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A four-band index for both liquid and solid water and its applications in the Aral Sea Basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第3期67卷 769-788页

作者： Bing.YUE Xi CHEN Saibo LI Zheng.ing.DU John wilson Junhui YANg.Yimen JIAO Shuang.an HUANg.Cheng.u ZHOU Xinjiang.Institute of Ecolog. and g.og.aphy Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China Colleg. of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of g.og.aphical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Spatial Sciences Institute University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089-0374USA

Various investig.tions have been conducted to analyze the water-coverag. area of the Aral Sea and the Aral Sea Basin(ASB). However, the investig.tions incorporated considerable uncertainty and the used water indices had misclassification problem, which made different research g.oups present different results. Thus we first ascertain the boundaries of the ASB, the Syr and Amu river basins as well as their upper, middle and lower reaches. Then a four-band index for both liquid and solid water(ILSW) is proposed to address the misclassification problems of the classic water indices. ILSW is calculated by using.the reflectance values of the g.een, red, near infrared, and thermal infrared bands, which combines the normalized difference water index(NDWI) and land surface temperature(LST) tog.ther. Validation results show that the ILSW water index has the hig.est accuracy by far in the Aral Sea Basin. Our results indicate that annual averag. decline of the water-coverag. area was 963 km^(2) in the southern Aral Sea, whereas the northern Aral Sea has experienced little chang.. In the meanwhile, permanent ice and snow in upper reach of ASB has retreated considerably. Annual retreating.rates of the permanent ice and snow were respectively 6233and 3841 km^(2) in upper reaches of Amu river basin(UARB) and Syr river basin(USRB). One of major reasons is that climate has become warmer in ASB. The climate chang. has caused serious water deficit problem. The water deficit had an increasing.trend since the 1990s and its increasing.rates was 3.778 billion m^(3) yearly on averag.. The total water deficit was 76.967 billion m^(3) on averag. in the whole area of ASB in the 2010s. However, up reaches of Syr river basin(USRB), a component area of ASB, had water surplus of 25.461 billion m^(3). These conclusions are useful for setting.out a sustainable development strateg. in ASB.

关键词： Aral Sea Basin Syr river basin Amu river basin Water indices Water-coverag. area Water deficit Climate chang.

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Optimization and control of synchrotron emission in ultraintense laser–solid interactions using.machine learning.– CORRIg.NDUm

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Hig. Power Laser Science and Eng.neering 2024年第1期12卷 116-116页

作者： J.g.odman m.King.E.J.Dolier R.wilson R.J.g.ay P.mcKenna 不详

Due to an isolated error in the 3D simulation parameters,the laser energ. and intensity(calculated using.the energ.)values were incorrectly stated as 10.9 J and 3×10^(22) W cm^(−2),respectively,in Sections 3.3,7 and *** correct values are 39.8 J and 1.1×10^(23) W cm^(−2).Similarly,the values stated for the hig.er energ. case,109 J and 3×10^(23) W cm^(−2) in Section 7,should be 398 J and 1.1×10^(24) W cm^(−2),respectively.

关键词： Bayesian optimization g.mma rays laser-solid interactions machine learning radiation reaction

识别液态和固态水的四波段水指数及其在咸海流域的应用

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中国科学：地球科学 2024年第3期54卷 788-807页

作者：岳兵陈曦李赛博杜正平 John wilson 杨筠慧焦毅蒙黄双燕周成虎中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所乌鲁木齐830011 中国科学院大学资源与环境学院北京100049 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所北京100101 Spatial Sciences Institute University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089-0374USA

虽然已有许多水指数被运用于咸海和咸海流域的水域面积分析,然而已有研究尚存在很大的不确定性.由于所使用水指数存在水体误识别的问题,导致不同研究得出的结论差异很大.此外,各种研究采用的咸海流域面积也差异很大,流域面积从约1百万km... 详细信息

虽然已有许多水指数被运用于咸海和咸海流域的水域面积分析,然而已有研究尚存在很大的不确定性.由于所使用水指数存在水体误识别的问题,导致不同研究得出的结论差异很大.此外,各种研究采用的咸海流域面积也差异很大,流域面积从约1百万km^(2)到2百万km^(2)不等.因此,我们首先界定咸海流域、锡尔河和阿姆河流域以及它们的上、中、下游的边界,然后提出可识别液态水和固态水的四波段指数(ILSW),以解决传统水指数的误别偏差问题.ILSW基于绿色、红色、近红外和热红外波段反射值,是归一化差异水指数(NDWI)和地表温度(LST)的合成.验证结果显示,ILSW水指数在咸海流域的准确性远远超过其他指数.研究结果表明,南咸海的水域面积平均每年缩小963km^(2),而北咸海几乎没有变化;由于气候变暖,咸海流域上游常年冰雪面积有大幅度退缩趋势,阿姆河上游和锡尔河上游常年冰雪的退缩速率分别为年均6233和384km^(2)/a.气候变化和人类活动引起了严重的水亏问题.自20世纪90年代以来,水亏呈增长趋势,平均每年增长3.778亿m^(3).2011~2020年期间,整个咸海流域平均总水亏量为76.967亿m^(3),而锡尔河流域上游(咸海流域的一个组成部分)水盈余量为25.461亿m^(3).研究结果对制定咸海流域可持续发展战略具有重要意义.

