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Influence of P-enriched compost application on economics and P use efficiency of a maize–wheat rotation system

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The Crop Journal 2018年第6期6卷 651-658页

作者： Abdul Majeed Shahzada Munawar Mehdi abid Niaz abid mahmood Ehsan-Ul-Haq Naeem Ahmad Shahid Javid Atif Mehmood Sugarcane Research Institute Faisalabad Ayub Agricultural Research InstitutePunjabPakistan Soil Fertility Research Institute LahoreAyub Agricultural Research InstitutePunjabPakistan Institute of Soil Chemistry and Environmental Sciences Ayub Agricultural Research InstitutePunjabPakistan Ayub Agricultural Research Institute PunjabPakistan Provincial Reference Fertilizer Testing Laboratory Raiwind LahorePunjabPakistan Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization Technology for Renewable Energy Ministry of AgricultureCollege of EngineeringChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China

Crop phosphorus(P) deficiency and poor utilization of added P is a major agricultural problem due to reduced solubility of soil P and rapid fixation or precipitation of applied P fertilizer in alkaline and calcareous soils. The effects of P-enriched compost and single superphosphate(SSP) fertilization on maize and wheat yields and P use efficiency in a maize–wheat rotation system were studied for three years. On a three-year average, grain yields of maize and wheat after application of P-enriched compost were increased by 18% and 24%, respectively, in comparison with sole addition of a recommended dose of SSP fertilizer. P-enriched compost addition to soil increased maize and wheat yields by 12% and 17%, respectively, compared to P fertilizer plus FYM incorporation. Soil available P concentration and P uptake were affected significantly by the addition of P-enriched compost. On average, increases in P recovery, use efficiency, and agronomic efficiency of 52%, 18%, and 43% were recorded in maize and increases of 50%, 23%, and 49% in wheat. P-enriched compost application yielded 30% and 32%higher economic returns in maize and wheat than SSP fertilization alone.

关键词： P-enriched compost Maize Wheat Farmyard manure P-uptake

Strategies to enhance cottonseed oil contents and reshape fatty acid profile employing different breeding and genetic engineering approaches

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第10期18卷 2205-2218页

作者： Iram Sharif Jehanzeb Farooq Shahid Munir Chohan Sadaf Saleem Riaz Ahmad Kainth abid mahmood Ghulam Sarwar Cotton Research Station Faisalabad 38000Pakistan Ayub Agricultural Research Institute Faisalabad 38000Pakistan

Cottonseed oil is the valuable byproduct extracted after seed cotton processing for lint. It confers a huge contribution to total vegetable oil production and ranked the 2nd to meet global edible oil requirements. Over centuries, breeders mainly focused to improve lint production and fiber quality. Now attention has been given to improve the cottonseed oil percentage, its functional and nutritional properties. However, these efforts are less than other major oilseed crops which left cottonseed oil market behind in term of consumer demand and kept cott on seed oil industry at vuln erable positi on. Con siderable progress has been made to alter the relative percentage of fatty acid composition still intensified efforts have been required to meet the global oilseed demand. The objective of this review is to explore the cotton germplasm variation for seed oil carrying potential, its utilization in suitable breeding programs, seed oil biosynthetic pathways, major genes, and QTLs linked to quantity and quality enhancement of oil and deployment of modern genomic tools, viz., gene silencing and transgenic development to ameliorate its nutritional properties.

关键词： biosynthesis edible oil gene silencing oil quality oleic acid stearic acid

Variation in Expression of <i>Sub</i>1 Gene and Association with Submergence Stress Related Traits in Advance Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>L.) Genotypes as a Tool of Climate Change Adaptation

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American Journal of Climate Change 2018年第2期7卷 171-186页

作者： Zulqarnain Haider Muhammad Akhter abid mahmood Usman Saleem Rice Research Institute Kala Shah KakuLahorePakistan Ayub Agricultural Research Institute FaisalabadPakistan

