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Water and nutrient recovery from urine:A lead up trail using nano-structured In_(2)S_(3)photo electrodes

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Chinese Physics B 2021年第5期30卷 531-535页

作者： r Jayakrishnan T r Sreerev Adith varma Department of Physics University of KeralaThiruvananthapuramKerala 695581India Photovoltaic research Laboratory Christian College Chenagnnur 689122India

Developments of economic systems are critical for bio-regenerative life support systems in manned space *** this work we report on the feasibility of using two direct sunlight powered processes sequentially for the recovery of water and nutrients from *** work presents experimental evidence on nutrient and water recovery achieved using the proto-type designed and *** report the design and testing of a solar still which would serve on the nutrient recovery *** cooled condensate from the solar still is fed into a solar powered electrolysis unit where nano-structured indium sulphide(In_(2)S_(3))thin films coated over fluorine doped tin oxide(SnO_(2):F)substrate serve as one of the working *** electrolysis takes place in the absence of an electrolyte which manifests as a technical achievement of our *** results show that the COD level in the recycled water is very *** In_(2)S_(3)photo-electrodes are stable without any physical damage after the process.

关键词： semiconductors water quality thin film structure and morphology electrolysis

Effect of nano-and micron-sized K0.5Na0.5NbO3 fillers on the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of PVDF composites

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2016年第4期5卷 92-页

作者： Bharathi PONrAJ rajasekhar BHIMIrEDDI K.B.r.varma Materials research Centre Indian Institute of Science Bangalore-560012 India

Polymer nanocrystal composites were fabricated by embedding polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with K0.5Na0.5NbO3 (KNN) nanocrystallites of different volume fraction using the hot-pressing *** comparison,PVDF-KNN microcrystal composites of the same compositions were also fabricated which facilitated the studies of the crystallite size (wide range) effect on the dielectric and piezoelectric *** structural,morphological,dielectric,and piezoelectric properties of these nano and micro crystal composites were *** incorporation of KNN fillers in PVDF at both nanometer and micron scales above 10 vol％ resulted in the formation of polar β-form of *** room temperature dielectric constant as high as 3273 at 100 Hz was obtained for the PVDF comprising 40 vol％ KNN nanocrystallites due to dipole-dipole interactions (as the presence of β-PVDF is prominent),whereas it was only 236 for the PVDF containing the same amount (40 vol％) of micron-sized crystallites of KNN at the same *** theoretical models were employed to predict the dielectric constants of the PVDF-KNN nano and micro crystal *** PVDF comprising 70 vol％ micron-sized crystallites of KNN exhibited a d33 value of 35 pC/N,while the nanocrystal composites of PVDF-KNN did not exhibit any piezoelectric response perhaps due to the unrelieved internal stress within each grain,besides the fact that they have less domain walls.

关键词： polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) K0.5Na0.5NbO3 (KNN) composites β-PVDF nanocrystallites

Effect of plastic deformation on microstructure and thermoelectric properties of Mg_(2)Sn alloys

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2021年第1期9卷 123-129页

作者： rameshkumar.varma Sitarama Kada Matthew Barnett Institute for Frontier Materials Deakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia

In the present work,the effect of deformation on microstructure and thermoelectric properties of Mg 2 Sn alloys having excess magnesium concentrations is *** cast alloys were prepared using radio-frequency(rF)induction melting under an argon *** alloys were thermo-mechanically processed via compression at different temperatures to various true *** room temperature,the alloys failed at a true strain of∼13%.However,at elevated temperatures,the alloys were observed to be highly *** alloys compressed at 673 K to a true strain of 1,a prominent substructure *** subgrain size was∼3-5μ*** is believed that the substructure arose from the action of dynamic *** deformation,the thermoelectric performance of alloy prepared with 6.7 wt.%excess Mg was improved compared to the as cast *** can be ascribed to a reduction in the thermal conductivity due to phonon scattering at grain boundaries.