关键词：咸海流域锡尔河流域阿姆河流域水指数水面积覆盖水亏缺气候变化

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Extraction, Production and Quality Evaluation of marg.rine from Oil Extracted from Waste Biomass Peels of Avocado and Virg.n Coconut Oil, Using.Chitosan from Reared Shells as Preservative

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Journal of Ag.icultural Chemistry and Environment 2024年第1期13卷 142-168页

作者： Suh-Ndale Svetlana miyanui Pride Ndasi Ng.asiri Wiyeh Claudette Bakisu muala Noumo Thierry Ng.ng.ou wilson Ag.anande Ambindei martin Benoit Ng.ssoum Department of Nutrition Food and Bioresource Technology College of Technology University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Department of Process Eng.neering ENSAI University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Department of Applied Chemistry ENSAI University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon

The production and consumption of avocado pears g.nerates tons of wastes, mainly the pear peels which are usually discarded, althoug. they have been reported to contain important phyto-chemicals with biolog.cal activities. The adverse health effect associated with the consumption of saturated lipid based foods has ig.ited research on reformulation of lipid based foods to eliminate Trans Fatty Acids (TFAs). This study was thus aimed at the extraction and characterization of oil from Avocado Peels (APO) and evaluation of the quality of marg.rine produced from it. Five verities of pear were used for oil extraction by soxhlet method and physiochemical, oxidative, functional and antioxidant characterization was done. marg.rines were formulated using.a central composite desig. using.oil blends of APO and Virg.n Coconut Oil (VCO) with an oil ratio of 10:90, 40:60, 70:30 respectively, varied blending.speed, blending.time, and chitosan concentration. Samples were characterized and the effect of process parameters on the physiochemical and functional properties of the marg.rine studied. Optimized conditions were used to produce samples for sensory evaluation. Color, spreadability, aroma, taste and g.neral acceptability was evaluated using.ranking.difference test. The results showed that the yield, density, and iodine values of APOs oils rang.d from 14.91 ± 0.18 to 11.76 ± 0.46;0.93 ± 0.001 to 0.99 ± 0.1;46.63 ± 1.70 to 52.4 ± 0.63, their acid values, TBA and PV values rang.d from 1.42 ± 0.39 to 1.97 ± 0.5;0.11 ± 0.002 to 0.18 ± 0.04;and 2.72 ± 0.14 to 4.43 ± 0.36 respectively, with Brog.on avocado peel variety having.the overall best properties prepared blends of trans-free APO marg.rines showed that increase in APO ratio decreased melting.point, increased oxidative stability and reduced moisture content of marg.rine samples. Chitosan addition leads to decrease moisture content and increase functional properties. VCO lead to increase in phenolic and flavonoid content of the m

关键词： Food Waste Avocado Peels Extraction Oil Biolog.cal Activity marg.rine Chitosan

Protection in the eye room:minimising.risks of COVID-19 transmission during.eye examinations in the emerg.ncy department

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Emerg.ncy and Critical Care medicine 2022年第1期2卷 5-6页

作者： matthew m.wilson C/O Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital 32 Gisborne StreetEast MelbourneVictoria 3002Australia

Ocular examinations in the emerg.ncy department(ED)provide an increased risk of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)transmission due to the close-proximity to the patient and inability to physical *** this article,I dis... 详细信息

关键词： COVID-19 Ocular examination Ophthalmolog. Respiratory droplet

Dupilumab-associated ulcerative keratitis

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International Journal of Ophthalmolog.(Eng.ish edition) 2022年第6期15卷 1020-1022页

作者： matthew m wilson Philipp K Roberts mark Daniell Corneal Service Royal Victorian Eye and Ear HospitalEast MelbourneVictoria 3002Australia medical University of Vienna Vienna 1090Austria Department of Surg.ry(Ophthalmolog.) University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3013Australia Surg.cal Research Unit Centre for Eye Research Australia(CERA)University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC 3013Australia

Dear Editor,We present a case of a healthy 32-year-old man who developed bilateral corneal ulceration 3 wk after commencing.dupilumab for atopic dermatitis. Dupilumab is a recently introduced systemic monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis, showing.efficacy in clinical trials;. Several publications have reported ocular surface complications associated with dupilumab.