Floods have now become most detrimental natural catastrophe worldwide due to radical climatic fluxes. Therefore, there is a dire necessity to develop a high yielding rice lines to deal with this scenario. For this purpose, a large scale experiment was conducted including one hundred and fifteen (115) rice genotypes having SUB1 gene imported from International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) Philippines, six local cultivars/approved varieties and three high yielding rice varieties i.e. Sabitri, IR6 and NSICRC222 being used as potential varieties in different countries of Asia as susceptible check and IR64-SUB1 as tolerant check. The genotypic screening was performed using two PCR-based DNA markers i.e. ART5 and SC3. Phenotypic screening was conducted in a natural pond to assess the interaction of SUB1 gene in natural stagnant flood water as well as the suitability of introgression of SUB1 gene into approved varieties and elite rice lines. The genotypes were assessed in terms of plant survival percentage, submergence tolerance index, physical condition, stem elongation, number of grains per panicle, thousand grain weight, grain yields and deviations in these traits after submergence stress. The PCR results suggested that both the primers ART5 and SC3 may be used as potential PCR-based markers for molecular screening of rice genotypes for SUB1 QTL. Furthermore, it confirmed the presence of SUB1 gene in all the lines imported from IRRI, while it was absent in all the local cultivars studied. All the genotypes with submergence tolerant gene (SUB1) showed significantly greater tolerance level in submergence stress of 14 days, as compared to other local cultivars/varieties, authenticating the effectiveness of SUB1QTL in conferring submergence tolerance. Significantly different performances of all the SUB1 genotypes in terms of all the studied traits indicate high Genotypic and Genotypic Environment Interaction (GEI) of SUB1QTL. Employment of SUB1 lines such as R105479:149-1

关键词： Oryza sativa L. Sub1 QTL Floods Climate Change Phenotypic Expression Association Analysis Stress Related Traits

Hypoxia tolerance studies for yield,fiber and physiological traits in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)

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Journal of Cotton Research 2018年第2期1卷 27-34页

作者： HUSSAIN Altaf FAROOQ Jehanzeb AHMAD Saghir mahmood abid SADIQ M.Attiq ZAFAR Ullah Zafar ATHAR Habib-Ur-Rehman Cotton Research Station Cotton Research Station Ayub Agricultural Research Station Cotton Research Institute Ayub Agricultural Research Institute Institute of Pure and Applied Biology Bahauddin Zakariya University

Background： Hypoxia tolerance studies in cotton are very rare in Pakistan. Unpredicted and excessive rainfalls result in severe losses to cotton crop in many regions of the country due to lack of hypoxia tolerance in current cotton varieties. The genotypes that can tolerate flooding are not reported earlier. The studies were conducted to explore hypoxia tolerance in local germplasm which will help to develop hypoxia tolerant cotton varieties. Method： An experiment with randomized complete different cotton varieties. The genotypes were given conditions. blocks was designed to study the hypoxia tolerance in two treatments i.e., water logged and non-water logged Results： The genotypes showed significant variability for yield, fiber and physiological traits. The hypoxia studies revealed that there is significant reduction for plant height in water sensitive genotype LRA-5166. The genotype MNH-786 showed better yield and MNH-556 showed superior ginning outturn percentage under water logged conditions. Staple length, strength and micronaire values also decreased under hypoxia. Similar pattern of negative effects were observed for Chlorophyll a, b contents and chl a/b ratio. Two hypoxia tolerant cultivars CIM-573 and MNH-564 had significantly higher chlorophyll a （1.664, 1.551） than other cultivars under both normal and waterlogged conditions. There was a significant decrease in total free amino acids in all genotypes/cultivars due to waterlogging. Free amino acid contents were significantly higher in two waterlogging sensitive cultivars, CEDIX and N-KRISHMA, than other cultivars under both non-waterlogged and waterlogged conditions. Waterlogging caused a significant reduction in shoot soluble proteins and increase in shoot proline. The genotype LRA-5166 was the highest in shoot soluble proteins content and showed significant decrease in shoot proline. Conclusions： With respect to yield MNH-786 showed better results and regarding ginning outturn percentage MNH-556 exhibite