关键词： Magnesium Thermoelectric Deformation Grain size

MXene-Based Composites as Nanozymes in Biomedicine: A Perspective

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Nano-Micro Letters 2022年第12期14卷 447-463页

作者： Siavash Iravani rajender S.varma Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Isfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Department of Physical ChemistryFaculty of SciencePalacky University in OlomoucSlechtitelu2778371 OlomoucCzech Republic

MXene-based nanozymes have garnered considerable attention because of their potential environmental and biomedical *** materials encompass alluring and manageable catalytic performances and physicochemical features,which make them suitable as(bio)sensors with high selectivity/sensitivity and ***-based structures with suitable electrical conductivity,biocompatibility,large surface area,optical/magnetic properties,and thermal/mechanical features can be applied in designing innovative nanozymes with area-dependent electrocatalytic *** the advances made,there is still a long way to deploy MXene-based nanozymes,especially in medical and healthcare applications;limitations pertaining the peroxidaselike activity and sensitivity/selectivity may restrict further practical applications of pristine ***,developing an efficient surface engineering tactic is still required to fabricate multifunctional MXene-based nanozymes with excellent *** obtain MXene-based nanozymes with unique physicochemical features and high stability,some crucial steps such as hybridization and modification ought to be ***,(nano)toxicological and long-term biosafety analyses along with clinical translation studies still need to be comprehensively *** very limited reports exist pertaining to the biomedical potentials of MXene-based nanozymes,the future explorations should transition toward the extensive research and detailed analyses to realize additional potentials of these structures in biomedicine with a focus on clinical and industrial *** this perspective,therapeutic,diagnostic,and theranostic applications of MXene-based nanozymes are deliberated with a focus on future per-spectives toward more successful clinical translational *** current state-of-the-art biomedical advances in the use of MXene-based nanozymes,as well as their developmental challenges and future prospects are also *** v

关键词： MXenes MXene-based nanozymes Therapeutics Diagnostics Theranostics

Wetting of MXenes and Beyond

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Nano-Micro Letters 2023年第8期15卷 141-153页

作者： Massoud Malaki rajender S.varma Department of Mechanical Engineering Isfahan University of TechnologyDaneshgah e Sanati HwyKhomeyni ShahrIsfahan 84156‑83111Iran regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacky University in OlomoucŠlechtitelů2778371 OlomoucCzech Republic

MXenes are a class of 2D nanomaterials with exceptional tailormade properties such as mechano-ceramic nature,rich chemistry,and hydrophilicity,to name a ***,one of the most challenging issues in any composite/hybrid system is the interfacial *** a superior integrity of a given composite system is a direct consequence of the proper *** wetting is a fundamental feature,dictating many physical and chemical attributes,most of the common nanomaterials possesses poor affinity due to hydrophobic nature,making them hard to be easily dispersed in a given *** to low contact angle,MXenes can offer themselves as an ideal candidate for manufacturing different nano-hybrid *** this review,it is aimed to particularly study the wettability of *** terms of the layout of the present study,MXenes are first briefly introduced,and then,the wettability phenomenon is discussed in *** reviewing the sporadic research efforts conducted to date,a particular attention is paid on the current challenges and research pitfalls to light up the future *** is strongly believed that taking the advantage of MXene’s rich hydrophilic surface may have a revolutionizing role in the fabrication of advanced materials with exceptional features.

关键词： MXene Wetting Hydrophilicity Composites 2D material

Harvesting legume genomes for disease resistance traits

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Harvesting legume genomes for disease resistance traits

Plant Pollen Grains:A Move Towards Green Drug and Vaccine Delivery Systems

第十三届全国植物基因组学大会

作者： r.varma Penmetsa Benjamin rosen Noelia Carrasquilla-Garcia George Bruening Douglas r Cook Department of Plant Pathology University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616 USA

We have used comparative genomics to link many of world’s most important crop legumes,including soybean,common bean,cowpea,pigeonpea,peanut,lupin, chickpea,Medicago and lentil.A comparative network of 1,100 low-copy ...

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Nano-Micro Letters 2021年第8期13卷 218-230页

作者： Siavash Iravani rajender S.varma Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Isfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Czech Advanced Technology and Research InstitutePalackýUniversity in OlomoucŠlechtitelů2778371 OlomoucCzech Republic

Pollen grains and plant spores have emerged as innovative biomaterials for various applications such as drug/vaccine delivery,catalyst support,and the removal of heavy *** natural microcapsules comprising spore shells and pollen grain are designed for protecting the genetic materials of plants from exterior *** layers make up the shell,the outer layer(exine)that comprised largely of sporopollenin,and the inner layer(intine)that built chiefly of *** microcapsule shells,namely hollow sporopollenin exine capsules have some salient features such as homogeneity in size,non-toxic nature,resilience to both alkalis and acids,and the potential to withstand at elevated temperatures;they have displayed promising potential for the microencapsulation and the controlled drug delivery/*** important attribute of mucoadhesion to intestinal tissues can prolong the interaction of sporopollenin with the intestinal mucosa directing to an augmented effectiveness of nutraceutical or drug ***,current trends and prospects related to the application of plant pollen grains for the delivery of vaccines and drugs and vaccine are discussed.

