustainable Palm Oil research Unit (SPOr) Faculty of Sustainable AgricultureUniversiti Malaysia Sabah

In 2008, the very extensive tropical peats were estimated to be about 182 million ha spanning South America, Asia and Africa. About 20.3%(36.9 million ha) of this area exist in Asia. Peats are classified based on their degree of decomposition, namely Fibrists, Hemists, Saprists and Folists. This makes them different in characteristics. The activities of microorganisms vary in different types of peat due to, for example, the sapric layer of well humified peat can provide water and food to microorganisms during heat stress. In another scenario, deeper peat is older and typically has lower levels of labile carbon to provide substrate for microbes compared to surface peat. A complete understanding of the microbial communities in different layers of peat is essential as microorganisms play major roles in peat decomposition and are important to ecosystem processes. These peats are a very important global carbon(C)store or reserve and could severely impact climate change if not managed well. Peatlands can store as much as 40 to 90 Gt C. Mis-management of peats could severely impact the environment particularly the emission of carbon into the atmosphere. For instance, clearing of peatlands using fire has been reported to release an estimated 88 t C ha^(-1) to the atmosphere. There are several factors which influence the environmental consequences of tropical peat especially in relation to climate change. The main influences are:(i) changes in temperature,(ii) changes in precipitation or rainfall,(iii) changes in atmospheric composition, and(iv) fire and haze. This paper is a brief review on these four influences in relation to climate change. It is apparent from the brief review that there is a need for continued short and long-term research to better understand tropical peats and how they affect our climate. This will hopefully provide the basis for predicting better what could happen under various scenarios.

关键词： Tropical peats Climate change Carbon Methane Decomposition Microorganisms

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A Deep Learning Approach to Mesh Segmentation

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2023年第5期135卷 1745-1763页

作者： abubak.r Sulaiman Gezawa Qicong Wang haruna Chiroma Yunqi Lei Department of Computer Science School of InformaticsXiamen UniversityXiamen361005China Shenzen research Institute Xiamen UniversityShenzen518000China College of Computer Science and Engineering University of Hafr Al BatinHafr Albatin39524Saudi Arabia

In the shape analysis community,decomposing a 3D shape intomeaningful parts has become a topic of interest.3D model segmentation is largely used in tasks such as shape deformation,shape partial matching,skeleton extraction,shape correspondence,shape annotation and texture *** approaches have attempted to provide better segmentation solutions;however,the majority of the previous techniques used handcrafted features,which are usually focused on a particular attribute of 3Dobjects and so are difficult to *** this paper,we propose a three-stage approach for using Multi-view recurrent neural network to automatically segment a 3D shape into visually meaningful *** first stage involves normalizing and scaling a 3D model to fit within the unit sphere and rendering the object into different *** viewpoints,on the other hand,might not have been associated,and a 3D region could correlate into totally distinct outcomes depending on the *** address this,we ran each view through(shared weights)CNN and Bolster block in order to create a probability boundary *** Bolster block simulates the area relationships between different views,which helps to improve and refine the *** stage two,the feature maps generated in the previous step are correlated using a recurrent Neural network to obtain compatible fine detail responses for each ***,a layer that is fully connected is used to return coherent edges,which are then back project to 3D objects to produce the final *** on the Princeton Segmentation Benchmark dataset show that our proposed method is effective for mesh segmentation tasks.

关键词： Deep learning mesh segmentation 3D shape shape features

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