关键词： Hypoxia Proline content Cotton Chlorophyll Physiology Tolerance

Quantifying Effects of Photoperiod, Temperature and Humidity on Flowering Initiation in Basmati Rice Lines

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2019年第6期10卷 893-903页

作者： Tahir Latif Zulqarnain Haider Muhammad Ramzan Muhammad Akhter Sadia Gull abid mahmood Awais Riaz Rana Ahsen Raza Khan Rice Research Institute Lahore Pakistan Pakistan Agriculture Research Council Kala Shah Kaku Pakistan Yangzhou University Yangzhou China Ayub Agricultural Research Institute Faisalabad Pakistan

The results suggested that all the pure Basmati lines or genotypes initiate flowering within a specific range of day length duration and temperature. Delaying the transplanting date did not significantly affect the flowering time of studied Basmati lines. Maximum threshold of daily minimum temperature (MT) was 24°C during both the years. Likewise, maximum threshold of daily day-length (DL) durations was 12 hours and 18 minutes during both the study years. Results showed that the flowering was maximum when the MT and DL values were optimum as depicted by peak of the trend lines, where maximum lines flowered. Maximum flowering initiations took place when DL was about 11 hours and 15 minutes indicating Basmati as short day plant which flowers maximum when day lengths are shorter and dark or night duration is longer. During 2013, 1st date trial showed strong relationship between flowering initiation with dates of flowering during the flowering period as depicted by higher regression (R2 = 0.837) values. In 2nd date trial during the same year, the value is lower (R2 = 0.513) depicting less relationship of flowering initiation with the dates of flowering. The same trend was observed in 2014 trial. In 1st date trial, strong relationship between flowering initiation with dates of flowering during the flowering period as depicted by higher regression (R2 = 0.864) values, was observed. In 2nd date trial during the same year, the value is lower (R2 = 0.1789) depicting very poor relationship of flowering initiation with the dates of flowering, and the same trend (R2 = 0.0544) in 3rd date of trial.

关键词： Basmati Rice Flowering Photoperiod Temperature Humidity

Automatic Unusual Activities Recognition Using Deep Learning in Academia

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第1期70卷 1829-1844页

作者： Muhammad Ramzan Adnan abid Shahid mahmood Awan School of Systems and Technology University of Management and TechnologyLahore54782Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Information Technology University of SargodhaSargodha40100Pakistan School of Electronics Computing and MathematicsUniversity of DerbyDerbyUnited Kingdom

In the current era,automatic surveillance has become an active research problem due to its vast real-world applications,particularly for maintaining law and order.A continuous manual monitoring of human activities is a tedious *** use of cameras and automatic detection of unusual surveillance activity has been growing exponentially over the last few *** computer vision techniques have been applied for observation and surveillance of real-world *** research study focuses on detecting and recognizing unusual activities in an academic situation such as examinationhalls,which may help the invigilators observe and restrict the students from cheating or using *** the best of our knowledge,this is the first research work in this area that develops a dataset for unusual activities in the examination and proposes a deep learning model to detect those unusual *** proposed model has been named Automatic Unusual Activity Recognition(AUAR),which employsmotion-based frame extraction approaches to extract key-frames and then applies advanced deep learning Convolutional Neural Network algorithm with diverse *** evaluation using standard performancemeasures confirmthat theAUARmodel outperforms the already proposed approaches for unusual activity *** from evaluating the proposed model on the examination dataset,we also apply AUAR on Violent and Movies datasets,widely used in the relevant literature to detect suspicious *** results reveal that AUAR performs well on various data sets compared to existing state-of-the-art models.