关键词： Pollens Sporopollenin Drug delivery Vaccine delivery Plant pollen grains Microcapsule shells

recent advances in catalytic combustion of AP-based composite solid propellants

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2021年第3期17卷 1013-1031页

作者： Narendra Yadav Prem Kumar Srivastava Mohan varma Department of Space Engineering&rocketry India Department of Chemistry Birla Institute of TechnologyMesraRanchiIndia

Composite solid propellants(CSPs) have widely been used as main energy source for propelling the rockets in both space and military applications. Internal ballistic parameters of rockets like characteristic exhaust velocity, specific impulse, thrust, burning rate etc., are measured to assess and control the performance of rocket motors. The burn rate of solid propellants has been considered as most vital parameter for design of solid rocket motors to meet specific mission requirements. The burning rate of solid propellants can be tailored by using different constituents, extent of oxidizer loading and its particle size and more commonly by incorporating suitable combustion catalysts. Various metal oxides(MOs),complexes, metal powders and metal alloys have shown positive catalytic behaviour during the combustion of CSPs. These are usually solid-state catalysts that play multiple roles in combustion of CSPs such as reduction in activation energy, enhancement of rate of reaction, modification of sequences in reaction-phase, influence on condensed-phase combustion and participation in combustion process in gas-phase reactions. The application of nanoscale catalysts in CSPs has increased considerably in recent past due to their superior catalytic properties as compared to their bulk-sized counterparts. A large surface-to-volume ratio and quantum size effect of nanocatalysts are considered to be plausible reasons for improving the combustion characteristics of propellants. Several efforts have been made to produce nanoscale combustion catalysts for advanced propellant formulations to improve their energetics. The work done so far is largely scattered. In this review, an effort has been made to introduce various combustion catalysts having at least a metallic entity. recent developments of nanoscale combustion catalysts with their specific merits are discussed. The combustion chemistry of a typical CSP is briefly discussed for providing a better understanding on role of co

关键词： Composite solid propellants Burn rate modifier Metallic nano-catalysts Catalytic combustion Thermal decomposition

Geochemical signatures of potassium metasomatism in anthracite from the Himalayan fold‑thrust belts of Sikkim,India

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2022年第2期9卷 48-69页

作者： Santanu Ghosh Anwita Ojha Atul Kumar.varma Coal Geology and Organic Petrology Laboratory Department of Applied GeologyIndian Institute of Technology(Indian School of Mines)DhanbadJharkhand 826004India Department of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of Technology BombayPowaiMumbaiMaharashtra 400076India

The present study focuses on the inorganic geochemical features of the bituminous coal samples from the raniganj and the Jharia Basins,as well as the anthracite samples from the Himalayan fold-thrust belts of Sikkim,*** SiO_(2)content(48.05 wt%to 65.09 wt%and 35.92 wt%to 50.11 wt%in the bituminous and anthracite samples,respectively)and the ratio of Al_(2)O_(3)/TiO_(2)(6.97 to 17.03 in the bituminous coal samples and 10.34 to 20.07 in the anthracite samples)reveal the intermediate igneous source rock composition of the *** ratio of the K_(2)O/Al_(2)O_(3)in the ash yield of the bituminous coal samples(0.03 to 0.09)may suggest the presence of kaolinite mixed with montmorillonite,while its range in the ash yield of the anthracite samples(0.16 to 0.27)may imply the presence of illite mixed with *** chemical index of alteration values may suggest the moderate to strong chemical weathering of the source rock under sub-humid to humid climatic *** plot of the bituminous coal samples in the A–CN–K diagram depicts the traditional weathering trend of parent rocks,but the anthracite samples plot near the illite feld and are a bit ofset from the weathering *** may imply the plausible infuences of the potassium-metasomatism at post coalifcation stages,which is further supported by high K_(2)O/Na_(2)O ratio(29.88–80.13).The Fourier transform infrared spectra further reveal the hydroxyl stretching intensity of illite in the anthracite samples substantiating the efect of the epigenetic *** decrease in total kaolinite intensity/compound intensity of quartz and feldspar may provide additional evidence towards this epigenetic event.

关键词： Himalayan fold-thrust belts Anthracite Potassium metasomatism Kaolinite to quartz-feldspar intensity ratio Montmorillonite stretching and bending intensities Illite-stretching frequency