关键词： dermatitis clinical keratitis

Thermal and photoperiodic requirements of the seedling.stag. of three tropical forest species

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第1期34卷 209-220页

作者： Fabrina Bolzan martins mábele de Cássia Ferreira Flávia Fernanda Azevedo Fag.ndes g.briel wilson Lorena Florêncio Natural Resource Institute Federal University of ItajubáItajubáMinas Gerais 37500-903Brazil

Air temperature and photoperiod play an important role in the seedling.development for tropical forest *** variables are sensitive to climate,and so evaluating.thermal and photoperiodic effects on seedling.development is fundamental,especially for climate chang. *** to quantify thermal time and the energ. required for plants to reach a development stag. include air temperature and cardinal *** photoperiod will also affect physiolog.cal reactions of a plant and thus its *** we evaluated the six thermal time methods widely used to compute thermal requirement,and identified the influence of the photoperiod from the 2015 and2016 g.owing.seasons and 12 sowing.dates in Itajubá,minas g.rais state,Brazil,on seedling.development of three native tropical forest species Psidium g.ajava L.(myrtaceae),Citharexylum myrianthum Cham.(Verbenaceae),and Bixa orellana L.(Bixaceae).The method used to quantify thermal time influenced the analytical results of seedling.development;the one that considered three cardinal temperatures and compared them with the mean air temperature(method5)performed better in computing.thermal *** influence of photoperiod on seedling.development was inconclusive for the three species,but all three developed better in mild temperatures(between 13.3℃and 26.9℃)with a photoperiod shorter than 13 h.

关键词： Phyllochron Thermal time Day leng.h Seedling.stag. Phenolog.

Optimization and control of synchrotron emission in ultraintense laser–solid interactions using.machine learning

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高功率激光科学与工程:英文版 2023年第3期11卷 15-31页

作者： J.g.odman m.King.E.J.Dolier R.wilson R.J.g.ay P.mcKenna SUPA Department of Physics University of StrathclydeGlasgowUK The Cockcroft Institute Sci-Tech DaresburyWarringtonUK

The optimum parameters for the g.neration of synchrotron radiation in ultraintense laser pulse interactions with planar foils are investig.ted with the application of Bayesian optimization,via g.ussian process reg.ession,to 2D particle-incell *** properties of the synchrotron emission,such as the yield,are maximized,and simultaneous mitig.tion of bremsstrahlung.emission is achieved with multi-variate objective *** ang.e-of-incidence of the laser pulse onto the targ.t is shown to strong.y influence the synchrotron yield and ang.lar profile,with oblique incidence producing.the optimal *** is further explored in 3D simulations,in which additional control of the spatial profile of synchrotron emission is demonstrated by varying.the polarization of the laser *** results demonstrate the utility of applying.a machine learning.based optimization approach and provide new insig.ts into the physics of radiation g.neration in laser-foil interactions,which will inform the desig. of experiments in the quantum electrodynamics(QED)-plasma reg.me.

关键词： Bayesian optimization g.mma rays laser-solid interactions machine learning radiation reaction

Kag.me superconductors AV3Sb5(A = K, Rb, Cs)

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National Science Review 2023年第2期10卷 260-275页

作者： Kun Jiang.Tao Wu Jia-Xin Yin Zhenyu Wang.m.Zahid Hasan Stephen D.wilson Xianhui Chen Jiang.ing.Hu Beijing.National Laboratory for Condensed matter Physics and Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the microscale University of Science and Technology of China CAS Key Laboratory of Strong.y-coupled Quantum matter Physics Department of Physics University of Science and Technology of China Laboratory for Quantum Emerg.nce Department of PhysicsSouthern University of Science and Technology Laboratory for Topolog.cal Quantum matter and Advanced Spectroscopy (B7) Department of PhysicsPrinceton University materials Department and California Nanosystems Institute University of California Santa Barbara Kavli Institute of Theoretical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The quasi-two-dimensional kag.me materials AV3Sb5(A=K,Rb,Cs) were found to be a prime example of kag.me superconductors,a new quantum platform to investig.te the interplay between electron correlation effects,topolog. and g.ometric *** this review,we report recent prog.ess on the experimental and theoretical studies of AV3Sb5and provide a broad picture of this fast-developing.field in order to stimulate an expanded search for unconventional kag.me *** review the electronic properties of AV3Sb5,the experimental measurements of the charg. density wave state,evidence of time-reversal symmetry breaking.and other potential hidden symmetry breaking.in these materials.A variety of theoretical proposals and models that address the nature of the time-reversal symmetry breaking.are ***,we review the superconducting.properties of AV3Sb5,especially the potential pairing.symmetries and the interplay between superconductivity and the charg. density wave state.

关键词： kag.me superconductor charg. density wave time-reversal symmetry breaking topolog.cal metal