关键词： Deep learning unusual activities examination CNN surveillance human activity recognition

Silymarin-laden PVP-PEG polymeric composite for enhanced aqueous solubility and dissolution rate: Preparation and in vitro characterization

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2019年第1期9卷 34-39页

作者： abid Mehmood Yousaf Usman Rashid Malik Yasser Shahzad Tariq mahmood Talib Hussain Department of Pharmacy COMSATS University IslamabadLahore Campus Faculty of Pharmacy University of Central Punjab

The aim of this work was to develop, optimize and characterize a silymarin-laden polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)-polyethylene glycol(PEG) polymeric composite to resolve low aqueous solubility and dissolution rate problem of the drug. A number of silymarin-laden polymeric formulations were fabricated with different quantities of PVP K-30 and PEG 6000 by the solvent-evaporation method. The effect of PVP K-30 and PEG 6000 on the aqueous solubility and dissolution rate was investigated. The optimized formulation and its constituents were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) techniques. Both the PEG 6000 and PVP K-30 positively affected the aqueous solubility and dissolution rate of the drug. In particular, a formulation consisting of silymarin, PVP K-30 and PEG 6000(0.25/1.5/1.5, w/w/w) furnished the highest solubility(24.3972.95 mg/mL) and an excellent dissolution profile( $100% in 40 min). The solubility enhancement with this formulation was $ 1150-fold as compared to plain silymarin powder. Moreover, all the constituents existed in the amorphous state in this silymarin-laden PVP-PEG polymeric composite. Accordingly, this formulation might be a promising tool to administer silymarin with an enhanced effect via the oral route.

关键词： Silymarin Hydrophilic polymers Inclusion Solid dispersion Aqueous solubility Dissolution rate

Quintessence anisotropic stellar models in quadratic and Born-Infeld modified teleparallel Rastall gravity

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第3期33卷 179-189页

作者： Allah Ditta 夏铁成 Irfan mahmood Asif mahmood Department of Mathematics Shanghai University and Newtouch Center for Mathematics of Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Centre for High Energy Physics University of the PunjabLahorePakistan College of Engineering Chemical Engineering DepartmentKing Saud University RiyadhSaudi Arabia

This study aims to discuss anisotropic solutions that are spherically symmetric in the quintessence field,which describe compact stellar objects in the modified Rastall teleparallel theory of *** achieve this goal,the Krori and Barua arrangement for spherically symmetric components of the line element is *** explore the field equations by selecting appropriate off-diagonal tetrad ***-Infeld function of torsion f(T)=β√λT+1-1 and power law form h(T)=δTn are *** Born-Infeld gravity was the first modified teleparallel gravity to discuss *** use the linear equation of state pr=ξρto separate the quintessence *** obtaining the field equations,we investigate different physical parameters that demonstrate the stability and physical acceptability of the stellar *** use observational data,such as the mass and radius of the compact star candidates PSRJ 1416-2230,Cen X-3,&4U 1820-30,to ensure the physical plausibility of our findings.

关键词： anisotropic spheres quintessence field modified Rastall teleparallel gravity equation of state(EoS) f(T)gravity

Isolation and characteristics of Arthrobacter *** CW-1 for biodegradation of PAEs

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2007年第9期8卷 1469-1474页

作者： mahmood Qaisar Department of Environmental Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310029China

Isolation of new bacterial strains and recognition of their metabolic activities are highly desirable for sustainability of natural ecosystems. Biodegradation of dimethyl phthalate （DMP） under anoxic conditions has been shown to occur as a series of sequential steps using strain CW-1 isolated from digested sludge of Sibao Wastewater Treatment Plant in Hangzhou, China. The microbial colony on LB medium was yellowish, 3-5 mm in diameter, convex in the center, and embedded in mucous externally. The individual cells of strain CW-1 are irregular rods, measuring （0.6-0.7）×（0.9-1.0） pm, V-shaped, with clubbed ends, Gram positive and without any filaments. 16S rDNA （ 1438 bp） sequence analysis showed that the strain was related to Arthrobacter sp. CW-1 and can degrade PAEs utilizing nitrate as electron acceptor, but cannot mineralize DMP completely. The degradation pathway was recommended as： dimethyl phthalate （DMP）→monomethyl phthalate （MMP）--,phthalic acid （PA）. DMP biodegradation was a first order reaction with degradation rate constant of 0.3033 d 1 and half-life 2.25 d. The DMP conversion to PA by CW-1 could be described by using sequential kinetic model.

关键词： Denitrifying bacteria Arthrobacter sp. strain CW-1 Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) Phthalic acid (PA) DMP degradation pathway